基于携砂试验的稠油水平井防砂埋风险生产优化研究
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摘要
稠油水平井出砂后发生井筒砂埋是造成油井产能下降、作业成本增加的关键原因之一,研究稠油水平井中地层砂的运移规律,可为稠油水平井生产设计提供依据。通过水平井携砂能力试验,测量不同稠油黏度和稠油比例条件下水平井筒中地层砂的临界携砂流速,定义了稠油比例黏度系数和稠油极值比例黏度系数,探究稠油黏度和稠油比例对水平井筒中地层砂运移的综合影响。结果表明:增加稠油比例或稠油黏度,水平井筒中地层砂临界携砂流速均会先降低后趋于稳定并呈现轻微上升的变化趋势,水平井筒中地层砂临界携砂流速随稠油比例黏度系数先降低后增加,且存在一稠油极值比例黏度系数使得地层砂运移的难度和砂埋风险最低。基于试验结果提出一套用于稠油水平井开采时防砂埋风险的生产优化方法,即通过测试地层砂对应的稠油极值比例黏度系数,对油井实际稠油比例黏度系数进行调整,以降低地层砂在水平井筒中沉积的风险。现场应用结果表明:该优化方法可有效降低井筒砂埋的风险,对于提高油井经济效益、保证油井稳产高产具有一定的指导意义。
The sand burial caused by sand production in horizontal wells of heavy oil reservoir is one of the key reasons for the decline of oil well production capacity and the increase of operating costs.In order to study the regularity of formation sand migration in heavy oil horizontal wells and provide basis for production design,this paper conducts a horizontal well sand carrying capacity test to measure the critical sand carrying velocity of formation sand under different viscosity and ratio conditions of heavy oil.The paper defines proportional viscosity coefficient and the extreme proportional viscosity coefficient to explore the comprehensive effects of heavy oil ratio and viscosity on the formation sand migration in horizontal wellbore.Then,the paper proposes a set of production optimization methods for heavy oil horizontal well to prevent sand burial.The result indicates that increasing the proportion or viscosity of heavy oil makes the critical sand carrying flow rate first decrease and then tend to be stable and show a slight upward trend.And the critical sand deposition velocity of the sand decreases first and then increases with the proportional viscosity coefficient.There also exists an extreme proportional viscosity coefficient,which makes the risk of sand burial and sand migration lowest.Based on the experimental results,the paper proposes a set of production optimization methods suitable for horizontal wells preventing sand burial,that is,to test the extreme viscosity proportional coefficient of the formation sand,and apply the actual viscosity ratio coefficient of the well to reducing the risk of formation sand deposition in the horizontal wellbore.The application shows that the optimization method can effectively reduce the risk of sand burial in the wellbore,which has certain guiding significance for increasing the economy benefit and ensuring stable production and high yield of oil wells.
The sand burial caused by sand production in horizontal wells of heavy oil reservoir is one of the key reasons for the decline of oil well production capacity and the increase of operating costs.In order to study the regularity of formation sand migration in heavy oil horizontal wells and provide basis for production design,this paper conducts a horizontal well sand carrying capacity test to measure the critical sand carrying velocity of formation sand under different viscosity and ratio conditions of heavy oil.The paper defines proportional viscosity coefficient and the extreme proportional viscosity coefficient to explore the comprehensive effects of heavy oil ratio and viscosity on the formation sand migration in horizontal wellbore.Then,the paper proposes a set of production optimization methods for heavy oil horizontal well to prevent sand burial.The result indicates that increasing the proportion or viscosity of heavy oil makes the critical sand carrying flow rate first decrease and then tend to be stable and show a slight upward trend.And the critical sand deposition velocity of the sand decreases first and then increases with the proportional viscosity coefficient.There also exists an extreme proportional viscosity coefficient,which makes the risk of sand burial and sand migration lowest.Based on the experimental results,the paper proposes a set of production optimization methods suitable for horizontal wells preventing sand burial,that is,to test the extreme viscosity proportional coefficient of the formation sand,and apply the actual viscosity ratio coefficient of the well to reducing the risk of formation sand deposition in the horizontal wellbore.The application shows that the optimization method can effectively reduce the risk of sand burial in the wellbore,which has certain guiding significance for increasing the economy benefit and ensuring stable production and high yield of oil wells.
引文
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[16]Underdown D R,Dickerson R C,Vaughan W.The nominal sand-control screen:A critical evaluation of screen performance[J].SPE Drilling&Completion,2001,16(4):252-260.
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[2]Stevenson P,Thorpe R B,Kennedy J E,et al.The transport of particles at low loading in near-horizontal pipes by intermittent flow[J].Chemical Engineering Science,2001,56(6):2149-2159.
[3]刘达京.适度出砂开采水平井筒携砂流动规律研究[D].大庆:东北石油大学,2014.
[4]王治中,邓金根,孙福街,等.井筒砂粒运移规律室内模拟实验研究[J].石油学报,2006,27(4):130-132.
[5]张政.大位移井岩屑传输规律研究[D].北京:中国石油大学(北京),2000.
[6]欧光照,吴益平,王增帅,等.黏土介质地下水非达西渗流的研究进展[J].安全与环境工程,2013,20(5):140-143.
[7]Najmi K,Mclaury B S,Shirazi S A,et al.Low concentration sand transport in multiphase viscous horizontal pipes:An experimental study and modeling guideline[J].Aiche Journal,2016,62(5):1821-1833.
[8]蒋文豪,周宏,李玉坤,等.基于钻孔内地下水流速和流向的岩溶裂隙介质渗透性研究[J].安全与环境工程,2018,25(6):1-7.
[9]方永国.新疆塔里木盆地塔河油田稠油污水处理技术研究[J].安全与环境工程,2005,12(4):56-59.
[10]李帮民,汪志明,薛亮,等.渤海疏松砂岩油藏水平井筒携砂能力数值模拟研究[J].石油钻探技术,2011,39(2):86-90.
[11]刘承婷,胡园园,代云龙.水平井冲砂液携砂规律研究[J].当代化工,2016,45(7):1631-1633.
[12]雷登生,杜志敏,单高军,等.考虑变质量流水平井筒稠油携砂能力研究[J].石油学报,2011,32(1):127-130.
[13]王洪,李春兰,黄世军,等.疏松砂岩油藏水平井适度出砂开采携砂计算模型[J].石油钻采工艺,2007,29(1):65-68.
[14]Dabirian R,Mohan R,Shoham O,et al.Critical sand deposition velocity for gas-liquid stratified flow in horizontal pipes[J].Journal of Natural Gas Science&Engineering,2016,33(2):527-537.
[15]Najmi K,Mclaury B S,Shirazi S A,et al.A generalized model to predict minimum particle transport velocities in multiphase airwater horizontal pipes[J].AIChE Journal,2015,61(8):2634-2646.
[16]Underdown D R,Dickerson R C,Vaughan W.The nominal sand-control screen:A critical evaluation of screen performance[J].SPE Drilling&Completion,2001,16(4):252-260.
[17]董长银,张琪.水平固液两相管流平衡砂床高度计算的概率模型[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2004,28(3):46-48.