模拟氮沉降对克氏针茅和碱韭种间竞争的影响
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摘要
以克氏针茅和碱韭为研究对象,分析单播和混播种植方式下,氮沉降对两种植物地上生物量、地下生物量的影响,比较两种植物的竞争能力。结果表明:单播时,克氏针茅的株高随着施氮浓度的增加而上升且在施氮20 g/(m~2·yr)时显著高于其他处理(P<0.05),碱韭的株高在施氮20 g/(m~2·yr)时显著低于其他处理(P<0.05)。氮素对克氏针茅种群和碱韭种群都具有显著的调节效应,随着氮素梯度的增加,克氏针茅与碱韭的地上生物量、地下生物量、总生物量均有增加的趋势。克氏针茅对氮素添加的响应相比碱韭更明显,在单播时,克氏针茅在施氮10 g/(m~2·yr)时地上、地下及总生物量显著高于其他处理(P<0.05),混播时,克氏针茅在施氮20 g/(m~2·yr)时地上、地下及总生物量最大;在模拟氮沉降的过程中,克氏针茅与碱韭的种内竞争大于种间竞争,说明氮沉降对两者之间的竞争关系影响较小。
In order to study the effect of nitrogen deposition on the competition between two dominant species of the Stipa krylovii grassland of Hulun Buir. Pot control method with simulated nitrogen deposition was used in this experiment. S. krylovii and Allium polyrhizum were studied. The effects of nitrogen deposition on aboveground biomass and belowground biomass of the two plants were analyzed by monoculture and mixture, and the competitiveness of the two plants was compared. The results showed that plant height of S. krylovii increased with the increase of nitrogen concentration and was significantly higher than that of other treatments at 20 g/(m~2·yr)(P < 0.05) by monoculture. Plant height of A. polyrhizum was significantly lower than that of other treatments at 20 g/(m~2·yr)(P < 0.05). Nitrogen addition had a significant effect on the growth of the two species. With the addition of nitrogen, the aboveground biomass, underground biomass and total biomass increased significantly. The response of S. krylovii was more obvious than A. polyrhizum. The aboveground, underground and total biomass of S. krylovii were significantly higher than that of other treatments(P < 0.05) by monoculture at 10 g/(m~2·yr). The aboveground, underground and total biomass of S. krylovii were the largest by mixture at 20 g/(m~2·yr). In the process of simulating nitrogen deposition, the intraspecific competition between S. krylovii and A. polyrhizum is greater than that between species, it indicated that the nitrogen deposition will not change the competitive relationship between the two species.
In order to study the effect of nitrogen deposition on the competition between two dominant species of the Stipa krylovii grassland of Hulun Buir. Pot control method with simulated nitrogen deposition was used in this experiment. S. krylovii and Allium polyrhizum were studied. The effects of nitrogen deposition on aboveground biomass and belowground biomass of the two plants were analyzed by monoculture and mixture, and the competitiveness of the two plants was compared. The results showed that plant height of S. krylovii increased with the increase of nitrogen concentration and was significantly higher than that of other treatments at 20 g/(m~2·yr)(P < 0.05) by monoculture. Plant height of A. polyrhizum was significantly lower than that of other treatments at 20 g/(m~2·yr)(P < 0.05). Nitrogen addition had a significant effect on the growth of the two species. With the addition of nitrogen, the aboveground biomass, underground biomass and total biomass increased significantly. The response of S. krylovii was more obvious than A. polyrhizum. The aboveground, underground and total biomass of S. krylovii were significantly higher than that of other treatments(P < 0.05) by monoculture at 10 g/(m~2·yr). The aboveground, underground and total biomass of S. krylovii were the largest by mixture at 20 g/(m~2·yr). In the process of simulating nitrogen deposition, the intraspecific competition between S. krylovii and A. polyrhizum is greater than that between species, it indicated that the nitrogen deposition will not change the competitive relationship between the two species.
引文
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[6] 詹书侠, 郑淑霞, 王扬, 等. 羊草的地上地下功能性状对氮磷施肥梯度的响应及关联[J]. 植物生态学报,2016, 40(1):36-47.Zhan Shuxia, Zheng Shuxia, Wang Yang, et al. Response and correlation of above and below ground functional traits of Leymus chinensis to nitrogen and phosphorus additions[J]. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2016, 40(1):36-47.
[7] 高海燕, 红梅, 霍利霞,等.水氮耦合对荒漠草原植物物种多样性及生物量的影响[J]. 草业科学, 2018,35(1):36-45.Gao Haiyan, Hong Mei, Huo Lixia, et al. Effect of water and nitrogen interaction on plant species diversity and biomass in a desert grassland[J]. Pratacultural Science, 2018, 35(1):36-45.
