考虑N-1安全约束的含可再生能源输电网结构鲁棒优化
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摘要
为提高大规模可再生能源接入系统的运行经济与安全性,提出在考虑可再生能源接入的电力系统中通过输电网络结构优化,在保证安全运行约束的前提下,降低系统运行成本,提高可再生能源的消纳比例。研究将该优化问题分为经济调度问题和N-1校验问题,两个问题交替求解。经济调度问题对输电网结构和机组出力进行优化;N-1检验问题以系统失负荷为优化目标,并考虑重合一条线路作为应急手段。两个问题均可建立为两阶段鲁棒优化模型,利用Benders对偶法求解。进一步提出了模型求解的加速方法,适应于工程实际应用。对IEEE 39节点系统的仿真验证了所提方法的可行性和有效性。
To improve the operation economy and security of power system with the integration of large-scale renewable energy sources,the transmission topology optimization is studied to reduce the operation costs and improve the consumption capability of renewable energy with the satisfaction of security operation constraints at the same time.The problem is divided into an economic dispatch problem and an N-1checking problem,which are solved iteratively.The economic dispatch problem optimizes the transmission topology and generator outputs,while the N-1checking problem takes the loss of load as objective function,and considers switching back a transmission line that has been switched out as an emergency measure.The two problems are both formulated as two-stage robust optimization models, which are solved by Benders-dual method.Furthermore,some measures are proposed to speed up the solving process,which are suitable for engineering applications.Simulation results on the modified IEEE 39-bus test system demonstrate the applicability and effectiveness of the proposed method.
To improve the operation economy and security of power system with the integration of large-scale renewable energy sources,the transmission topology optimization is studied to reduce the operation costs and improve the consumption capability of renewable energy with the satisfaction of security operation constraints at the same time.The problem is divided into an economic dispatch problem and an N-1checking problem,which are solved iteratively.The economic dispatch problem optimizes the transmission topology and generator outputs,while the N-1checking problem takes the loss of load as objective function,and considers switching back a transmission line that has been switched out as an emergency measure.The two problems are both formulated as two-stage robust optimization models, which are solved by Benders-dual method.Furthermore,some measures are proposed to speed up the solving process,which are suitable for engineering applications.Simulation results on the modified IEEE 39-bus test system demonstrate the applicability and effectiveness of the proposed method.
引文
[1]国家发展和改革委员会能源研究所.中国2050高比例可再生能源发展情景暨途径研究[EB/OL].[2015-04-20].http://www.efchina.org/Reports-zh/china-2050-high-renewable-energy-penet ration-scenario-and-roadmap-study-zh.Energy Research Institute of National Development and Reform Commission.China 2050 high renewable energy penetration scenario and roadmap study[EB/OL].[2015-04-20].http://www. efchina. org/Reports-zh/china-2050-high-renewableenergy-penetration-scenario-and-roadmap-study-zh.
[2]国家能源局.2017年光伏发电新增装机5 306万千瓦居可再生能源之首[EB/OL].[2018-01-24].http://www.nea.gov.cn/2018-01/24/c_136920159.htm.National Energy Administration.New installed capacity of PV power generation was 53.06 GW in 2017,ranking the first among renewable energy sources[EB/OL].[2018-01-24].http://www.nea.gov.cn/2018-01/24/c_136920159.html.
[3]中国国家可再生能源中心.中国可再生能源展望2017[EB/OL].[2018-04-20].http://www.cnrec.org.cn/cbw/zh/2017-10-18-531.html.China National Renewable Energy Centre.China renewable energy outlook 2017[EB/OL].[2018-04-20].http://www.cnrec.org.cn/cbw/zh/2017-10-18-531.html.
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[5]Northeast Power Coordinating Council.Guidelines for inter-area voltage control[EB/OL].[2015-06-08].www.npcc.org/Standards/Guides%20Retired/B-03.pdf.
[6]ISO-NE.ISO New England operating procedure No.19:transmission operations[EB/OL].[2015-06-08].http://www.iso-ne.com/rules_proceds/operating/isone/op19/op19_rto_final.pdf.
