中药及其成分抗心肌缺血作用机制研究进展
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摘要
近年来,研究发现多种中药及其活性成分对心肌缺血具有保护作用。中药治疗心肌缺血应用历史悠久,疗效显著,但由于中药多成分、多靶点和多药理活性的特点,作用机制较复杂。本文对具有抗心肌缺血作用的中药复方、单味药及活性成分进行了系统归纳,并从促血管新生、扩张冠状动脉、清除自由基抗氧化、抗凋亡、调节血液流变学、抑制Ca2+超载、自噬、调节能量代谢等方面对中药抗心肌缺血的作用机制进行了系统总结,以期为治疗心肌缺血中药的开发提供新策略和理论依据。
Recent studies have proved that a variety of Chinese materia medica and its active ingredients have protective effects on myocardial ischemia. Chinese materia medica has a long history in the treatment of myocardial ischemia and has a significant effect. However, due to the characteristics of multiple components, multiple targets and multiple pharmacological activities, its anti-myocardial ischemia mechanism is complex. This paper systematically summarizes the compound prescription, extracts and active ingredients which have anti-myocardial ischemia effect. The mechanism of anti-myocardial ischemia was systematically summarized in terms of promoting angiogenesis, dilating coronary arteries, removing free radical oxidation, anti-apoptosis, regulating hemorheology, inhibiting Ca2 +overload, autophagy,energy balance regulation, etc. We aim to provide a theoretical basis for the treatment of myocardial ischemia with Chinese materia medica.
Recent studies have proved that a variety of Chinese materia medica and its active ingredients have protective effects on myocardial ischemia. Chinese materia medica has a long history in the treatment of myocardial ischemia and has a significant effect. However, due to the characteristics of multiple components, multiple targets and multiple pharmacological activities, its anti-myocardial ischemia mechanism is complex. This paper systematically summarizes the compound prescription, extracts and active ingredients which have anti-myocardial ischemia effect. The mechanism of anti-myocardial ischemia was systematically summarized in terms of promoting angiogenesis, dilating coronary arteries, removing free radical oxidation, anti-apoptosis, regulating hemorheology, inhibiting Ca2 +overload, autophagy,energy balance regulation, etc. We aim to provide a theoretical basis for the treatment of myocardial ischemia with Chinese materia medica.
引文
1 Buja L M. Myocardial ischemia and reperfusion injury. Cardiovascular pathology, 2005, 14(4):170-175.
2 许波华,许立.中药抗心肌缺血作用机制的研究进展.中国实验方剂学杂志, 2011, 17(15):265-269.
3 张楠楠,赵珉,韩大庆,等.中药治疗心肌缺血机制的研究进展.中国老年学杂志, 2012, 5(32):1987-1989.
4 陈裴裴,周昕,谢瑞芳.基于心肌缺血的中药促血管新生机制研究进展.中国中医药信息杂志2014, 5(21):133-136.
5 Li F, Guo S, Wang C, et al. Yiqihuoxue decoction protects against postmyocardial infarction injury via activation of cardiomyocytes PGC-1αexpression. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2018, 18(1):253-269.
6 郑望,毛美娇,邓兵.中药促进缺血心肌血管新生相关生长因子的研究进展.中西医结合心脑血管病杂志, 2015, 6(13):770-773.
7 Liao J, Hao C, Huang W, et al. Network pharmacology study reveals energy metabolism and apoptosis pathways-mediated cardioprotective effects of Shenqi Fuzheng. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2018, 227:155-165.
8 Li F, Fan X, Chu C, et al. A strategy for optimizing the combination of active components based on Chinese Medicinal Formula ShengMaiSan for myocardial ischemia. Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry, 2018, 45(4):1455-1471.
9 Ruan X, Ju C, Shen Y, et al. Suxiao Jiuxin pill promotes exosome secretion from mouse cardiac mesenchymal stem cells in vitro. Acta Pharmacologica Sinica, 2018, 39(4):569-578.
10 Jun Y, Chunju Y, Qi A, et al. The effects of compound danshen dripping pills and human umbilical cord blood mononuclear cell transplant after acute myocardial infarction. Exp Clin Transplant, 2014, 12(2):123-128.
