使用车载信息装置对驾驶行为的影响研究
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摘要
为研究使用车载信息装置对驾驶行为的影响,基于虚拟驾驶仿真平台,开展正常驾驶、操作按键式和触摸屏式收音机驾驶分心试验;应用外周视觉检测任务法(PDT)测量驾驶人反应时间、PDT目标命中率以及车速和跟驰距离等参数,以评估分心行为的心理资源需求及其对驾驶绩效的影响。试验结果表明:使用车载信息装置会降低驾驶人反应能力和驾驶绩效,操作触摸屏分心与操作按键分心相比,驾驶人反应时间延长了167 ms,PDT目标命中率降低了10%,速度保持和车距保持能力下降,使用触摸屏式车载信息装置需要更多的心理资源,对两侧视野内的信息刺激反应明显迟钝,对行车安全有较大影响。
To investigate the influence of the use of in-vehicle information devices on driving behavior,driving distraction experiments were performed by using a virtual driving simulation platform,a key press type radio,and a touch panel radio among others. In order to evaluate psychological resources driving distraction demands and the impact on driving performance,the driver response time,the target hit rate,the vehicle speed variation and the car following distance were measured with PDT. The results show that the use of in-vehicle information device can decrease the driver's response capacity and driving performance,that for a given driver,the response time measured when he or she drives and makes use of the touch panel is 167 ms longer than that measured when he or she drives and makes use of the key-press type,and the PDT target hit rate is 10% lower,that the use of the touch panel also has a pronounced influence on the speed maintenance and car following maintenance capacity,and that the use of the vehicle information device with touch panel requires more psychological resources,and decreases reaction on both sides of the field of view of information stimulation,therefore the use of the touch panel has a significantly negative influence on the driving safety.
To investigate the influence of the use of in-vehicle information devices on driving behavior,driving distraction experiments were performed by using a virtual driving simulation platform,a key press type radio,and a touch panel radio among others. In order to evaluate psychological resources driving distraction demands and the impact on driving performance,the driver response time,the target hit rate,the vehicle speed variation and the car following distance were measured with PDT. The results show that the use of in-vehicle information device can decrease the driver's response capacity and driving performance,that for a given driver,the response time measured when he or she drives and makes use of the touch panel is 167 ms longer than that measured when he or she drives and makes use of the key-press type,and the PDT target hit rate is 10% lower,that the use of the touch panel also has a pronounced influence on the speed maintenance and car following maintenance capacity,and that the use of the vehicle information device with touch panel requires more psychological resources,and decreases reaction on both sides of the field of view of information stimulation,therefore the use of the touch panel has a significantly negative influence on the driving safety.
引文
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[12]刘雪婷.基于驾驶分心行为的车载信息装置测评研究[D].北京理工大学,2016.LIU Xueting.Research on evaluation of in-vehicle electronic device based on drive distraction behavior[D].Beijing Institute of Technology,2016.
[2]KIRCHER Katja.Driver distraction:a review of the literature[EB/OL].[2017-08-20].http://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:675328/FULLTEXT01.
[3]NHTSA's National Center for Statistics and Analysis.Distracted driving 2014[EB/OL].[2017-06-09].https://crashstats.nhtsa.dot.gov/Api/Public/View Publication/812260.
[4]NHTSA.Distracted driving[EB/OL].[2017-06-09].https://www.nhtsa.gov/risky-driving/distracted-driving.
[5]FOSS D Robert,GOODWIN H Arthur.Distracted driver behaviors and distracting conditions among adolescent drivers:findings from a naturalistic driving study[J].Journal of Adolescent Health,2014,54(5):50-60.
[6]ZWAHLEN T Helmut,ADAMS C Charles,DEBALD P David.Safety aspects of CRT touch panel controls in automobiles[C].Vision in Vehicle II.Elsevier,1988:335-344.
[7]施臻彦,葛列众,胡晓晴.驾驶分心行为的测量方法及其应用研究进展[J].人类工效学,2010,16(3):70-74.SHI Zhenyan,GE Liezhong,HU Xiaoqing.Progress in researches on the measurement methods of distracted driving behavior and their application[J].Chinese Journal of Ergonomics,2010,16(3):70-74.
[8]RANNEY A Thomas,HARBLUK L Joanne,NOY Ian.Effects of voice technology on test track driving performance:implications for driver distraction[J].Human Factors,2005,47(2):439-454.
[9]HARMS Lisbeth,PATTEN Christopher.Peripheral detection as a measure of driver distraction:a study of memory-based versus system-based navigation in a built-up area[J].Transportation Research Part F,2003,6(1):23-36.
[10]刘宁,张侃.驾驶分心的测量方法[J].人类工效学,2007,13(2):38-40.LIU Ning,ZHANG Kan.Measurements of distracted driving[J].Chinese Journal of Ergonomics,2007,13(2):38-40.
[11]马锦飞,常若松,陈晓晨.认知分心对驾驶安全的影响及调节因素[J].人类工效学,2014,20(1):92-95.MA Jinfei,CHANG Ruosong,CHEN Xiaochen.The effect of cognitive distraction on driving safety and adjustment factors[J].Chinese Journal of Ergonomics,2014,20(1):92-95.
[12]刘雪婷.基于驾驶分心行为的车载信息装置测评研究[D].北京理工大学,2016.LIU Xueting.Research on evaluation of in-vehicle electronic device based on drive distraction behavior[D].Beijing Institute of Technology,2016.