Preparation and characterization of multimodal hybrid organic and inorganic nanocrystals of camptothecin and gold
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摘要
We demonstrate a novel inorganic-organic crystalline nanoconstruct, where gold atoms were imbedded in the crystal lattices as defects of camptothecin nanocrystals, suggesting its potential use as simultaneous agents for cancer therapy and bioimaging. The incorporation of gold, a potential computed tomography(CT) contrast agent, in the nanocrystals of camptothecin was detected by transmission electron microscope(TEM) and further quantified by energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry(EDS) and inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometers(ICP-OES). Due to gold's high attenuation coefficient, only a relatively small amount needs to be present in order to create a good noise-to-contrast ratio in CT imaging. The imbedded gold atoms and clusters are expected to share the same biological fate as the camptothecin nanocrystals, reaching and accumulating in tumor site due to the enhanced permeation and retention(EPR) effect.
We demonstrate a novel inorganic-organic crystalline nanoconstruct, where gold atoms were imbedded in the crystal lattices as defects of camptothecin nanocrystals, suggesting its potential use as simultaneous agents for cancer therapy and bioimaging. The incorporation of gold, a potential computed tomography(CT) contrast agent, in the nanocrystals of camptothecin was detected by transmission electron microscope(TEM) and further quantified by energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry(EDS) and inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometers(ICP-OES). Due to gold's high attenuation coefficient, only a relatively small amount needs to be present in order to create a good noise-to-contrast ratio in CT imaging. The imbedded gold atoms and clusters are expected to share the same biological fate as the camptothecin nanocrystals, reaching and accumulating in tumor site due to the enhanced permeation and retention(EPR) effect.
We demonstrate a novel inorganic-organic crystalline nanoconstruct, where gold atoms were imbedded in the crystal lattices as defects of camptothecin nanocrystals, suggesting its potential use as simultaneous agents for cancer therapy and bioimaging. The incorporation of gold, a potential computed tomography(CT) contrast agent, in the nanocrystals of camptothecin was detected by transmission electron microscope(TEM) and further quantified by energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry(EDS) and inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometers(ICP-OES). Due to gold's high attenuation coefficient, only a relatively small amount needs to be present in order to create a good noise-to-contrast ratio in CT imaging. The imbedded gold atoms and clusters are expected to share the same biological fate as the camptothecin nanocrystals, reaching and accumulating in tumor site due to the enhanced permeation and retention(EPR) effect.
引文
1.Sukhanova A,Nabiev I.Fluorescent nanocrystal-encoded microbeads for multiplexed cancer imaging and diagnosis.Crit Rev Oncol-Hemtol2008;68:39-59.
2.Sharrna P,Brown S,Walter G,Santra S,Moudgil B.Nanoparticles for bioimaging.Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2006;123:471-85.
3.Weng KC,Noble CO,Papahadjopoulos-Sternberg B,Chen FF,Drummond DC,Kirpotin DB,et al.Targeted tumor cell internalization and imaging of multifunctional quantum dot-conjugated immunoliposomes in vitro and in vivo.Nano Lett 2008;8:2851-7.
4.Choi HJ,Ju W,Myung SK,Kim Y.Diagnostic performance of computer tomography,magnetic resonance imaging,and positron emission tomography or positron emission tomography/computer tomography for detection of metastatic lymph nodes in patients with cervical cancer.Meta-analysis.Cancer Sci 2010;101:1471-9.
5.Basu S,Li GM,Alavi A.PET and PET-CT imaging of gynecological malignancies:present role and future promise.Expert Rev Anticancer2009;9:75-96.
6.Weber WA,Grosu AL,Czernin J.Technology insight:advanaces in molecular imaging and an appraisal of PET/CT scanning.Nat Clin Pract Oncol 2008;5:160-70.
7.Eck W,Nicholson AI,Zentgraf H,Semmler W,Bartling S.Anti-CD4-targeted gold nanoparticles induce specific contrast enhancement of peripheral lymph nodes in X-ray computed tomography of live mice.Nano Lett 2010;10:2318-22.
8.Christiansen C.X-ray contrast media-an overview.Toxicology2005;209:185-7.