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[8]白宏坤,李干生.关于电磁环网弱开环方式的探讨[J].电力系统保护与控制,2010,38(2):60-63.BAI Hongkun,LI Gansheng.Discussion on weak open-loop mode of electromagnetic loop[J].Power System Protection and Control,2010,38(2):60-63.
[9]PJM.Manual 3:transmission operations,revision:37,section5:index and operating procedures for PJM RTO operation[EB/OL].[2010-11-29].www.pjm.cpm/markets-and operations/compliance/nercstandards/~/media/documents/manuals/m03.ashx.
[10]ISO-NE.ISO New England outlook:smart grid is about consumers[EB/OL].[2018-04-20].http://www.isone.com/nwsiss/nwltrs/outlook/2009/outlook_may_2009_final.pdf.
[11]FISHER E B,O’NEILL R P,FERRIS M C.Optimal transmission switching[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2008,23(3):1346-1355.
[12]HEDMAN K W,FERRIS M C,O’NEILL R P,et al.Cooptimization of generation unit commitment and transmission switching with N-1reliability[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2010,25(2):1052-1063.
[13]OSTROWSKI J,WANG J,LIU C.Transmission switching with connectivity-ensuring constraints[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2014,29(6):2621-2627.
[14]HEDMAN K W,O’NEILL R P,FISHER E B,et al.Optimal transmission switching with contingency analysis[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2009,24(3):1577-1586.
[15]KHANABADI M, GHASEMI H, DOOSTIZADEH M.Optimal transmission switching considering voltage security and N-1contingency analysis[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2013,28(1):542-550.
[16]HAN J,PAPAVASILIOU A.The impacts of transmission topology control on the European electricity network[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2016,31(1):496-507.
[17]NIKOOBAKHT A, MARDANEH M,AGHAEI J,et al.Flexible power system operation accommodating uncertain wind power generation using transmission topology control:an improved linearised AC SCUC model[J].IET Generation,Transmission&Distribution,2017,11(1):142-153.
[18]NASROLAHPOUR E,GHASEMI H.A stochastic security constrained unit commitment model for reconfigurable networks with high wind power penetration[J].Electric Power Systems Research,2015,121:341-350.
[19]QIU F,WANG J.Chance-constrained transmission switching with guaranteed wind power utilization[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2015,30(3):1270-1278.
[20]DEHGHANIAN P,KEZUNOVIC M.Probabilistic decision making for the bulk power system optimal topology control[J].IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid,2016,7(4):2071-2081.
[21]徐秋实,邓长虹,赵维兴,等.含风电电力系统的多场景鲁棒调度方法[J].电网技术,2014,38(3):653-661.32XU Qiushi,DENG Changhong,ZHAO Weixing,et al.A multi-scenario robust dispatch method for power grid integrated with wind farms[J].Power System Technology,2014,38(3):653-661.
[22]魏韡,刘锋,梅生伟.电力系统鲁棒经济调度:(一)理论基础[J].电力系统自动化,2013,37(17):37-43.WEI Wei,LIU Feng,MEI Shengwei.Robust and economic scheduling methodology for power systems:Part one theoretical foundations[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2013,37(17):37-43
[23]于丹文,杨明,翟鹤峰,等.鲁棒优化在电力系统调度决策中的应用研究综述[J].电力系统自动化,2016,40(7):134-143.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20150728008.YU Danwen,YANG Ming,ZHAI Hefeng,et al.An overview of optimization used for power system dispatch and decisionmaking[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2016,40(7):134-143.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20150728008.
[24]ZHAO C,WANG J,WATSON J P,et al.Multi-stage robust unit commitment considering wind and demand response uncertainties[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2013,28(3):2708-2717.
[25]DING T,LIU S,YUAN W,et al.A two-stage robust reactive poweroptimizationconsideringuncertainwindpower integration in active distribution networks[J].JIEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy,2016,7(1):301-311.
[26]DEHGHAN S,AMJADY N.Robust transmission and energy storage expansion planning in wind farm-integrated power systems considering transmission switching[J].IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy,2016,7(2):765-774.