11 赵桂峰,张运娇,唐耿义.基于NF-κB信号通路探讨中医药防治心肌缺血再灌注损伤的研究进展.天津中医药, 2018, 35(9):714-717.
12 W Wang Q, Meng H, Zhang Q, et al. Multitarget Effects of Danqi Pill on Global Gene Expression Changes in Myocardial Ischemia. International Journal of Genomics, 2018, 2018:9469670.
13 Cen W, Chen Z, Gu N, et al. Prevention of AMI Induced Ventricular Remodeling:Inhibitory Effects of Heart-Protecting Musk Pill on IL-6and TNF-Alpha. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2017, 2017:3217395.
14 张发艳.当归四逆汤治疗心血管疾病作用机制及应用进展.天津中医药, 2018, 35(6):477-480.
15 Wang J, Li C, Cao Y, et al. Mechanism of QSYQ on anti-apoptosis mediated by different subtypes of cyclooxygenase in AMI induced heart failure rats. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2015, 15(1):352.
16 Lyu M, Cui Y, Zhao T, et al. Tnfrsf12a-Mediated Atherosclerosis Signaling and Inflammatory response as a common protection mechanism of Shuxuening injection against both myocardial and cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injuries. Frontiers in Pharmacology,2018, 9:312.
17 Han J Y, Li Q, Ma Z Z, et al. Effects and mechanisms of compound Chinese medicine and major ingredients on microcirculatory dysfunction and organ injury induced by ischemia/reperfusion.Pharmacology&Therapeutics, 2017, 177:146-173.
18 Sauviat M P, Colas A, Chauveau M J, et al. Hypericin Activates L-Type Ca2+Channels in Cardiac Myocytes. Journal of Natural Products, 2007,70(4):510-514.
19 Jhon B K, Kim M C, Heo M S. Antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of lactic acid bacteria fermentation broth cultured on Acanthopanax koreanum extract. Journal of Biotechnology, 2008, 136:S554.
20 杨震,傅旎旎,薛慧文,等.瓜蒌皮对高血脂合并心肌缺血大鼠氧化应激状态动态调节作用研究.辽宁中医药大学学报, 2018, 20(1):39-43.
21 Yang X, Qin Y, Shao S, et al. MicroRNA-214 inhibits left ventricular remodeling in an acute myocardial infarction rat model by suppressing cellular apoptosis via the phosphatase and tensin homolog(PTEN).International Heart Journal, 2016, 57(2):247-250.
22 杨周生.中药抗心肌缺血的研究进展.湖南中医杂志, 2015, 6(31):170-171.
23 Pradeep C R, Sunila E S, Kuttan G. Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)and VEGF receptors in tumor angiogenesis and malignancies. Integrative Cancer Therapies, 2005, 4(4):315-321.
24 Fernandez B, Buehler A, Wolfram S, et al. Transgenic myocardial overexpression of fibroblast growth factor-1 increases coronary artery density and branching. Circulation Research, 2000, 87(3):207-213.
25 Yu Y, Sun G, Luo Y, et al. Cardioprotective effects of Notoginsenoside R1 against ischemia/reperfusion injuries by regulating oxidative stressand endoplasmic reticulum stress-related signaling pathways. Scientific Reports, 2016, 6:21730.
26 杨雷,刘暖,毛秉豫,等.红景天苷上调大鼠心肌梗死后心肌组织VEGF的表达.南阳理工学院学报, 2013, 5(6):120-124.
27 杨景柯,冯国清,于爽,等.巴戟天醇提取物促大鼠缺血心肌治疗性血管生成的实验研究.中国药理学通报, 2010, 26(3):367-371.
28 Grines C L, Watkins M W, Helmer G, et al. Angiogenic Gene Therapy(AGENT)trial in patients with stable angina pectoris. Circulation, 2002,105(11):1291-1297.
29 王承龙,史大卓,殷惠军,等.西洋参茎叶总皂苷对急性心肌梗死大鼠心肌VEGF、bFGF表达及血管新生的影响.中国中西医结合杂志,2007, 20(4):331-334.
