基于并联LCC分流及反压抑制的柔性直流输电故障清除策略
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摘要
为加快双极型模块化多电平换流器直流输电技术(MMC-HVDC)直流侧故障清除速度、抑制短路电流峰值,提出一种单端单极MMC并联电网换相换流器(LCC)的拓扑结构。首先根据故障电流曲线解释了不同时刻混合开关动作意义,然后对LCC分流、LCC输出反压阶段的相关参数进行分析;针对所提拓扑的换流器、低压换相开关(LVCS)的附加成本和损耗进行分析,并与常见的可清除直流侧故障的换流器拓扑进行对比,以分析其工程可行性。最后通过PSCAD/EMTDC搭建仿真模型,验证了所提方案的有效性,并在故障清除速度、故障电流峰值等方面与不同故障清除策略进行比较。结果表明,所提故障清除策略可在15 ms内清除直流故障,故障电流峰值为额定值的4～5倍,相比于无故障自清除能力的换流器拓扑而言有一定改进。
In order to speed up eliminating DC side fault of bipolar MMC-HVDC, and suppress the short-circuit current, we proposed a topology of an MMC parallel LCC. Firstly, according to the curves of DC fault current, the meanings of the hybrid switching at different moments were explained. Then the key parameters of LCC shunting and LCC outputs inverse voltage were analyzed. The additional costs and losses of the converter and LVCS were analyzed and compared with common topologies that can eliminate DC side faults for analyzing their engineering feasibility. Finally, a simulation model was built by PSCAD/EMTDC to verify the effectiveness of the proposed scheme and compared it with different schemes in terms of fault clearing speed and peak fault current. The results show that the proposed strategy can eliminate the DC fault within 15 ms, and the fault current peak value is 4～5 times the rating value, which is a certain improvement compared with the converter topology without fault self-clearing ability.
In order to speed up eliminating DC side fault of bipolar MMC-HVDC, and suppress the short-circuit current, we proposed a topology of an MMC parallel LCC. Firstly, according to the curves of DC fault current, the meanings of the hybrid switching at different moments were explained. Then the key parameters of LCC shunting and LCC outputs inverse voltage were analyzed. The additional costs and losses of the converter and LVCS were analyzed and compared with common topologies that can eliminate DC side faults for analyzing their engineering feasibility. Finally, a simulation model was built by PSCAD/EMTDC to verify the effectiveness of the proposed scheme and compared it with different schemes in terms of fault clearing speed and peak fault current. The results show that the proposed strategy can eliminate the DC fault within 15 ms, and the fault current peak value is 4～5 times the rating value, which is a certain improvement compared with the converter topology without fault self-clearing ability.
引文
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[8]李斌,何佳伟.柔性直流配电系统故障分析及限流方法[J].中国电机工程学报,2015,35(12):3026-3036.LI Bin,HE Jiawei.DC fault analysis and current limiting technique for VSC-based dc distribution system[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2015,35(12):3026-3036.
[9]LI X,SONG Q,LIU W,et al.Protection of nonpermanent faults on DC overhead lines in MMC-based HVDC systems[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2013,28(1):483-490.
[10]郭晓茜,崔翔,齐磊.架空线双极MMC-HVDC系统直流短路故障分析和保护[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(8):2177-2184.GUO Xiaoqian,CUI Xiang,QI Lei,et al.DC short-circuit fault analysis and protection for the overhead line bipolar MMC-HVDCsystem[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(8):2177-2184.
[11]罗永捷,李耀华,李子欣,等.全桥型MMC-HVDC直流短路故障穿越控制保护策略[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(7):1933-1943.LUO Yongjie,LI Yaohua,LI Zixin,et al.DC short-circuit fault ride-through control strategy of full-bridge MMC-HVDC systems[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2016,36(7):1993-1943.
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[13]李斌,李晔,何佳伟.基于模块化多电平换流器的直流系统故障处理方案[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(7):1944-1950.LI Bin,LI Ye,HE Jiawei.DC fault handling scheme for the MMC-based DC system[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2016,36(7):1944-1950.
[14]宋强,杨文博,李笑倩,等.集成直流断路器功能的模块化多电平换流器[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(20):6004-6013.SONG Qiang,YANG Wenbo,LI Xiaoqian,et al.An MMC topology integrated with DC circuit breaker[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(20):6004-6013.
[15]XU Z,WANG S,XIAO H.Hybrid high-voltage direct current topology with line commutated converter and modular multilevel converter in series connection suitable for bulk power overhead line transmission[J].IET Power Electronics,2016,9(12):2307-2317.
[16]李道洋,吴金龙,张浩,等.新型电压源换流器直流故障穿越能力综合评价指标[J].电网技术,2017,41(10):3201-3208.LI Daoyang,WU Jinlong,ZHANG Hao,et al.Comprehensive evaluation index of DC fault ride-through capability for novel voltage source converter[J].Power System Technology,2017,41(10):3201-3208.
