外源赤霉素和多效唑对芍药冬季鳞芽发育的影响
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摘要
以目前芍药(Paeonia lactiflora)主栽品种‘紫凤羽’为供试材料,在冬季用300 mg·L~(-1)赤霉素(GA_3)及其延缓剂多效唑(PP_(333))进行灌根处理,待对照组进入蕾期对PP_(333)处理组施以300 mg·L~(-1) GA_3作解除处理,每隔10 d对各处理组鳞芽取样,测定其超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性以及丙二醛(MDA)、可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖、内源玉米素(ZT)、赤霉素(GA_3)、脱落酸(ABA)、吲哚乙酸(IAA)、乙烯(ETH)、多胺等的含量,采用石蜡切片对鳞芽发育状态进行观察,对各处理组鳞芽出土日期、出芽率、成花率、花期及株高进行观察统计。结果表明:外源GA_3会加快抗氧化酶活性变化速度,降低MDA含量,提高可溶性糖及可溶性蛋白的积累及利用,促进亚精胺(Spd)积累,在鳞芽发育初期提高了内源GA_3及ZT含量,在后期降低了其含量,内源IAA、ABA、ETH的含量也呈降低趋势,缩短了花瓣原基(petal primordium)分化期,促进了鳞芽发育进程,而PP_(333)与之相反,延长了花瓣原基分化期,抑制鳞芽发育;试验数据显示高浓度GA_3、ZT利于鳞芽发育启动,低浓度GA_3、ZT、IAA、ABA、ETH利于启动后的发育进程,且内源多胺调控芍药鳞芽发育时,其中Spd起主导作用。本文旨在为芍药花期调控提供参考依据,以期根据市场需求制定芍药花期的综合调控方案。
In this study,herbaceous peony(Paeonia lactiflora)cultivar‘Zifengyu’was sprayed with exogenous gibberellin A3(GA_3)and GA_3 biosynthesis inhibitor paclobutrazol(PP_(333)),and then GA_3 was sprayed to the PP_(333 )treatment group to remove the role of PP_(333 )while the control group was in bud stage.The bulbils of each treatment were selected every 10 days to investigate dynamic changes of endogenous hormones and polyamines,activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD),peroxidase(POD)and catalase(CAT),and contents of malondialdehyde(MDA),soluble protein and soluble sugar.The development state of bulbils was observed with paraffin section in winter.Then the unearthed date,budding rate,early flowering period and flowering rate of the peonies in each treatment were recorded.We can draw the conclusion that:exogenous GA_3 accelerated the changing speed of antioxidant enzyme activities and reduced MDA content,enhanced accumulation and utilization of soluble sugar and soluble protein,and promoted accumulation of spermidine(Spd),raised contents of GA_(3 )and zeatin(ZT)in early development of bulbils and then declined later.Meanwhile exogenous GA_(3 )reduced contents of indole-3-acetic acid(IAA),abscisic acid(ABA)and ethylene(ETH),and shorten the periods of petals primitive differentiation,thus promoted the development of bulbils.However,the role of PP_(333) was in contrast.Polyamine regulated the development of bulbils,while Spd plays a leading role in this process.High concentrations of GA_(3 )and ZT were conducive to the development startup of bulbils,whereas low concentrations of GA_3,ZT,IAA,ABA and ETH were conducive to the process after the development startup.This study aims to provide relevant basis for herbaceous peony flowering regulation,and make the comprehensive regulating plan of the flowering date of herbaceous peony according to market demands.