[8] 甄莉娜, 王润梅, 杨俊霞,等. 丛枝菌根真菌与氮肥对羊草生长的影响[J]. 中国草地学报, 2018, 40(3):49-54.Zhen Lina, Wang Runmei, Yang Junxia, et al. Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi an nitrogen fertilizer on the growth of Leymus chinensis [J]. Chinese Journal of Grassland, 2018, 40(3):49-54.
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[13] Grace J B. On the measurement of plant competition intensity[J]. Ecology, 1995, 76(1):305-308.
[14] 杨倩, 王娓, 曾辉. 氮添加对内蒙古退化草地植物群落多样性和生物量的影响[J]. 植物生态学报, 2018, 42(4):430-441.Yang Qian, Wang Wei, Zeng Hui. Effects of nitrogen addition on the plant diversity and biomass of degraded grasslands of Nei Mongol, China[J]. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology. 2018, 42(4):430-441.
[15] 薄正熙, 游成铭, 胡中民,等. 氮素与水分添加对内蒙古温带典型草原生物量的影响[J]. 应用与环境生物学报, 2017, 23(4):658-664.Bo Zhengxi, You Chengming, Hu Zhongmin, et al. The influence of nitrogen and water addition on biomass in a typical steppe of Inner Mongolia[J].Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology, 2017, 23(4): 658-664.
[16] Galloway J N, Leach A M, Willem E J, et al. Nitrogen: the historical progression from ignorance to knowledge, with a view to future solutions[J]. Soil Research, 2017, 55(6):417-424.
[17] Ares A, Burner D M, Brauer D K. Soil phosphorus and water effects on growth, nutrient and carbohydrate concentrations, δ 13 C, and nodulation of mimosa (Albizia julibrissin, Durz.) on a highly weathered soil[J]. Agroforestry Systems, 2009, 76(2):317-325.
[18] 奇立敏, 宝音陶格涛, 李雅茹,等. 切根方式和氮素添加对退化羊草草地改良效果分析[J]. 中国草地学报, 2017, 39(4):67-71.Qi Limin, Baoyintaogetao, Li Yaru, et al. Improving effects of root cutting ways and nitrogen additions on degraded Leymus chinensis grassland in Inner Mongolia[J]. Chinese Journal of Grassland, 2017, 39(4):67-71.
[19] Bertness M D, Callaway R. Positive interactions in communities[J]. Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 1994, 9(5):191-193.
[20] 杜峰, 梁宗锁, 胡丽娟. 植物竞争研究综述 [J]. 生态学杂志, 2004, 24(3):157-163.Du Feng, Liang Zongsuo, Hu Lijuan. A review on plant competition[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2004, 24(3):157-163.
[21] 秦先燕, 谢永宏, 陈心胜. 湿地植物间竞争和促进互作的研究进展[J]. 生态学杂志, 2010, 29(1):117-123.Qin Xianyan, Xie Yonghong, Chen Xinsheng. Competition and facilitation among wetland plant[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2010, 29(1):117-123.
[22] 王敬龙, 史睿智, 夏菲,等. 藏沙蒿与茎直黄芪的竞争效应研究[J]. 中国草地学报, 2018,40(1):87-92.Wang Jinglong, Shi Ruizhi, Xia Fei, et al.Competitive effects between Artemisia wellbyihemsl and Astragalus strictus[J]. Chinese Journal of Grassland,2018, 40(1):87-92.
[2] Fowler, D., Coyle M, Skiba U, et al. The global nitrogen cycle in the 21st century[J]. Philosophical Transactions of The Royal Society B,2013, 368:164.
[3] Matson P, Hall S J. The globalization of nitrogen deposition: consequences for terrestrial ecosystems[J].Ambio, 2002, 31(2):113-119.
[4] Bobbink R, Hicks K, Galloway J, et al. Global assessment of nitrogen deposition effects on terrestrial plant diversity: a synthesis[J]. Ecological Applications, 2010, 20(1):30-59.
[5] 马全会. 氮沉降背景下放牧对草甸草原植物群落特征的影响[D]. 长春: 东北师范大学, 2015.Ma Quanhui. Effects of grazing on meadow grassland community under nitrogen deposition [D]. Changchun:Northeast Normal University, 2015.
[6] 詹书侠, 郑淑霞, 王扬, 等. 羊草的地上地下功能性状对氮磷施肥梯度的响应及关联[J]. 植物生态学报,2016, 40(1):36-47.Zhan Shuxia, Zheng Shuxia, Wang Yang, et al. Response and correlation of above and below ground functional traits of Leymus chinensis to nitrogen and phosphorus additions[J]. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2016, 40(1):36-47.