[17]ABB 5SNA-2000K450300 StakPak IGBT module,doc.no.5SYA1431-00[EB/OL].[2018-08-15].Available:http://new.abb.com/semiconductors/
[18]LIU J,TAI N,FAN C,et al.A hybrid current-limiting circuit for DCline fault in multi-terminal VSC-HVDC system[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2017,64(7):5595-5607.
[2]马文忠,王晓,孙迎新,等.基于二极管钳位逆阻型双子模块的MMC直流故障自清除策略[J].高电压技术,2018,44(7):2143-2149.MA Wenzhong,WANG Xiao,SUN Yingxin,et al.MMC DC fault current self-cleaning strategy based on diode reverse blocking double sub-module[J].High Voltage Engineering,2018,44(7):2143-2149.
[3]陈名,徐惠,张祖安,等.耦合型机械式高压直流断路器设计及仿真[J].高电压技术,2018,44(2):380-387.CHEN Ming,XU Hui,ZHANG Zu’an,et al.Design and simulation of coupling mechanical high voltage DC circuit breaker[J].High Voltage Engineering,2018,44(2):380-387.
[4]杜翼,江道灼,郑欢,等.基于电力电子复合开关的限流式混合直流断路器参数设计[J].电力系统自动化,2015,39(11):88-95.DU Yi,JIANG Daozhuo,ZHENG Huan,et al.Parameter designing of current limiting DC hybrid circuit breaker based on combinatorial electronic switch[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2015,39(11):88-95.
[5]郭敬梅,曾德辉,王钢,等.基于辅助电路的MMC-HVDC直流故障处理策略[J].电力系统自动化,2016,40(16):90-97.GUO Jingmei,ZENG Dehui,WANG Gang,et al.Auxiliary equipment based processing strategy for MMC-HVDC DC faults[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2016,40(16):90-97.
[6]CUI S,SUL S K.A comprehensive DC short-circuit fault ride through strategy of hybrid modular multilevel converters(MMCs)for overhead line transmission[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2016,31(11):7780-7796.
[7]徐政,刘高任,张哲任.柔性直流输电网的故障保护原理研究[J].高电压技术,2017,43(1):1-8.XU Zheng,LIU Gaoren,ZHANG Zheren.Research on fault protection principle of DC grids[J].High Voltage Engineering,2017,43(1):1-8.
[8]李斌,何佳伟.柔性直流配电系统故障分析及限流方法[J].中国电机工程学报,2015,35(12):3026-3036.LI Bin,HE Jiawei.DC fault analysis and current limiting technique for VSC-based dc distribution system[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2015,35(12):3026-3036.
[9]LI X,SONG Q,LIU W,et al.Protection of nonpermanent faults on DC overhead lines in MMC-based HVDC systems[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2013,28(1):483-490.
[10]郭晓茜,崔翔,齐磊.架空线双极MMC-HVDC系统直流短路故障分析和保护[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(8):2177-2184.GUO Xiaoqian,CUI Xiang,QI Lei,et al.DC short-circuit fault analysis and protection for the overhead line bipolar MMC-HVDCsystem[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(8):2177-2184.
[11]罗永捷,李耀华,李子欣,等.全桥型MMC-HVDC直流短路故障穿越控制保护策略[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(7):1933-1943.LUO Yongjie,LI Yaohua,LI Zixin,et al.DC short-circuit fault ride-through control strategy of full-bridge MMC-HVDC systems[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2016,36(7):1993-1943.
[12]GOWAID I A.A low-loss hybrid bypass for DC fault protection of modular multilevel converters[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2016,32(2):599-608.
[13]李斌,李晔,何佳伟.基于模块化多电平换流器的直流系统故障处理方案[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(7):1944-1950.LI Bin,LI Ye,HE Jiawei.DC fault handling scheme for the MMC-based DC system[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2016,36(7):1944-1950.
[14]宋强,杨文博,李笑倩,等.集成直流断路器功能的模块化多电平换流器[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(20):6004-6013.SONG Qiang,YANG Wenbo,LI Xiaoqian,et al.An MMC topology integrated with DC circuit breaker[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(20):6004-6013.
[15]XU Z,WANG S,XIAO H.Hybrid high-voltage direct current topology with line commutated converter and modular multilevel converter in series connection suitable for bulk power overhead line transmission[J].IET Power Electronics,2016,9(12):2307-2317.
[16]李道洋,吴金龙,张浩,等.新型电压源换流器直流故障穿越能力综合评价指标[J].电网技术,2017,41(10):3201-3208.LI Daoyang,WU Jinlong,ZHANG Hao,et al.Comprehensive evaluation index of DC fault ride-through capability for novel voltage source converter[J].Power System Technology,2017,41(10):3201-3208.
[17]ABB 5SNA-2000K450300 StakPak IGBT module,doc.no.5SYA1431-00[EB/OL].[2018-08-15].Available:http://new.abb.com/semiconductors/
[18]LIU J,TAI N,FAN C,et al.A hybrid current-limiting circuit for DCline fault in multi-terminal VSC-HVDC system[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2017,64(7):5595-5607.