In this study,herbaceous peony(Paeonia lactiflora)cultivar‘Zifengyu’was sprayed with exogenous gibberellin A3(GA_3)and GA_3 biosynthesis inhibitor paclobutrazol(PP_(333)),and then GA_3 was sprayed to the PP_(333 )treatment group to remove the role of PP_(333 )while the control group was in bud stage.The bulbils of each treatment were selected every 10 days to investigate dynamic changes of endogenous hormones and polyamines,activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD),peroxidase(POD)and catalase(CAT),and contents of malondialdehyde(MDA),soluble protein and soluble sugar.The development state of bulbils was observed with paraffin section in winter.Then the unearthed date,budding rate,early flowering period and flowering rate of the peonies in each treatment were recorded.We can draw the conclusion that:exogenous GA_3 accelerated the changing speed of antioxidant enzyme activities and reduced MDA content,enhanced accumulation and utilization of soluble sugar and soluble protein,and promoted accumulation of spermidine(Spd),raised contents of GA_(3 )and zeatin(ZT)in early development of bulbils and then declined later.Meanwhile exogenous GA_(3 )reduced contents of indole-3-acetic acid(IAA),abscisic acid(ABA)and ethylene(ETH),and shorten the periods of petals primitive differentiation,thus promoted the development of bulbils.However,the role of PP_(333) was in contrast.Polyamine regulated the development of bulbils,while Spd plays a leading role in this process.High concentrations of GA_(3 )and ZT were conducive to the development startup of bulbils,whereas low concentrations of GA_3,ZT,IAA,ABA and ETH were conducive to the process after the development startup.This study aims to provide relevant basis for herbaceous peony flowering regulation,and make the comprehensive regulating plan of the flowering date of herbaceous peony according to market demands.
引文
Cang J,Zhao H(2013).Experimental Course of Plant Physiology.Beijing:Higher Education Press,85-153(in Chinese)[苍晶,赵会杰(2013).植物生理学实验教程.北京:高等教育出版社,85-153]
Cao S,Tang Y,Jiang A(2001).Effects of PP333 and GA3 on the mechanism of flower bud induction in apple tree.Acta Hortic Sin,28(4):339-341(in Chinese with English abstract)[曹尚银,汤一卒,江爱华(2001).GA3和PP333调控苹果花芽孕育机理的研究.园艺学报,28(4):339-341]
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Evans MR,Anderson NO,Wilkins HF(1990).Temperature and GA3 effects on emergence and flowering of potted Paeonia lactiflora.Hort Science,25(8):923-924
Feng F,Yang JS(2011).Relationship between floral bud differentiation and endogenous hormones autumn-cutting Chrysanthemum morifolium‘Jinba’.Sci Agr Sin,44(3):552-561(in Chinese with English abstract)[冯枫,杨际双(2011).切花秋菊‘神马’花芽分化与内源激素的关系.中国农业科学,44(3):552-561]
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Kinet JM(1993).Environmental chemical and genetic control of flowering.Hortic Rev,15:279-334
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Cao S,Tang Y,Jiang A(2001).Effects of PP333 and GA3 on the mechanism of flower bud induction in apple tree.Acta Hortic Sin,28(4):339-341(in Chinese with English abstract)[曹尚银,汤一卒,江爱华(2001).GA3和PP333调控苹果花芽孕育机理的研究.园艺学报,28(4):339-341]
Cheng F,Zhang W,Yu X,et al(2005).Effect of gibberellin and rooting powder on the forcing culture of Paeonia lactiflora‘Da Fugui’.Acta Hortic Sin,6:1129-1132(in Chinese with English abstract)[成仿云,张文娟,于晓南等(2005).赤霉素及生根粉对芍药促成栽培的影响.园艺学报,6:1129-1132]
Cheng M(2008).Flower bud differentiation process and effects of exogenous GA3 on the flower bud development of introduced Paeonia lactiflora(dissertation).Changsha:Hunan Agricultural University(in Chinese with English abstract)[成明亮(2008).引种芍药的花芽分化及外源GA3对花芽发育的影响(学位论文).长沙:湖南农业大学]
