有限理性公平数据交换协议的设计与仿真
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摘要
理性交换协议(REP)因使用了理想化的理性假设,在现实中有可能失效。为解决此协议失效的问题,基于与现实更为接近的有限理性假设(BRH),定义了有限理性公平概念,并首次基于BRH设计了有限理性公平数据交换协议(FDEP-BR)。理论分析表明,与REP相比,FDEP-BR虽然牺牲了一定效率(轮复杂度为O(l*v)),但具有容错性和有限理性公平性,能够抵抗非合作攻击。对FDEP-BR构造自动机模型,并改进经验加权吸引(EWA)学习模型的决策方式,设计了EWA学习决策算法;在此基础上,基于Jade-Repast集成平台对FDEP-BR进行了仿真,仿真结果表明FDEP-BR的均衡状态与预期具有一致性。
Rational exchange protocol may fail in reality because of the use of the idealized rationality hypothesis.In order to solve the protocol failure problem,based on bounded rationality hypothesis which is more consistent with the reality,the concept of bounded rational fairness was defined and fair data exchange protocol with bounded rationality(FDEP-BR)was designed for the first time.The theoretical analysis shows that the FDEP-BR can resist non-cooperative attack because of its fault-tolerance and bounded rationality fairness at the cost of round complexityΟ(l*v)compared with the rational exchange protocol.A finite automata model for FDEP-BR was constructed,the decision-making method for experiential weighted attraction(EWA)learning model was improved,and the EWA learning decision algorithm was designed.Then the FDEP-BR was simulated on the Jade-Repast integration platform.The simulation results show that the equilibrium state of the FDEP-BR is consistent with expectations.
Rational exchange protocol may fail in reality because of the use of the idealized rationality hypothesis.In order to solve the protocol failure problem,based on bounded rationality hypothesis which is more consistent with the reality,the concept of bounded rational fairness was defined and fair data exchange protocol with bounded rationality(FDEP-BR)was designed for the first time.The theoretical analysis shows that the FDEP-BR can resist non-cooperative attack because of its fault-tolerance and bounded rationality fairness at the cost of round complexityΟ(l*v)compared with the rational exchange protocol.A finite automata model for FDEP-BR was constructed,the decision-making method for experiential weighted attraction(EWA)learning model was improved,and the EWA learning decision algorithm was designed.Then the FDEP-BR was simulated on the Jade-Repast integration platform.The simulation results show that the equilibrium state of the FDEP-BR is consistent with expectations.
引文
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[24]NI S B.Design and Implementation of Two Kinds of Multi-agent Platform Integration Schemes[D].Kunming:Yunnan University,2015.(in Chinese)倪盛斌.两种多主体平台集成方案的设计与实现[D].昆明:云南大学,2015.
[2]SYVERSON P.Weakly secret bit commitment:Applications to lotteries and fair exchange[C]∥Proceedings of the 11th IEEEComputer Security Foundations Workshop.1998:2-13.
[3]BUTTY N L,HUBAUX J P.Toward a Formal Model of Fair Exchange-a Game Theoretic Approach Technical Report SSC/1999/039[R].Epfl,1999:1-16.
[4]BUTTY N L.Removing the financial incentive to cheat inmicro payment schemes[J].Electronics Letters,2000,36(2):132-133.
[5]BUTTY N L,JEAN-PIERRE H.Rational Exchange-A Formal Model Based on Game Theory[M]∥Electronic Commerce.Berlin:Springer,2001:114-126.
[6]BUTTY N L,HUBAUX J P,CˇAPKUN S.A Formal Model of Rational Exchange and Its Application to the Analysis of Syverson’s Protocol[J].Journal on Computer Security,2004,12(3-4):551-587.
[7]BUTTY N L,HUBAUX J P,CAPKUN S.A Formal Analysis of Syverson’s Rational Exchange Protocol[C]∥Computer Security Foundations Workshop(CSFW).IEEE,2002:193.
[8]ALCAIDE A,ESTEVEZ-TAPIADOR J M,HERNANDEZ-CA-STRO J C,et al.An extended model of rational exchange based on dynamic games of imperfect information[M]∥Emerging Trends in Information and Communication Security.Berlin:Springer,2006:396-408.