9.Hosoya T,Yamaguchi K,Akutsu T,Mitsuhashi Y,Kondo S,Sugai Yet al.Delayed adverse reactions to iodinated contrast media and their risk factors.Radiat Med 2000;18:39-45.
10.Katayama H,Yamaguchi K,Kozuka T,Takashima T,Seez PMatsuura K.Adverse reactions to ionic and nonionic contrast media A report from the Japanese committee on the safety of contrast media Radiology 1990;175:621-8.
11.Hainfeld JF,Slatkin DN,Smilowitz HM.The use of gold nanoparticles to enhance radiotherapy in mice.Phys Med Biol 2004;49:N309-15.
12.Hainfeld JF,Slatkin DN,Focella TM,Smilowitz HM.Gold nanoparticles:a new X-ray contrast agent.Br J Rad 2006;79:248-53.
13.Popovtzer R,Agrawal A,Kotov NA,Popovtzer A,Balter J,Carey TEet al.Targeted gold nanoparticles enable molecular CT imaging of cancer.Nano Lett 2008;8:4593-6.
14.physics.nist.gov[Internet].Gaithersburg:National Institute of Standards and Technology(NIST)[Accessed 10 December 2017]Available from:?http://physics.nist.gov/PhysRefData/XrayMassCoef?.
15.Connor EE,Mwamuka J,Gole A,Murphy CJ,Wyatt MD.Gold nanoparticles are taken up by human cells but do not cause acute cytotoxicity.Small 2005;1:325-7.
16.Harrington KJ.Liposomal cancer chemotherapy:current clinica applications and future prospects.Expert Opin Investig Drugs2001;10:1045-61.
17.Puri A,Loomis K,Smith B,Lee JH,Yavlovich A,Heldman E,et al Lipid-based nanoparticles as pharmaceutical drug carriers:from concepts to clinic.Crit Rev Ther Drug Carr Syst 2009;26:523-80.
18.Tong R,Cheng JJ.Anticancer polymeric nanomedicines.Polym Rev2007;47:345-81.
19.Sutton D,Nasongkia N,Blanco E,Gao JM.Functionalized micellar systems for cancer targeted drug delivery.Pharm Res 2007;24:1029-46.
20.Torchilin VP.Micellar nanocarriers:pharmaceutical perspectives Pharm Res 2007;24:1-16.
21.Garcia-Fuentes M,Alonso MJ,Torres D.Design and characterization of a new drug nanocarrier made from solid-liquid lipid mixtures.JColloid Interface Sci 2005;285:590-8.
22.Mayer LD,Krishna R,Webb M,Bally M.Designing liposoma anticancer drug formulations for specific therapeutic applications.JLiposome Res 2000;10:99-115.
23.Gulati M,Grover M,Singh S,Singh M.Lipophilic drug derivatives in liposomes.Int J Pharm 1998;165:129-68.
24.Merisko-Liversidge E,Liversidge GG,Cooper ER.Nanosizing:a formulation approach for poorly-water-soluble compounds.Eur JPharm Sci 2003;18:113-20.
25.Maeda H.The enhanced permeability and retention(EPR)effect in tumor vasculature:the key role of tumor-selective macromolecular drug targeting.Adv Enzym Regul 2001;41:189-207.
26.Kahr B,Gurney RW.Dyeing crystals.Chem Rev 2001;101:893-951.
27.Garcia-Carbonero R,Supko JG.Current perspectives on the clinical experience,pharmacology,and continued development of the camptothecins.Clin Cancer Res 2002;8:641-61.
28.Sriram D,Yogeeswari P,Thirumurugan R,Bal TR.Camptothecin and its analogues:a review on their chemotherapeutic potential.Nat Prod Res 2005;19:393-412.
29.Adams VR,Burke TG.Camptothecins in Cancer Therapy.Danvers,MA:Humana Press Inc.;2005.
30.Zhang H,Hollis CP,Zhang Q,Li T.Preparation and antitumor study of camptothecin nanocrystals.Int J Pharm 2011;415:293-300.
31.Chen WX,Bardhan R,Bartels M,Perez-Torres C,Pautier RG,Halas NJ,et al.A molecularly targeted theranostic probe for ovarian cancer.Mol Cancer Ther 2010;9:1028-38.