30 杨惊宇,杨鹏,张三印.葛根素对心肌梗死大鼠心肌iNOS, eNOS蛋白表达及AKT磷酸化水平的影响.世界科学技术-中医药现代化,2008, 10(3):43-51.
31 Deng Y, Yang M, Xu F, et al. Combined salvianolic acid B and ginsenoside Rg1 exerts cardioprotection against ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats. PLoS One, 2015, 10(8):e0135435.
32 Xia R, Zhao B, Wu Y, et al. Ginsenoside Rb1 preconditioning enhances eNOS expression and attenuates myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in diabetic rats. BioMed Research International, 2011,(2011):767930.
33 毋亚男,宋丽华,郭春花,等. NOS/NO在白藜芦醇抗大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤中的作用.长治医学院学报, 2017, 31(5):321-323.
34 Chen Q, Xu T, Li D, et al. JNK/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway is involved in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in diabetic rats:effects of salvianolic acid A intervention. American Journal of Translational Research, 2016, 8(6):2534-2548.
35 Zhang Y J, Zhang X L, Li M H, et al. The Ginsenoside Rg1 Prevents Transverse Aortic Constriction–Induced Left Ventricular Hypertrophy and Cardiac Dysfunction by Inhibiting Fibrosis and Enhancing Angiogenesis. Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology, 2013,62(1):50-57.
36 高兆慧,卢少海,赵启韬.中药保护心肌缺血的有效成分及作用机制.中华中医药杂志, 2015, 1(30):170-173.
37 Murphy E, Steenbergen C. Mechanisms underlying acute protection from cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury. Physiological Reviews, 2008,88(2):581-609.
38 Hu T, Wei G, Xi M, et al. Synergistic cardioprotective effects of Danshensu and hydroxysafflor yellow A against myocardial ischemiareperfusion injury are mediated through the Akt/Nrf2/HO-1 pathway.International Journal of Molecular Medicine, 2016, 38(1):83-94.
39 Xue L, Wu Z, Ji X P, et al. Effect and mechanism of salvianolic acid B on the myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine, 2014, 7(4):280-284.
40 Czabotar P E, Lessene G, Strasser A, et al. Control of apoptosis by the BCL-2 protein family:implications for physiology and therapy. Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology, 2014, 15(1):49-63.
41 Qiao Z Y, Huang J H, Ma J W, et al. Ginkgo biloba extract reducing myocardium cells apoptosis by regulating apoptotic related proteins expression in myocardium tissues. Molecular Biology Reports, 2014, 41(1):347-353.
42 杨明,隋殿军,孙红,等.蜂胶总黄酮对急性心肌缺血大鼠心肌梗塞和血液流变学的影响.中成药, 2005(9):1057-1059.
43 王蕾,于晓风,王耀振,等.西洋参总皂苷对心肌缺血再灌注损伤大鼠血液流变学的影响.人参研究, 2017, 29(2):22-24.
44 Fan G, Yu J, Asare P F, et al. Danshensu alleviates cardiac ischaemia/reperfusion injury by inhibiting autophagy and apoptosis via activation of mTOR signalling. Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, 2016,20(10):1908-1919.
45 Lampert M A, Gustafsson A B. Balancing Autophagy for a Healthy Heart. Current Opinion in Physiology, 2018, 1:21-26.
46 Han J, Pan X Y, Xu Y, et al. Curcumin induces autophagy to protect vascular endothelial cell survival from oxidative stress damage.Autophagy, 2012, 8(5):812-825.
47 Zhang M, Zhao Z, Shen M, et al. Polydatin protects cardiomyocytes against myocardial infarction injury by activating Sirt3. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta(BBA)-Molecular Basis of Disease, 2017, 1863(8):1962-1972.
48 Mao S, Wang L, Ouyang W, et al. Traditional Chinese medicine, Danlou tablets alleviate adverse left ventricular remodeling after myocardial infarction:results of a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled,pilot study. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2016, 16(1):447.
