生态环境保护与农业精准扶贫协调发展机制研究——以四川藏区为例
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摘要
低水平的农业发展方式打破了四川藏区农业生态系统平衡,使该区域面临着严重的农业生态环境问题。因地制宜地发展特色农业,促进生态环境保护,促进产业精准扶贫协调发展,对四川藏区经济社会发展和民生改善具有重要意义。文章采用文献研究法和归纳总结法,对四川藏区农业生态环境脆弱的作用机制、农业生态环境保护与特色农业精准扶贫的统一性及驱动因素进行分析,可以看出区域贫困、经济发展滞后、人力资源不足是四川藏区农业生态环境恶化的重要诱因,农业生态环境保护与特色农业精准扶贫在价值取向、发展路径、发展目标上具有统一性,资源禀赋、基础设施、产业基础等内部因素以及政府主导、市场需求和社会参与等外部因素是二者协调发展的驱动因素。四川藏区应将产业发展与生态环境承载能力和资源禀赋条件有机结合,大力发展生态农业、生态牧业、生态林业等特色农业,优化区域资源配置,降低资源消耗,改善生态环境,走农业生态环境保护与特色农业协调发展之路。
The low-level agricultural development has broken the balance of the agricultural ecosystem in the Tibetan area of Sichuan and imposed serious ecological problems related to agriculture in this area. Thus it is highly important for this region to boost its economic and social progress and improve people's livelihood. By means of developing the unique form of agriculture built on its own strengths and promoting the coordinated progress of ecological environmental protection and industrial targeted poverty alleviation. A literature review has been conducted prior to the study and conclusion has been reached in terms of the working mechanism of the weak agricultural eco-environment, the integration of the agricultural eco-environmental protection, and the targeted poverty alleviation by the means of both the agricultural mode peculiar to the Tibetan areas of Sichuan as well as their underlying driving forces. Regional poverty, sluggish economic development, and labor shortage are the crucial causes of agricultural ecological deterioration in this region. The protection of agricultural eco-environment and targeted poverty alleviation by means of the characteristic agriculture share a common value orientation, development path, and development goals. The driving forces required to realize a coordinated development of the two countermeasures include such internal factors as resources, infrastructure, and industrial conditions, as well as such external factors as government-initiative, market demand, and social engagement. The Tibetan areas in Sichuan should strive for the effective integration of industrial development, eco-environmental accommodation capabilities, and its resources, through strengthening the development of ecological agriculture, ecological husbandry, ecological forestry, and other featured agriculture. Efforts should be made to optimize regional resource allocation, reduce resource consumption, and improve the ecological environment, ushering in a path of coordinated development of agricultural eco-environmental protection and the characteristic agriculture.
The low-level agricultural development has broken the balance of the agricultural ecosystem in the Tibetan area of Sichuan and imposed serious ecological problems related to agriculture in this area. Thus it is highly important for this region to boost its economic and social progress and improve people's livelihood. By means of developing the unique form of agriculture built on its own strengths and promoting the coordinated progress of ecological environmental protection and industrial targeted poverty alleviation. A literature review has been conducted prior to the study and conclusion has been reached in terms of the working mechanism of the weak agricultural eco-environment, the integration of the agricultural eco-environmental protection, and the targeted poverty alleviation by the means of both the agricultural mode peculiar to the Tibetan areas of Sichuan as well as their underlying driving forces. Regional poverty, sluggish economic development, and labor shortage are the crucial causes of agricultural ecological deterioration in this region. The protection of agricultural eco-environment and targeted poverty alleviation by means of the characteristic agriculture share a common value orientation, development path, and development goals. The driving forces required to realize a coordinated development of the two countermeasures include such internal factors as resources, infrastructure, and industrial conditions, as well as such external factors as government-initiative, market demand, and social engagement. The Tibetan areas in Sichuan should strive for the effective integration of industrial development, eco-environmental accommodation capabilities, and its resources, through strengthening the development of ecological agriculture, ecological husbandry, ecological forestry, and other featured agriculture. Efforts should be made to optimize regional resource allocation, reduce resource consumption, and improve the ecological environment, ushering in a path of coordinated development of agricultural eco-environmental protection and the characteristic agriculture.
引文
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[2] 陈南岳.我国农村生态贫困研究[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2003,(4).
[3] 王丽华.就业援助:西部农村反贫困的现实抉择——基于减缓地缘性贫困和生态贫困的视角[J].理论探讨,2012,(2).
[4] Keeney D R.Toward a sustainable agriculture:Need for clarification of concepts and terminology[J].American Journal of Alternative Agriculture,1989,(3).
[5] Brklacich M,Bryant C R,Smit B.Review and appraisal of concept of sustainable food production systems[J].Environmental Management,1991,(1).
[6] Pierce J T.The food resource[M].London:Longman,1990.
[7] 朱琴华,陈利,沈小婷.农业生产与农业生态环境和谐发展的路径探讨——以江苏省为例[J].财贸研究,2013,(6).
[8] 曾鸣,谢淑娟.我国农业生态环境恶化的制度成因探索[J].广东社会科学,2007,(4).
[9] 张金艳.我国农业生态环境保护的法制现状、问题及对策[J].学术交流,2013,(5).
[10] 刘小鹏,王亚娟.民族地区农业生态环境保护投融资机制研究[J].经济问题探索,2006,(10).
[11] 刘助仁.中国农业生态环境安全问题与战略应对[J].环境保护,2009,(23).
[12] 张宝文,关锐捷.中国建立农业生态环境补偿机制的现状与对策[J].毛泽东邓小平理论研究,2011,(9).
[13] 李虹.中国生态贫困的主体分析[J].生态经济,2013,(8).
[14] 张丽君,董益铭,韩石.西部民族地区空间贫困陷阱分析[J].民族研究,2015,(1).
[15] 吕晓英,吕胜利.农业生态环境改善的利益驱动机制[J].甘肃社会科学,2010,(1).
[16] 董法尧,陈红玲,吴建国.我国旅游资源产权结构与旅游经济发展的关系研究——以民族村寨旅游资源为例[J].云南社会科学,2016,(2).
[17] 廖桂蓉,李继红.社会资本视角下四川藏区贫困问题研究[J].西南民族大学学报(人文社科版),2009,(9).
[18] 莫光辉,陈正文,王友俊.新发展理念与精准扶贫的契合及实践路径[J].广西社会科学,2016,(6).
[19] 尹贻梅,刘志高,刘卫东.路径依赖理论及其地方经济发展隐喻[J].地理研究,2012,(5).
[20] 田江.农业生态——经济系统协同发展研究进展[J].中国农业资源与区划,2017,(4).
[21] 易培强.经济新常态下消费发展的基本特征与主要对策[J].湖南师范大学社会科学学报,2015,(5).