无人机喷雾参数对粳稻冠层沉积量的影响及评估
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摘要
主要研究了植保无人机在水稻灌浆期喷施磷酸二氢钾(KH2PO4)的作业效果及八旋翼无人机喷雾参数对水稻叶片雾滴沉积分布的影响,测试分析了无人机在水稻灌浆期植保作业时雾滴的沉积效果。研究采用雾滴测试卡接收雾滴,通过调节无人机的作业高度进行雾滴沉积量评估试验。根据作业高度不同,共设计3组试验,高度分别是3、4、5m。结果表明:不同作业高度时,雾滴在水稻冠层和下层具有不同的沉积效果,且分布均匀性的变异系数也不同。作业高度5m时,雾滴在水稻叶片上的总沉积量最少,均匀性最差,冠层和下层的变异系数分别为92.11%、150.29%;作业高度3m时,雾滴在水稻叶片上的总沉积量高于4m和5m时的沉积量,均匀性较好,冠层和下层的变异系数分别为32.94%、49.47%。3组作业高度均显示:雾滴在水稻冠层的沉积量高于下层叶片,叶片正面的沉积量高于反面,叶片反面沉积量可达到正面叶片的1/2以上。本研究对八旋翼无人机高效利用、提高农药喷施作业效率、增加水稻产量具有深远的意义。
In order to explore the effect of spray droplet deposition and applications of multi- rotor unmanned aerial vehicle at late rice growth,spray test was done at different working heights. We used droplets test card receive droplets,and according to the different working height,three groups of experiment to be designed,respectively is 3 meters,4 meters and 5 meters. The analysis results showed that: In different working height,droplets in rice canopy and lower level had different sedimentary effect,and the distribution uniformity coefficient of variation was also different. The total quantity of droplet deposition at the targets reached minimum when the working height was 5 meters. Meanwhile,canopy and the lower blade had a largest coefficient of variation value of 92. 11%,150. 29%. The total quantity of droplet deposition at the targets reached maximum when the working height was 3 meters. Meanwhile,canopy and the lower blade had a smallest coefficient of variation value of 32. 94%,49. 47%. Three groups of tests showed height showed droplet deposition of rice was higher than the lower blade,blade side is higher than another side. The research also has a significance in reasonably spraying pesticide,increase rice production and improving the efficiency of spraying.
In order to explore the effect of spray droplet deposition and applications of multi- rotor unmanned aerial vehicle at late rice growth,spray test was done at different working heights. We used droplets test card receive droplets,and according to the different working height,three groups of experiment to be designed,respectively is 3 meters,4 meters and 5 meters. The analysis results showed that: In different working height,droplets in rice canopy and lower level had different sedimentary effect,and the distribution uniformity coefficient of variation was also different. The total quantity of droplet deposition at the targets reached minimum when the working height was 5 meters. Meanwhile,canopy and the lower blade had a largest coefficient of variation value of 92. 11%,150. 29%. The total quantity of droplet deposition at the targets reached maximum when the working height was 3 meters. Meanwhile,canopy and the lower blade had a smallest coefficient of variation value of 32. 94%,49. 47%. Three groups of tests showed height showed droplet deposition of rice was higher than the lower blade,blade side is higher than another side. The research also has a significance in reasonably spraying pesticide,increase rice production and improving the efficiency of spraying.
引文
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[14]Takeda Y,Hizukuri S,Juliano B O.Structures of rice amylopectins with low and high affinities for iodine[J].Carbohyd Res,1987,168:79-89.
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[19]傅泽田,祁力钧,王秀,等.农药喷施技术的优化[M].北京:中国农业科学技术出版社,2002:109-111.
[2]孙强,张三元,张俊国,等.东北水稻生产现状及对策[J].北方水稻,2010(2):72-74.
[3]刘宝山.东北水稻种植及其病虫害防治技术[J].科技传播,2010(24):168,152.
[4]龚艳,傅锡敏.现代农业中的航空施药技术[J].农业装备技术,2008(6):26-29.
[5]张东彦,兰玉彬,陈立平,等.中国农业航空施药技术研究进展与展望[J].农业机械学报,2014(10):53-59.
[6]Ebert T,Taylor R,Downer R,et al.Deposit structure and efficacy 2:Trichoplusis ni and Fipronil[J].Pesticide Science,1999,55:793-798.
[7]徐德进,顾中言,徐广春,等.药液表面张力与喷雾方法对雾滴在水稻植株上沉积的影响[J].中国水稻科学,2011,25(2):213-218.
[8]张伟,余晓伟,余泳昌.电动多旋翼飞行器的特点及其在农业中的应用[J].现代农业科技,2014(13):215-216,218.
[9]张京,何雄奎,宋坚利,等.无人驾驶直升机航空喷雾参数对雾滴沉积的影响[J].农业机械学报,2012(12):94-96.
[10]秦维彩,薛新宇,周立新,等.无人直升机喷雾参数对玉米冠层雾滴沉积分布的影响[J].农业工程学报,2014(5):50-56.
[11]Bird S L,Esterly D M,Perry S G.Off target deposition of pesticides from agricultural aerial spray applications[J].Journal of Environmental Quality,1995,25(5):1095-1104.
[12]Huang Y,Hoffmann W C,Lan Y,et al.Development of a spray system for an unmanned aerial vehicle platform[J].Applied Engineering in Agriculture,2009,25(6):803-809.
[13]薛新宇,屠康,兰玉彬,等.无人机高浓度施药对水稻品质的影响[J].农业机械学报,2013(12):94-98,79.
[14]Takeda Y,Hizukuri S,Juliano B O.Structures of rice amylopectins with low and high affinities for iodine[J].Carbohyd Res,1987,168:79-89.
[15]Helmi Z M,Affendi Suhaili and Shattri Mansor.The Performance of Maximum Likelihood,Spectral Angle Mapper,Neural Net-work and Decision Tree Classifiers in Hyperspectral Image Analysis[J].Journal of Computer Science,2007,3(6):419-423.
[16]邓书斌.ENVI遥感图像处理方法[M].北京:科学出版社,2010.
[17]范金城,梅长林.数据分析[M].北京:科学出版社,2002.
[18]刘丽霞,程红卫,陈温福.水稻叶片气孔分布与气孔密度的研究[J].沈阳农业大学学报,2000(4):313-317.
[19]傅泽田,祁力钧,王秀,等.农药喷施技术的优化[M].北京:中国农业科学技术出版社,2002:109-111.