49 Hu J, Man W, Shen M, et al. Luteolin alleviates post‐infarction cardiac dysfunction by up‐regulating autophagy through Mst1 inhibition.Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, 2016, 20(1):147-156.
50 Ao J, Feng H, Xia F. Transforming growth factor and nuclear factor kappa B mediated prophylactic cardioprotection by total flavonoids of fructus chorspondiatis in myocardial ischemia. Cardiovascular Drugs and Therapy, 2007, 21(4):235-241.
51 程艳刚,李国艳,谭金燕,等.黄酮类化合物抗心肌缺血作用机制研究进展.辽宁中医药大学学报, 2018, 20(6):82-85.
52 Wong A P, Niedzwiecki A, Rath M. Myocardial energetics and the role of micronutrients in heart failure:a critical review. American Journal of Cardiovascular Disease, 2016, 6(3):81-92.
53 Song M, Huang L, Zhao G, et al. Beneficial effects of a polysaccharide from Salvia miltiorrhiza on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. Carbohydrate Polymers, 2013, 98(2):1631-1636.
54 周智慧,杨杰.中药干预细胞能量代谢治疗心脑血管疾病的研究进展.西北药学杂志, 2016, 31(6):658-660.
2 许波华,许立.中药抗心肌缺血作用机制的研究进展.中国实验方剂学杂志, 2011, 17(15):265-269.
3 张楠楠,赵珉,韩大庆,等.中药治疗心肌缺血机制的研究进展.中国老年学杂志, 2012, 5(32):1987-1989.
4 陈裴裴,周昕,谢瑞芳.基于心肌缺血的中药促血管新生机制研究进展.中国中医药信息杂志2014, 5(21):133-136.
5 Li F, Guo S, Wang C, et al. Yiqihuoxue decoction protects against postmyocardial infarction injury via activation of cardiomyocytes PGC-1αexpression. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2018, 18(1):253-269.
6 郑望,毛美娇,邓兵.中药促进缺血心肌血管新生相关生长因子的研究进展.中西医结合心脑血管病杂志, 2015, 6(13):770-773.
7 Liao J, Hao C, Huang W, et al. Network pharmacology study reveals energy metabolism and apoptosis pathways-mediated cardioprotective effects of Shenqi Fuzheng. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2018, 227:155-165.
8 Li F, Fan X, Chu C, et al. A strategy for optimizing the combination of active components based on Chinese Medicinal Formula ShengMaiSan for myocardial ischemia. Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry, 2018, 45(4):1455-1471.
9 Ruan X, Ju C, Shen Y, et al. Suxiao Jiuxin pill promotes exosome secretion from mouse cardiac mesenchymal stem cells in vitro. Acta Pharmacologica Sinica, 2018, 39(4):569-578.
10 Jun Y, Chunju Y, Qi A, et al. The effects of compound danshen dripping pills and human umbilical cord blood mononuclear cell transplant after acute myocardial infarction. Exp Clin Transplant, 2014, 12(2):123-128.
11 赵桂峰,张运娇,唐耿义.基于NF-κB信号通路探讨中医药防治心肌缺血再灌注损伤的研究进展.天津中医药, 2018, 35(9):714-717.
12 W Wang Q, Meng H, Zhang Q, et al. Multitarget Effects of Danqi Pill on Global Gene Expression Changes in Myocardial Ischemia. International Journal of Genomics, 2018, 2018:9469670.
13 Cen W, Chen Z, Gu N, et al. Prevention of AMI Induced Ventricular Remodeling:Inhibitory Effects of Heart-Protecting Musk Pill on IL-6and TNF-Alpha. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2017, 2017:3217395.
14 张发艳.当归四逆汤治疗心血管疾病作用机制及应用进展.天津中医药, 2018, 35(6):477-480.
15 Wang J, Li C, Cao Y, et al. Mechanism of QSYQ on anti-apoptosis mediated by different subtypes of cyclooxygenase in AMI induced heart failure rats. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2015, 15(1):352.