Evans MR,Anderson NO,Wilkins HF(1990).Temperature and GA3 effects on emergence and flowering of potted Paeonia lactiflora.Hort Science,25(8):923-924
Feng F,Yang JS(2011).Relationship between floral bud differentiation and endogenous hormones autumn-cutting Chrysanthemum morifolium‘Jinba’.Sci Agr Sin,44(3):552-561(in Chinese with English abstract)[冯枫,杨际双(2011).切花秋菊‘神马’花芽分化与内源激素的关系.中国农业科学,44(3):552-561]
Halevy AH,Levi M,Cohen M,et al(2002).Evaluation of methods for flowering advancement of herbaceous peonies.Hort Science,37(6):885-889
Kinet JM(1993).Environmental chemical and genetic control of flowering.Hortic Rev,15:279-334
Kong DZ,Jin DD,Sun LN,et al(2008).The changes of enzyme activity during flower bud differentiation in Nelumbo nucifera.J Henan Agr Sci,37(4):97-99(in Chinese with English abstract)[孔德政,靳丹丹,孙丽娜等(2008).碗莲花芽分化过程中酶活性的变化.河南农业科学,37(4):97-99]
Li B,Li X,Sun Q,et al(2001).The changes of enzymes activity during the flower bud differentiation of‘Pingguoli’.Acta Hortic Sin,28(2):159-160(in Chinese with English abstract)[李秉真,李雄,孙庆林等(2001).苹果梨花芽分化期几种酶活性的变化.园艺学报,28(2):159-160]
Li J,Guo SX(2011).Changes of nutrient and enzyme activity during flower bud differentiation in Pacenia lactiflora Pall.North Hortic,(7):73-75(in Chinese with English abstract)[李静,郭绍霞(2011).芍药花芽分化期间营养物质与酶活性的变化.北方园艺,(7):73-75]
Li LL,Zhang SL(2006).Roles of polyamines in the formation and development of plant flowers.Acta Bot Boreal-Occident Sin,26(6):1282-1289(in Chinese with English abstract)[李六林,张绍铃(2006).多胺在植物花发育中的作用.西北植物学报,26(6):1282-1289]
Li YL,Gao ZH,Song J,et al(2017).Auxin response factor(ARF)and its functions in plant growth and development.Plant Physiol J,53(10):1842-1858(in Chinese with English abstract)[李艳林,高志红,宋娟等(2017).植物生长素响应因子ARF与生长发育.植物生理学报,53(10):1842-1858]
Liu J,Ji XJ,Liu YL(2002).High performance liquid chromatography method for measuring polyamine content in plant tissue.Plant Physiol Commun,38(6):596-598(in Chinese)[刘俊,吉晓佳,刘友良(2002).检测植物组织中多胺含量的高效液相色谱法.植物生理学通讯,38(6):596-598]
Liu ZY,Shen CZ,Dong YY(2006).Determination of ethylene release rate in rape by gas chromatography.Chem Bioeng,23(2):55-56(in Chinese with English abstract)[刘志勇,沈春章,董元彦(2006).气相色谱法速测油菜中的乙烯释放量.化学与生物工程,23(2):55-56]
Lv CP,Cheng ML,Mo NJ,et al(2009).Effects of exogenous GA3 on flower bud development of herbaceous peony.Crop Res,23(2):133-137(in Chinese with English abstract)[吕长平,成明亮,莫宁捷等(2009).外源GA3对芍药花芽发育的影响.作物研究,23(2):133-137]
Meng FC,Liu Y(2005).Research advance on forcing herbaceous peony.Acta Agr Boreali-Sin,20(S1):148-151(in Chinese with English abstract)[孟凡聪,刘燕(2005).芍药花期调控研究进展.华北农业报,20(S1):148-151]
Peng JL,Wang LL,Yang X(2001).Synergistic promotion of2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid and paclobutrazol to direct floral bud formation of the decapitated cucumber seedlings and the action site.Plant Physiol Commun,37(1):33-35(in Chinese)[庞基良,王利琳,杨霞等(2001).三碘苯甲酸和多效唑对黄瓜去顶苗直接成花的协同促进效应和作用部位.植物生理学通讯,37(1):33-35]
Petri?M,Jevremovi?S,Trifunovi?M(2013).The effect of low temperature and GA3 treatments on dormancy breaking and activity of antioxidant enzymes in Fritillaria meleagris bulblets cultured in vitro.Acta Physiol Plant,35:3223-3236
Qin J,Wei C,Yu Z,et al(2011).The Study of the relationship between cymbidium flower bud and hormones.Chin Agr Sci Bull,27(31):109-112(in Chinese with English abstract)[秦建彬,魏翠华,余祖云等(2011).大花蕙兰花芽分化与激素关系的研究.中国农学通报,27(31):109-112]
Qing K(2004).Herbaceous Peony.Beijing:China Forestry Press:1-41(in Chinese)[秦魁杰(2004).芍药.北京:中国林业出版社:1-41]
Rey M,Díaz-Sala C,Rodríguez R(1994).Exogenous polyamines improve rooting of hazel microshoots.Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult,36(3):303-308
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