上海地区老年人骨质疏松危险因素知晓率及其患病率的研究
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摘要
目的调查上海地区60岁以上老年人,对其骨质疏松危险因素的知晓率及其患病率进行研究,进而加强骨质疏松症及其并发症防治教育宣传工作。方法对来我院及多家区中心医院就诊的840例60岁以上患者进行骨质疏松危险因素知晓问卷调查,并行腰椎骨密度检查。将840例检测结果按不同性别每间隔10岁为一年龄组,应用SPSS 20.0软件分析骨密度测量值、骨质疏松症患病率,及其危险因素患病率。结果上海地区60岁以上老年人对传统的骨质疏松危险因素知晓率较高,如低骨密度(100%)、缺钙(100%)、高龄(96.5%)、偏食(96.1%)、缺乏锻炼(85.1%)等;而对于临床偏专业性的危险因素知晓率较低,如吸烟/饮酒(36.5%)、肥胖(25.1%)、家族骨折史(14.9%)、跌倒/跌倒倾向(10.2%)、糖尿病(7.5%)、独居(6.7%)等。上海地区60岁以上老年人骨质疏松症患病危险因素由高到低依次为跌倒(51.7%)、高龄(43.4%)、独居者(34.1%)、糖尿病等基础疾病(30.5%)、低骨密度者(27.6%)、既往或者家族骨折史(22.8%)、超重(17.1%)、缺乏身体锻炼(13%)、嗜酒吸烟者(11.6%)。结论上海地区60岁以上老年人骨质疏松症患病率较高,对骨质疏松的高危因素认知程度普遍较低,两者呈负相关;亟需积极开展骨质疏松防治宣传教育工作。
Objective To investigate the awareness rate of risk factors and the prevalence rate of osteoporosis in elderly people over 60 years old in Shanghai, in order to strengthen the education of the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis and its complications. Methods A questionnaire investigation on the awareness rate of risk factors of osteoporosis was performed in840 participants aged over 60 years in our and several district central hospitals. Bone mineral density(BMD) of the lumbar vertebrae was measured. The subjects were grouped based on sex and age(10-year age difference between groups). BMD values, prevalence rate of osteoporosis, and the risk factors were analyzed using SPSS 19.0. Results Among people over 60 years living in Shanghai area, the awareness rate of traditional risk factors of osteoporosis was relatively high, such as low bone mineral density(100%), calcium deficiency(100%), advanced age(96.5%), dietary bias(96.1%), and lack of exercise(85.1%). However, the awareness rate of clinical risk factors was relatively low, including smoking or drinking(36.5%), obesity(25.1%), family fracture history(14.9%), fall(10.2%), diabetes(7.5%), and solitary(6.7%), etc. The prevalence rate of risk factors for osteoporosis in elderly people over 60 years in Shanghai from high to low was fall 51.7%, advanced age 43.4%, solitary 34.1%, diabetes 30.5 %, low bone mineral density 27.6%, family fracture history 22.8%, overweight 17.1%, lack of exercise 13%, and smoking or drinking 11.6%. Conclusion The prevalence rate of osteoporosis in elderly people over 60 years in Shanghai is high. The awareness rate of risk factors for osteoporosis is low. It is negatively correlative between the two factors, indicating that it is urgent to actively carry out an in-depth knowledge promotion of osteoporosis prevention and relevant education.
Objective To investigate the awareness rate of risk factors and the prevalence rate of osteoporosis in elderly people over 60 years old in Shanghai, in order to strengthen the education of the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis and its complications. Methods A questionnaire investigation on the awareness rate of risk factors of osteoporosis was performed in840 participants aged over 60 years in our and several district central hospitals. Bone mineral density(BMD) of the lumbar vertebrae was measured. The subjects were grouped based on sex and age(10-year age difference between groups). BMD values, prevalence rate of osteoporosis, and the risk factors were analyzed using SPSS 19.0. Results Among people over 60 years living in Shanghai area, the awareness rate of traditional risk factors of osteoporosis was relatively high, such as low bone mineral density(100%), calcium deficiency(100%), advanced age(96.5%), dietary bias(96.1%), and lack of exercise(85.1%). However, the awareness rate of clinical risk factors was relatively low, including smoking or drinking(36.5%), obesity(25.1%), family fracture history(14.9%), fall(10.2%), diabetes(7.5%), and solitary(6.7%), etc. The prevalence rate of risk factors for osteoporosis in elderly people over 60 years in Shanghai from high to low was fall 51.7%, advanced age 43.4%, solitary 34.1%, diabetes 30.5 %, low bone mineral density 27.6%, family fracture history 22.8%, overweight 17.1%, lack of exercise 13%, and smoking or drinking 11.6%. Conclusion The prevalence rate of osteoporosis in elderly people over 60 years in Shanghai is high. The awareness rate of risk factors for osteoporosis is low. It is negatively correlative between the two factors, indicating that it is urgent to actively carry out an in-depth knowledge promotion of osteoporosis prevention and relevant education.
引文
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[2] Chan D,Kwok A,Leung J,et al.Association between life events and change in depressive symptoms in Hong Kong Chinese elderly[J].J Affect Disord,2012,136(3):963-970.
[3] Ensrud KE,Schousboe JT.Clinical practice vertebral fractures[J].N Engl J Med,2011,364(17):1634.
[4] J?rvinen TL,Micha?lsson K,Aspenberg P,et al.Osteoporosis:the emperor has no clothes[J].J Intern Med,2015,277(6):662-673.
[5] Zhao JG,Zeng XT,Wang J,et al.Association between calcium or vitamin D supplementation and fracture incidence in community-dwelling older adults:A systematic review and Meta-analysis[J].JAMA,2017,318(24):2466-2482.
[6] Leslie WD,Johansson H,Kanis JA,et al.Lumbar spine texture enhances 10-year fracture probability assessment[J].Osteoporos Int,2014,25(9):2271-2277.
[7] Chandran M.Fracture risk assessment in clinical practice:Why do it?What to do it with?[J].J Clin Densitom,2017,20(3):274-279.
[8] Lin J,Yang Y,Fei Q,et al.Validation of three tools for identifying painful new osteoporotic vertebral fractures in older Chinese men:bone mineral density,Osteoporosis Self-Assessment Tool for Asians,and fracture risk assessment tool[J].Clin Interv Aging,2016,11:461-469.
[9] Rachner TD,Khosla S,Hofbauer LC.Osteoporosis:now and the future[J].Lancet,2011,377(9773):1276-1287.