16 Lyu M, Cui Y, Zhao T, et al. Tnfrsf12a-Mediated Atherosclerosis Signaling and Inflammatory response as a common protection mechanism of Shuxuening injection against both myocardial and cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injuries. Frontiers in Pharmacology,2018, 9:312.
17 Han J Y, Li Q, Ma Z Z, et al. Effects and mechanisms of compound Chinese medicine and major ingredients on microcirculatory dysfunction and organ injury induced by ischemia/reperfusion.Pharmacology&Therapeutics, 2017, 177:146-173.
18 Sauviat M P, Colas A, Chauveau M J, et al. Hypericin Activates L-Type Ca2+Channels in Cardiac Myocytes. Journal of Natural Products, 2007,70(4):510-514.
19 Jhon B K, Kim M C, Heo M S. Antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of lactic acid bacteria fermentation broth cultured on Acanthopanax koreanum extract. Journal of Biotechnology, 2008, 136:S554.
20 杨震,傅旎旎,薛慧文,等.瓜蒌皮对高血脂合并心肌缺血大鼠氧化应激状态动态调节作用研究.辽宁中医药大学学报, 2018, 20(1):39-43.
21 Yang X, Qin Y, Shao S, et al. MicroRNA-214 inhibits left ventricular remodeling in an acute myocardial infarction rat model by suppressing cellular apoptosis via the phosphatase and tensin homolog(PTEN).International Heart Journal, 2016, 57(2):247-250.
22 杨周生.中药抗心肌缺血的研究进展.湖南中医杂志, 2015, 6(31):170-171.
23 Pradeep C R, Sunila E S, Kuttan G. Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)and VEGF receptors in tumor angiogenesis and malignancies. Integrative Cancer Therapies, 2005, 4(4):315-321.
24 Fernandez B, Buehler A, Wolfram S, et al. Transgenic myocardial overexpression of fibroblast growth factor-1 increases coronary artery density and branching. Circulation Research, 2000, 87(3):207-213.
25 Yu Y, Sun G, Luo Y, et al. Cardioprotective effects of Notoginsenoside R1 against ischemia/reperfusion injuries by regulating oxidative stressand endoplasmic reticulum stress-related signaling pathways. Scientific Reports, 2016, 6:21730.
26 杨雷,刘暖,毛秉豫,等.红景天苷上调大鼠心肌梗死后心肌组织VEGF的表达.南阳理工学院学报, 2013, 5(6):120-124.
27 杨景柯,冯国清,于爽,等.巴戟天醇提取物促大鼠缺血心肌治疗性血管生成的实验研究.中国药理学通报, 2010, 26(3):367-371.
28 Grines C L, Watkins M W, Helmer G, et al. Angiogenic Gene Therapy(AGENT)trial in patients with stable angina pectoris. Circulation, 2002,105(11):1291-1297.
29 王承龙,史大卓,殷惠军,等.西洋参茎叶总皂苷对急性心肌梗死大鼠心肌VEGF、bFGF表达及血管新生的影响.中国中西医结合杂志,2007, 20(4):331-334.
30 杨惊宇,杨鹏,张三印.葛根素对心肌梗死大鼠心肌iNOS, eNOS蛋白表达及AKT磷酸化水平的影响.世界科学技术-中医药现代化,2008, 10(3):43-51.
31 Deng Y, Yang M, Xu F, et al. Combined salvianolic acid B and ginsenoside Rg1 exerts cardioprotection against ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats. PLoS One, 2015, 10(8):e0135435.
32 Xia R, Zhao B, Wu Y, et al. Ginsenoside Rb1 preconditioning enhances eNOS expression and attenuates myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in diabetic rats. BioMed Research International, 2011,(2011):767930.
33 毋亚男,宋丽华,郭春花,等. NOS/NO在白藜芦醇抗大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤中的作用.长治医学院学报, 2017, 31(5):321-323.
34 Chen Q, Xu T, Li D, et al. JNK/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway is involved in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in diabetic rats:effects of salvianolic acid A intervention. American Journal of Translational Research, 2016, 8(6):2534-2548.