[27]KORAD A S,HEDMAN K W.Robust corrective topology control for system reliability[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2013,28(4):4042-4051.
[28]DING T,ZHAO C.Robust optimal transmission switching with the consideration of corrective actions for N-k contingencies[J]. IETGeneration, Transmission&Distribution,2016,10(13):3288-3295
[29]TAHERI M H,DEHGHAN S,HEIDARIFAR M,et al.Adaptive robust optimal transmission switching considering the uncertainty of net nodal electricity demands[J].IEEE Systems Journal,2017,11(4):2872-2881.
[30]BOUFFARD F, GALIANA F D.Stochastic security for operations planning with significant wind power generation[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2008,23(2),306-316.
[31]ZENG B,ZHAO L.Solving two-stage robust optimization problems using a column-and-constraint generation method[J].Operations Research Letters,2013,41(5):457-461.
[32]BETSIMAS D, SIM M.The price of robustness[J].Operations Research,2004,52(1):35-53.
[33]HU Z, WANG X,CHEN H,et al.Volt/Var control in distribution systems using a time-interval based approach[J].IEE Proceedings-Generation,Transmission and Distribution,2003,150(5):548-554.
[2]国家能源局.2017年光伏发电新增装机5 306万千瓦居可再生能源之首[EB/OL].[2018-01-24].http://www.nea.gov.cn/2018-01/24/c_136920159.htm.National Energy Administration.New installed capacity of PV power generation was 53.06 GW in 2017,ranking the first among renewable energy sources[EB/OL].[2018-01-24].http://www.nea.gov.cn/2018-01/24/c_136920159.html.
[3]中国国家可再生能源中心.中国可再生能源展望2017[EB/OL].[2018-04-20].http://www.cnrec.org.cn/cbw/zh/2017-10-18-531.html.China National Renewable Energy Centre.China renewable energy outlook 2017[EB/OL].[2018-04-20].http://www.cnrec.org.cn/cbw/zh/2017-10-18-531.html.
[4]HEDMAN K W,OREN S S,O’NEILL R P.A review of transmission switching and network topology optimization[C]//Power and Energy Society General Meeting,July 24-29,2011,Detroit,USA:1-7.
[5]Northeast Power Coordinating Council.Guidelines for inter-area voltage control[EB/OL].[2015-06-08].www.npcc.org/Standards/Guides%20Retired/B-03.pdf.
[6]ISO-NE.ISO New England operating procedure No.19:transmission operations[EB/OL].[2015-06-08].http://www.iso-ne.com/rules_proceds/operating/isone/op19/op19_rto_final.pdf.
[7]ZHAO B, HU Z,ZHOU Q,et al.Optimal transmission switching to eliminate voltage violations during light-load periods using decomposition approach[J/OL].Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy[2018-09-01].https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs40565-018-0422-4.
[8]白宏坤,李干生.关于电磁环网弱开环方式的探讨[J].电力系统保护与控制,2010,38(2):60-63.BAI Hongkun,LI Gansheng.Discussion on weak open-loop mode of electromagnetic loop[J].Power System Protection and Control,2010,38(2):60-63.
[9]PJM.Manual 3:transmission operations,revision:37,section5:index and operating procedures for PJM RTO operation[EB/OL].[2010-11-29].www.pjm.cpm/markets-and operations/compliance/nercstandards/~/media/documents/manuals/m03.ashx.
[10]ISO-NE.ISO New England outlook:smart grid is about consumers[EB/OL].[2018-04-20].http://www.isone.com/nwsiss/nwltrs/outlook/2009/outlook_may_2009_final.pdf.
[11]FISHER E B,O’NEILL R P,FERRIS M C.Optimal transmission switching[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2008,23(3):1346-1355.
[12]HEDMAN K W,FERRIS M C,O’NEILL R P,et al.Cooptimization of generation unit commitment and transmission switching with N-1reliability[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2010,25(2):1052-1063.
[13]OSTROWSKI J,WANG J,LIU C.Transmission switching with connectivity-ensuring constraints[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2014,29(6):2621-2627.