32.Guo R,Li R,Zhang L,Jiang X,Liu B.Dual-functional alginic acid hybrid nanospheres for cell imaging and drug delivery.Small2009;5:709-17.
33.McFarland AD,Haynes CL,Mirkin CA,van Duyne RP,Godwin HA.Color my nanoworld.J Chem Ed 2004;81:544A.
34.Liu YL,Shipton MK,Ryan J,Kaufman ED,Franzen S,Feldheim DL.Synthesis,stability,and cellular internalization of gold nanoparticles containing mixed peptide-poly(ethylene glycol)monolayers.Anal Chem 2007;79:2221-9.
35.Dilmanian FA,Wu XY,Parsons EC,Ren B,Kress J,Button TM,et al.Single-and dual-energy CT with monochromatic synchrotron X-rays.Phys Med Biol 1997;42:371-87.
36.Hobbs SK,Monsky WL,Yuan F,Roberts WG,Griffith L,Torchilin VP,et al.Regulation of transport pathways in tumor vessels:role of tumor type and microenvironment.Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A1998;95:4607-12.
37.Hashizume H,Baluk P,Morikawa S,McLean JW,Thurston G,Roberge S,et al.Opening between defective endothelial cells explain tumor vessel leakiness.Am J Pathol 2000;156:1363-80.
2.Sharrna P,Brown S,Walter G,Santra S,Moudgil B.Nanoparticles for bioimaging.Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2006;123:471-85.
3.Weng KC,Noble CO,Papahadjopoulos-Sternberg B,Chen FF,Drummond DC,Kirpotin DB,et al.Targeted tumor cell internalization and imaging of multifunctional quantum dot-conjugated immunoliposomes in vitro and in vivo.Nano Lett 2008;8:2851-7.
4.Choi HJ,Ju W,Myung SK,Kim Y.Diagnostic performance of computer tomography,magnetic resonance imaging,and positron emission tomography or positron emission tomography/computer tomography for detection of metastatic lymph nodes in patients with cervical cancer.Meta-analysis.Cancer Sci 2010;101:1471-9.
5.Basu S,Li GM,Alavi A.PET and PET-CT imaging of gynecological malignancies:present role and future promise.Expert Rev Anticancer2009;9:75-96.
6.Weber WA,Grosu AL,Czernin J.Technology insight:advanaces in molecular imaging and an appraisal of PET/CT scanning.Nat Clin Pract Oncol 2008;5:160-70.
7.Eck W,Nicholson AI,Zentgraf H,Semmler W,Bartling S.Anti-CD4-targeted gold nanoparticles induce specific contrast enhancement of peripheral lymph nodes in X-ray computed tomography of live mice.Nano Lett 2010;10:2318-22.
8.Christiansen C.X-ray contrast media-an overview.Toxicology2005;209:185-7.
9.Hosoya T,Yamaguchi K,Akutsu T,Mitsuhashi Y,Kondo S,Sugai Yet al.Delayed adverse reactions to iodinated contrast media and their risk factors.Radiat Med 2000;18:39-45.
10.Katayama H,Yamaguchi K,Kozuka T,Takashima T,Seez PMatsuura K.Adverse reactions to ionic and nonionic contrast media A report from the Japanese committee on the safety of contrast media Radiology 1990;175:621-8.
11.Hainfeld JF,Slatkin DN,Smilowitz HM.The use of gold nanoparticles to enhance radiotherapy in mice.Phys Med Biol 2004;49:N309-15.
12.Hainfeld JF,Slatkin DN,Focella TM,Smilowitz HM.Gold nanoparticles:a new X-ray contrast agent.Br J Rad 2006;79:248-53.
13.Popovtzer R,Agrawal A,Kotov NA,Popovtzer A,Balter J,Carey TEet al.Targeted gold nanoparticles enable molecular CT imaging of cancer.Nano Lett 2008;8:4593-6.
14.physics.nist.gov[Internet].Gaithersburg:National Institute of Standards and Technology(NIST)[Accessed 10 December 2017]Available from:?http://physics.nist.gov/PhysRefData/XrayMassCoef?.
