涝害对芝麻根系生长及光合特性的影响
|
摘要
以抗涝性不同的芝麻(Sesamum indicum L)品种2541和鄂芝2号为材料,在4片真叶期进行涝害处理48h,探讨了涝害与芝麻生长发育及光合参数、叶绿素荧光参数等指标之间的关系。结果表明:(1)涝害导致根系生长缓慢,侧根数减少,不耐涝品种鄂芝2号表现尤其明显。(2)涝害处理后2品种最大荧光(Fm)、开放PSⅡ中心的量子效率(Fv/Fm)、PSⅡ潜在活性(Fv/F_0)和叶绿素含量(Chl)均下降,初始荧光(F_0)则升高。品种2541除Fv/F_0与对照相比达显著水平外,其他荧光参数均与对照未达显著水平。(3)叶片净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、气孔导度(Gs)均下降,水分利用效率(WUE)提高,且耐涝品种2541变化幅度较小,到撤水后15d恢复到与对照相当。可见,品种的抗性与光合参数、叶绿素荧光参数以及侧根数量密切相关。
Two sesame(Sesamum indicum L)accessions,ZZM2541 and Ezhi-2,with different tolerance to waterlogging,were selected as test materials and the seedlings at the 4-true leaf stage were treated by waterlogging for 48 h.The relationships between waterlogging damages and growth,photosynthetic parameters and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters were also explored to provide theoretical basis for screening the waterlogging resistant sesames.The results showed that(1)the waterlogging stress induced slow-growing of roots and reduction of adventitious roots in both accessions,especially for the susceptive Ezhi-2.(2)All of the average values of maximum fluorescence yield(Fm),quantum efficiency of open PSⅡcentres(Fv/Fm),initial fluorescence(Fv/F_0)and chlorophyll content(Chl)decreased in both accessions after suffering to the waterlogging stress.There were no significant differences of chlorophyll fluorescence parameters(excluding the Fv/F_0)of ZZM2541 compared with the control.(3)The less reduction of mean photosynthetic rate(Pn),transpiration rate(Tr),stomatal conductance(Gs)were observed in the leaves of waterlogged ZZM2541 than in waterlogged Ezhi-2(compared to controls),and the leaves of Ezhi-2 showed a higher water use efficiency(WUE)after the removal of waterlogging.The results indicated that the tolerance to waterlogging of sesame accessions was closely related to the photosynthetic parameters,chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and number of adventitious roots.
Two sesame(Sesamum indicum L)accessions,ZZM2541 and Ezhi-2,with different tolerance to waterlogging,were selected as test materials and the seedlings at the 4-true leaf stage were treated by waterlogging for 48 h.The relationships between waterlogging damages and growth,photosynthetic parameters and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters were also explored to provide theoretical basis for screening the waterlogging resistant sesames.The results showed that(1)the waterlogging stress induced slow-growing of roots and reduction of adventitious roots in both accessions,especially for the susceptive Ezhi-2.(2)All of the average values of maximum fluorescence yield(Fm),quantum efficiency of open PSⅡcentres(Fv/Fm),initial fluorescence(Fv/F_0)and chlorophyll content(Chl)decreased in both accessions after suffering to the waterlogging stress.There were no significant differences of chlorophyll fluorescence parameters(excluding the Fv/F_0)of ZZM2541 compared with the control.(3)The less reduction of mean photosynthetic rate(Pn),transpiration rate(Tr),stomatal conductance(Gs)were observed in the leaves of waterlogged ZZM2541 than in waterlogged Ezhi-2(compared to controls),and the leaves of Ezhi-2 showed a higher water use efficiency(WUE)after the removal of waterlogging.The results indicated that the tolerance to waterlogging of sesame accessions was closely related to the photosynthetic parameters,chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and number of adventitious roots.
引文
[1]黄凤洪.花生芝麻加工技术[M].北京:金盾出版社,1995.
[2]王瑞元.开拓创新,推动芝麻产业的发展[J].粮油加工,2006,(12):11~12.
[3]赵国志.世界芝麻的生产与贸易概况[J].粮食与油脂,2005,(1):31~32.
[4]郭鹏燕,左联忠,王彩萍,等.我国芝麻市场前景分析与发展对策[J].陕西农业科学,2007,(2):128~129.
[5]冯祥运,张秀荣,肖唐华.芝麻种质资源耐渍性鉴定及评价[J].中国油料,1991,(3):12~15.
[6]陈和兴.芝麻渍涝灾害及减灾措施[J].中国油料,1993,(4):70.
[7]张秀荣.芝麻渍害与耐渍性研究理状[J].湖北农业科学,1992,(11):12~25.
[8]张根峰,张翼.渍涝胁迫对芝麻生理指标及产量性状的影响[J].作物杂志,2010,(1):84~86.
[9]Terazawa K,Maruyama Y,Morikawa Y.Photosynthetic and stomatal responses of Larix kaempferi seedlings to short-term waterlogging[J].Ecol Res,1992,7:193~197.
[10]Meyer W S,Barrs H D,Mosier A R,et al.Response of maize to three short-term periods of waterlogging at high and low nitrogen levels on undisturbed and repacked soil[J].Irrig Sci,1987,8:257~272.
[11]Maltby E.Wetlands their status and role in the biosphere[A].Jackson M B,Davies D D,Lambers H.Plant Life Under Oxygen Deprivation,Ecology,Physiology and Biochemistry[C].The Hague:SPB Academic Publishing,1991:3~21.