[14]HEDMAN K W,O’NEILL R P,FISHER E B,et al.Optimal transmission switching with contingency analysis[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2009,24(3):1577-1586.
[15]KHANABADI M, GHASEMI H, DOOSTIZADEH M.Optimal transmission switching considering voltage security and N-1contingency analysis[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2013,28(1):542-550.
[16]HAN J,PAPAVASILIOU A.The impacts of transmission topology control on the European electricity network[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2016,31(1):496-507.
[17]NIKOOBAKHT A, MARDANEH M,AGHAEI J,et al.Flexible power system operation accommodating uncertain wind power generation using transmission topology control:an improved linearised AC SCUC model[J].IET Generation,Transmission&Distribution,2017,11(1):142-153.
[18]NASROLAHPOUR E,GHASEMI H.A stochastic security constrained unit commitment model for reconfigurable networks with high wind power penetration[J].Electric Power Systems Research,2015,121:341-350.
[19]QIU F,WANG J.Chance-constrained transmission switching with guaranteed wind power utilization[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2015,30(3):1270-1278.
[20]DEHGHANIAN P,KEZUNOVIC M.Probabilistic decision making for the bulk power system optimal topology control[J].IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid,2016,7(4):2071-2081.
[21]徐秋实,邓长虹,赵维兴,等.含风电电力系统的多场景鲁棒调度方法[J].电网技术,2014,38(3):653-661.32XU Qiushi,DENG Changhong,ZHAO Weixing,et al.A multi-scenario robust dispatch method for power grid integrated with wind farms[J].Power System Technology,2014,38(3):653-661.
[22]魏韡,刘锋,梅生伟.电力系统鲁棒经济调度:(一)理论基础[J].电力系统自动化,2013,37(17):37-43.WEI Wei,LIU Feng,MEI Shengwei.Robust and economic scheduling methodology for power systems:Part one theoretical foundations[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2013,37(17):37-43
[23]于丹文,杨明,翟鹤峰,等.鲁棒优化在电力系统调度决策中的应用研究综述[J].电力系统自动化,2016,40(7):134-143.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20150728008.YU Danwen,YANG Ming,ZHAI Hefeng,et al.An overview of optimization used for power system dispatch and decisionmaking[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2016,40(7):134-143.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20150728008.
[24]ZHAO C,WANG J,WATSON J P,et al.Multi-stage robust unit commitment considering wind and demand response uncertainties[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2013,28(3):2708-2717.
[25]DING T,LIU S,YUAN W,et al.A two-stage robust reactive poweroptimizationconsideringuncertainwindpower integration in active distribution networks[J].JIEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy,2016,7(1):301-311.
[26]DEHGHAN S,AMJADY N.Robust transmission and energy storage expansion planning in wind farm-integrated power systems considering transmission switching[J].IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy,2016,7(2):765-774.
[27]KORAD A S,HEDMAN K W.Robust corrective topology control for system reliability[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2013,28(4):4042-4051.
[28]DING T,ZHAO C.Robust optimal transmission switching with the consideration of corrective actions for N-k contingencies[J]. IETGeneration, Transmission&Distribution,2016,10(13):3288-3295
[29]TAHERI M H,DEHGHAN S,HEIDARIFAR M,et al.Adaptive robust optimal transmission switching considering the uncertainty of net nodal electricity demands[J].IEEE Systems Journal,2017,11(4):2872-2881.
[30]BOUFFARD F, GALIANA F D.Stochastic security for operations planning with significant wind power generation[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2008,23(2),306-316.
[31]ZENG B,ZHAO L.Solving two-stage robust optimization problems using a column-and-constraint generation method[J].Operations Research Letters,2013,41(5):457-461.
[32]BETSIMAS D, SIM M.The price of robustness[J].Operations Research,2004,52(1):35-53.
[33]HU Z, WANG X,CHEN H,et al.Volt/Var control in distribution systems using a time-interval based approach[J].IEE Proceedings-Generation,Transmission and Distribution,2003,150(5):548-554.