35 Zhang Y J, Zhang X L, Li M H, et al. The Ginsenoside Rg1 Prevents Transverse Aortic Constriction–Induced Left Ventricular Hypertrophy and Cardiac Dysfunction by Inhibiting Fibrosis and Enhancing Angiogenesis. Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology, 2013,62(1):50-57.
36 高兆慧,卢少海,赵启韬.中药保护心肌缺血的有效成分及作用机制.中华中医药杂志, 2015, 1(30):170-173.
37 Murphy E, Steenbergen C. Mechanisms underlying acute protection from cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury. Physiological Reviews, 2008,88(2):581-609.
38 Hu T, Wei G, Xi M, et al. Synergistic cardioprotective effects of Danshensu and hydroxysafflor yellow A against myocardial ischemiareperfusion injury are mediated through the Akt/Nrf2/HO-1 pathway.International Journal of Molecular Medicine, 2016, 38(1):83-94.
39 Xue L, Wu Z, Ji X P, et al. Effect and mechanism of salvianolic acid B on the myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine, 2014, 7(4):280-284.
40 Czabotar P E, Lessene G, Strasser A, et al. Control of apoptosis by the BCL-2 protein family:implications for physiology and therapy. Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology, 2014, 15(1):49-63.
41 Qiao Z Y, Huang J H, Ma J W, et al. Ginkgo biloba extract reducing myocardium cells apoptosis by regulating apoptotic related proteins expression in myocardium tissues. Molecular Biology Reports, 2014, 41(1):347-353.
42 杨明,隋殿军,孙红,等.蜂胶总黄酮对急性心肌缺血大鼠心肌梗塞和血液流变学的影响.中成药, 2005(9):1057-1059.
43 王蕾,于晓风,王耀振,等.西洋参总皂苷对心肌缺血再灌注损伤大鼠血液流变学的影响.人参研究, 2017, 29(2):22-24.
44 Fan G, Yu J, Asare P F, et al. Danshensu alleviates cardiac ischaemia/reperfusion injury by inhibiting autophagy and apoptosis via activation of mTOR signalling. Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, 2016,20(10):1908-1919.
45 Lampert M A, Gustafsson A B. Balancing Autophagy for a Healthy Heart. Current Opinion in Physiology, 2018, 1:21-26.
46 Han J, Pan X Y, Xu Y, et al. Curcumin induces autophagy to protect vascular endothelial cell survival from oxidative stress damage.Autophagy, 2012, 8(5):812-825.
47 Zhang M, Zhao Z, Shen M, et al. Polydatin protects cardiomyocytes against myocardial infarction injury by activating Sirt3. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta(BBA)-Molecular Basis of Disease, 2017, 1863(8):1962-1972.
48 Mao S, Wang L, Ouyang W, et al. Traditional Chinese medicine, Danlou tablets alleviate adverse left ventricular remodeling after myocardial infarction:results of a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled,pilot study. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2016, 16(1):447.
49 Hu J, Man W, Shen M, et al. Luteolin alleviates post‐infarction cardiac dysfunction by up‐regulating autophagy through Mst1 inhibition.Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, 2016, 20(1):147-156.
50 Ao J, Feng H, Xia F. Transforming growth factor and nuclear factor kappa B mediated prophylactic cardioprotection by total flavonoids of fructus chorspondiatis in myocardial ischemia. Cardiovascular Drugs and Therapy, 2007, 21(4):235-241.
51 程艳刚,李国艳,谭金燕,等.黄酮类化合物抗心肌缺血作用机制研究进展.辽宁中医药大学学报, 2018, 20(6):82-85.
52 Wong A P, Niedzwiecki A, Rath M. Myocardial energetics and the role of micronutrients in heart failure:a critical review. American Journal of Cardiovascular Disease, 2016, 6(3):81-92.
53 Song M, Huang L, Zhao G, et al. Beneficial effects of a polysaccharide from Salvia miltiorrhiza on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. Carbohydrate Polymers, 2013, 98(2):1631-1636.
54 周智慧,杨杰.中药干预细胞能量代谢治疗心脑血管疾病的研究进展.西北药学杂志, 2016, 31(6):658-660.