[7] 高海燕, 红梅, 霍利霞,等.水氮耦合对荒漠草原植物物种多样性及生物量的影响[J]. 草业科学, 2018,35(1):36-45.Gao Haiyan, Hong Mei, Huo Lixia, et al. Effect of water and nitrogen interaction on plant species diversity and biomass in a desert grassland[J]. Pratacultural Science, 2018, 35(1):36-45.
[8] 甄莉娜, 王润梅, 杨俊霞,等. 丛枝菌根真菌与氮肥对羊草生长的影响[J]. 中国草地学报, 2018, 40(3):49-54.Zhen Lina, Wang Runmei, Yang Junxia, et al. Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi an nitrogen fertilizer on the growth of Leymus chinensis [J]. Chinese Journal of Grassland, 2018, 40(3):49-54.
[9] Adler P B, Danielle S, Beard K H, et al. Competition and coexistence in plant communities: intraspecific competition is stronger than interspecific competition[J]. Ecology Letters, 2018, 21(9):1319-1329.
[10] Bottollier-Curtet M, Planty-Tabacchi A M, Tabacchi E. Competition between young exotic invasive and native dominant plant species: implications for invasions within riparian areas [J]. Journal of Vegetation Science, 2013, 24(6):1033-1042.
[11] Bozzolo F H, Lipson D A. Differential responses of native and exotic coastal sage scrub plant species to N additions and the soil microbial community[J]. Plant and Soil, 2013, 371(1-2):37-51.
[12] DE WIT C T. On Competition[J]. Verslagen Van Landboukundige Onderzoekingen, 1960(66): 1-82.
[13] Grace J B. On the measurement of plant competition intensity[J]. Ecology, 1995, 76(1):305-308.
[14] 杨倩, 王娓, 曾辉. 氮添加对内蒙古退化草地植物群落多样性和生物量的影响[J]. 植物生态学报, 2018, 42(4):430-441.Yang Qian, Wang Wei, Zeng Hui. Effects of nitrogen addition on the plant diversity and biomass of degraded grasslands of Nei Mongol, China[J]. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology. 2018, 42(4):430-441.
[15] 薄正熙, 游成铭, 胡中民,等. 氮素与水分添加对内蒙古温带典型草原生物量的影响[J]. 应用与环境生物学报, 2017, 23(4):658-664.Bo Zhengxi, You Chengming, Hu Zhongmin, et al. The influence of nitrogen and water addition on biomass in a typical steppe of Inner Mongolia[J].Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology, 2017, 23(4): 658-664.
[16] Galloway J N, Leach A M, Willem E J, et al. Nitrogen: the historical progression from ignorance to knowledge, with a view to future solutions[J]. Soil Research, 2017, 55(6):417-424.
[17] Ares A, Burner D M, Brauer D K. Soil phosphorus and water effects on growth, nutrient and carbohydrate concentrations, δ 13 C, and nodulation of mimosa (Albizia julibrissin, Durz.) on a highly weathered soil[J]. Agroforestry Systems, 2009, 76(2):317-325.
[18] 奇立敏, 宝音陶格涛, 李雅茹,等. 切根方式和氮素添加对退化羊草草地改良效果分析[J]. 中国草地学报, 2017, 39(4):67-71.Qi Limin, Baoyintaogetao, Li Yaru, et al. Improving effects of root cutting ways and nitrogen additions on degraded Leymus chinensis grassland in Inner Mongolia[J]. Chinese Journal of Grassland, 2017, 39(4):67-71.
[19] Bertness M D, Callaway R. Positive interactions in communities[J]. Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 1994, 9(5):191-193.
[20] 杜峰, 梁宗锁, 胡丽娟. 植物竞争研究综述 [J]. 生态学杂志, 2004, 24(3):157-163.Du Feng, Liang Zongsuo, Hu Lijuan. A review on plant competition[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2004, 24(3):157-163.
[21] 秦先燕, 谢永宏, 陈心胜. 湿地植物间竞争和促进互作的研究进展[J]. 生态学杂志, 2010, 29(1):117-123.Qin Xianyan, Xie Yonghong, Chen Xinsheng. Competition and facilitation among wetland plant[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2010, 29(1):117-123.
[22] 王敬龙, 史睿智, 夏菲,等. 藏沙蒿与茎直黄芪的竞争效应研究[J]. 中国草地学报, 2018,40(1):87-92.Wang Jinglong, Shi Ruizhi, Xia Fei, et al.Competitive effects between Artemisia wellbyihemsl and Astragalus strictus[J]. Chinese Journal of Grassland,2018, 40(1):87-92.