[9]ESTEVEZ-TAPIADOR JM,ALCAIDE A,HERNANDEZ-CAS-TRO J C,et al.Bayesian rational exchange[J].International Journal of Information Security,2008,7(1):85-100.
[10]ALCAIDE A,ESTEVEZ-TAPIADOR JM,HERNANDEZ-CAS-TRO J C,et al.A multi-party rational exchange protocol[C]∥Proceedings of Workshops on the Move to Meaningful Internet Systems.Berlin:Springer,2007:42-43.
[11]CAMPOS F A,PHAM V.Rational information exchange model:A new optimization approach for equilibrium computing[C]∥Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Modeling,Simulation,and Applied Optimization.IEEE,2015:1-6.
[12]TAO X,LI G,SUN D,et al.A game-theoretic model and analysis of data exchange protocols for Internet of Things in clouds[J].Future Generation Computer Systems,2016,76:582-589.
[13]LV Z,PENG C G,LIU H,et al.Rational fairness exchange protocols based on maximum entropy principle[J].Application Research of Computers,2014,31(2):563-567.(in Chinese)吕桢,彭长根,刘海,等.基于极大熵原理的理性公平交换协议[J].计算机应用研究,2014,31(2):563-567.
[14]LIU H,PENG C G,ZHANG H,et al.Game Logic Formal Model of Rational Secure Protocol[J].Computer Science,2015,42(9):118-126.(in Chinese)刘海,彭长根,张弘,等.一种理性安全协议的博弈逻辑描述模型[J].计算机科学,2015,42(9):118-126.
[15]NIU C C,PENG C G,LI X.Rational Model of Exchange Protocol and Its Mechanism Design on Fairness[J].Application Research of Computer,2017,34(5):1504-1508.(in Chinese)牛翠翠,彭长根,李新.一种交换协议的理性模型及其公平机制设计[J].计算机应用研究,2017,34(5):1504-1508.
[16]ZHAO J,WU X H,TAO J.A Rational Exchange Protocol Model Based on Dynamic Game[J].Computer Applications and Software,2011,28(7):121-124.(in Chinese)赵君,吴小红,陶杰.一种基于动态博弈的理性交换协议模型[J].计算机应用与软件,2011,28(7):121-124.
[17]ZHOU X,JIN J H,LI Y B,et al.Multi-Party Fair Exchange Protocol Based on Rational Secure Sharing[J].Journal of Information Engineering University,2016,17(6):705-708.(in Chinese)周燮,金江浩,李延斌,等.基于理性秘密共享的多方公平交换协议[J].信息工程大学学报,2016,17(6):705-708.
[18]SIMON H A.A Behavioral Model of Rational Choice[J].Quarterly Journal of Economics,1955,69(1):99-118.
[19]ELLSBERG D.Risk,Ambiguity,and the Savage Axioms[J].Quarterly Journal of Economics,1961,75(4):643-669.
[20]ALLAIS M,HAGEN O.Expected Utility Hypotheses and the Allais Paradox[J].Journal of the American Statistical Association,1979,79(385):224.
[21]HALPERN J,TEAGUE V.Rational secret sharing and multiparty computation:extendedabstract[C]∥Thirty-Sixth ACMSymposium on Theory of Computing.ACM,2004:623-632.
[22]TIAN Y,MA J,PENG C,et al.Secret Sharing Scheme with Fairness[C]∥IEEE International Conference on Trust,Security and Privacy in Computing and Communications.IEEE,2011:494-500.
[23]CAMERER C,HO T H.Experience-weighted Attraction Learning in Normal Form Games-Camerer-2003-Econometrica-Wiley Online Library[J].Econometrica,2010,67(4):827-874.
[24]NI S B.Design and Implementation of Two Kinds of Multi-agent Platform Integration Schemes[D].Kunming:Yunnan University,2015.(in Chinese)倪盛斌.两种多主体平台集成方案的设计与实现[D].昆明:云南大学,2015.