摘要
青藏高原东北缘同鄂尔多斯块体及阿拉善块体过渡地区,也是南北地震带的北段;该区地震活动水平较高,是发生强震危险性较大的地区.鉴于该区特殊的构造环境和深部构造背景,本研究利用两条"十字交叉"的地震宽角反射/折射剖面进行相互约束,以更为精确地获得研究区各个块体及其耦合部位的深、浅部地壳速度结构特征,进而探讨历史强震区的深部孕震构造环境.文章对两条剖面获得的P波数据进行了资料处理和解释,采用地震射线走时正演构建了沿两条剖面的二维地壳速度结构模型.结果显示:两条剖面所穿过的不同块体速度结构、地壳内部界面形态及地壳厚度等存在较大差异.其中,沿兰州-惠安堡-榆林地震测深剖面(L1)的地壳厚度由鄂尔多斯块体西缘的43.0km向西加深至祁连块体的55.9km.同时,鄂尔多斯块体速度等值线横向变化平缓,地壳平均速度为6.30km s~(-1);而祁连块体和弧形构造区壳内结构变化较为剧烈,壳内平均速度低于鄂尔多斯块体0.10km s~(-1)左右.此外,祁连块体与弧形构造区上地壳存在不连续低速层(LVZ1和LVZ2),低于周围介质速度0.10~0.20km s~(-1);鄂尔多斯块体在L2(铜川-惠安堡-阿拉善左旗地震测深剖面)和L1剖面上平均地壳厚度基本一致,均在43.0km左右起伏变化,但沿L1剖面壳内界面、速度等值线平缓,显示稳定的克拉通式地壳结构特征,而沿L2剖面壳内速度等值线变化紊乱,显示鄂尔多斯块体壳内结构具有显著区域差异.贺兰山造山带和银川盆地地壳结构呈现"隆凹"起伏变化,表现出局部挤压变形特征,且在贺兰山中-下地壳存在高低速相间的低速层,低于周围介质速度0.15~0.25km s~(-1).阿拉善块体地壳厚度为49.0km左右,该块体上、中-下地壳层内速度等值线起伏形态差异较大.沿L1、L2地震测深剖面获得的复杂地壳速度结构特征揭示了不同地块的结构差异、相互耦合关系及历史强震区的速度结构,从而为进一步研究该区强震的孕育环境和机制提供了更为精确的地壳结构约束.
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