15.Connor EE,Mwamuka J,Gole A,Murphy CJ,Wyatt MD.Gold nanoparticles are taken up by human cells but do not cause acute cytotoxicity.Small 2005;1:325-7.
16.Harrington KJ.Liposomal cancer chemotherapy:current clinica applications and future prospects.Expert Opin Investig Drugs2001;10:1045-61.
17.Puri A,Loomis K,Smith B,Lee JH,Yavlovich A,Heldman E,et al Lipid-based nanoparticles as pharmaceutical drug carriers:from concepts to clinic.Crit Rev Ther Drug Carr Syst 2009;26:523-80.
18.Tong R,Cheng JJ.Anticancer polymeric nanomedicines.Polym Rev2007;47:345-81.
19.Sutton D,Nasongkia N,Blanco E,Gao JM.Functionalized micellar systems for cancer targeted drug delivery.Pharm Res 2007;24:1029-46.
20.Torchilin VP.Micellar nanocarriers:pharmaceutical perspectives Pharm Res 2007;24:1-16.
21.Garcia-Fuentes M,Alonso MJ,Torres D.Design and characterization of a new drug nanocarrier made from solid-liquid lipid mixtures.JColloid Interface Sci 2005;285:590-8.
22.Mayer LD,Krishna R,Webb M,Bally M.Designing liposoma anticancer drug formulations for specific therapeutic applications.JLiposome Res 2000;10:99-115.
23.Gulati M,Grover M,Singh S,Singh M.Lipophilic drug derivatives in liposomes.Int J Pharm 1998;165:129-68.
24.Merisko-Liversidge E,Liversidge GG,Cooper ER.Nanosizing:a formulation approach for poorly-water-soluble compounds.Eur JPharm Sci 2003;18:113-20.
25.Maeda H.The enhanced permeability and retention(EPR)effect in tumor vasculature:the key role of tumor-selective macromolecular drug targeting.Adv Enzym Regul 2001;41:189-207.
26.Kahr B,Gurney RW.Dyeing crystals.Chem Rev 2001;101:893-951.
27.Garcia-Carbonero R,Supko JG.Current perspectives on the clinical experience,pharmacology,and continued development of the camptothecins.Clin Cancer Res 2002;8:641-61.
28.Sriram D,Yogeeswari P,Thirumurugan R,Bal TR.Camptothecin and its analogues:a review on their chemotherapeutic potential.Nat Prod Res 2005;19:393-412.
29.Adams VR,Burke TG.Camptothecins in Cancer Therapy.Danvers,MA:Humana Press Inc.;2005.
30.Zhang H,Hollis CP,Zhang Q,Li T.Preparation and antitumor study of camptothecin nanocrystals.Int J Pharm 2011;415:293-300.
31.Chen WX,Bardhan R,Bartels M,Perez-Torres C,Pautier RG,Halas NJ,et al.A molecularly targeted theranostic probe for ovarian cancer.Mol Cancer Ther 2010;9:1028-38.
32.Guo R,Li R,Zhang L,Jiang X,Liu B.Dual-functional alginic acid hybrid nanospheres for cell imaging and drug delivery.Small2009;5:709-17.
33.McFarland AD,Haynes CL,Mirkin CA,van Duyne RP,Godwin HA.Color my nanoworld.J Chem Ed 2004;81:544A.
34.Liu YL,Shipton MK,Ryan J,Kaufman ED,Franzen S,Feldheim DL.Synthesis,stability,and cellular internalization of gold nanoparticles containing mixed peptide-poly(ethylene glycol)monolayers.Anal Chem 2007;79:2221-9.
35.Dilmanian FA,Wu XY,Parsons EC,Ren B,Kress J,Button TM,et al.Single-and dual-energy CT with monochromatic synchrotron X-rays.Phys Med Biol 1997;42:371-87.
36.Hobbs SK,Monsky WL,Yuan F,Roberts WG,Griffith L,Torchilin VP,et al.Regulation of transport pathways in tumor vessels:role of tumor type and microenvironment.Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A1998;95:4607-12.
37.Hashizume H,Baluk P,Morikawa S,McLean JW,Thurston G,Roberge S,et al.Opening between defective endothelial cells explain tumor vessel leakiness.Am J Pathol 2000;156:1363-80.