[12]Grassini P,Indaco G V,Pereira M L,et al.Responses to short-term waterlogging during grain filling in sunflower[J].Field Crops Res,2007,101:352~363.
[13]Wei W L,Li D H,Wang L H,et al.Morpho-anatomical and physiological responses to waterlogging of sesame(Sesamum indicum L)[J].Plant Sci,2013,208:102~111.
[14]张根峰,张翼.盛花期不同渍涝时间对芝麻生理指标及产量性状的影响[J].中国农学通报,2010,26(23):196~199.
[15]王文泉,郑永战,梅鸿献,等.芝麻对涝害的反应及适应性变异Ⅱ.模拟涝害胁迫下芝麻基因型间的光合生理变化及其对生长调节剂的反应[J].中国油料作物学报,2000,(2):48~52.
[16]Zhao T,Gao Z K,Xu G H,et al.Study on getting parameters of chlorophyll fluorescence dynamics by nonmodulated fluorometer plant efficiency analyser[J].Acta Biophysica Sinica,2006,22:34~38.
[17]Binder W D,Fielder P.Chlorophyll fluorescence as indicator of frost hardiness in white spruce seedlings from different latitudes[J].New Forests,1996,11:233~253.
[18]Ehlert B,H invha D K.Chlorophyll fluorescence imaging accurately quantifies freezing dam age and cold acclimation responses in Arabidopsis leaves[J].Plant Meth,2008,4:12.
[19]Kate M,Giles N J.Chlorophyll fluorescence a practical guide[J].Journal of Experimental Botany,2000,51:659~668.
[20]Xu F Y,Wang X L,Wu Q X,et al.Physiological Responses Differences of Different Genotype Sesames to Flooding Stress[J].Adv J Food Sci Technol,2012,4:352~356.
[21]Kozlowski T T.Physiological-ecological impacts of flooding on riparian forest ecosystems[J].Wetlands,2002,22:550~561.
[22]Kreuzwieser J,Papadopoulou E,Rennenberg H.Interaction of flooding with carbon metabolism of forest trees[J].Plant Biol,2004,6:299~306.
[23]贾荣亮,周海燕,谭会娟,等.超旱生植物红砂与珍珠光合生理生态日变化特征初探[J].中国沙漠,2006,26(4):631~636.
[24]Olien W C.Seasonal soil waterlogging influences water relations and leaf nutrient content of bearing apple trees[J].J Amer Soc Hort Sci,1989,114:537~542.
[25]Ou L J,Dai X Z,Zhang Z Q,et al.Responses of pepper to waterlogging stress[J].Photosynthetica,2011,49:339~345.
[2]王瑞元.开拓创新,推动芝麻产业的发展[J].粮油加工,2006,(12):11~12.
[3]赵国志.世界芝麻的生产与贸易概况[J].粮食与油脂,2005,(1):31~32.
[4]郭鹏燕,左联忠,王彩萍,等.我国芝麻市场前景分析与发展对策[J].陕西农业科学,2007,(2):128~129.
[5]冯祥运,张秀荣,肖唐华.芝麻种质资源耐渍性鉴定及评价[J].中国油料,1991,(3):12~15.
[6]陈和兴.芝麻渍涝灾害及减灾措施[J].中国油料,1993,(4):70.
[7]张秀荣.芝麻渍害与耐渍性研究理状[J].湖北农业科学,1992,(11):12~25.
[8]张根峰,张翼.渍涝胁迫对芝麻生理指标及产量性状的影响[J].作物杂志,2010,(1):84~86.
[9]Terazawa K,Maruyama Y,Morikawa Y.Photosynthetic and stomatal responses of Larix kaempferi seedlings to short-term waterlogging[J].Ecol Res,1992,7:193~197.
[10]Meyer W S,Barrs H D,Mosier A R,et al.Response of maize to three short-term periods of waterlogging at high and low nitrogen levels on undisturbed and repacked soil[J].Irrig Sci,1987,8:257~272.
[11]Maltby E.Wetlands their status and role in the biosphere[A].Jackson M B,Davies D D,Lambers H.Plant Life Under Oxygen Deprivation,Ecology,Physiology and Biochemistry[C].The Hague:SPB Academic Publishing,1991:3~21.
[12]Grassini P,Indaco G V,Pereira M L,et al.Responses to short-term waterlogging during grain filling in sunflower[J].Field Crops Res,2007,101:352~363.
[13]Wei W L,Li D H,Wang L H,et al.Morpho-anatomical and physiological responses to waterlogging of sesame(Sesamum indicum L)[J].Plant Sci,2013,208:102~111.
[14]张根峰,张翼.盛花期不同渍涝时间对芝麻生理指标及产量性状的影响[J].中国农学通报,2010,26(23):196~199.
[15]王文泉,郑永战,梅鸿献,等.芝麻对涝害的反应及适应性变异Ⅱ.模拟涝害胁迫下芝麻基因型间的光合生理变化及其对生长调节剂的反应[J].中国油料作物学报,2000,(2):48~52.
[16]Zhao T,Gao Z K,Xu G H,et al.Study on getting parameters of chlorophyll fluorescence dynamics by nonmodulated fluorometer plant efficiency analyser[J].Acta Biophysica Sinica,2006,22:34~38.
[17]Binder W D,Fielder P.Chlorophyll fluorescence as indicator of frost hardiness in white spruce seedlings from different latitudes[J].New Forests,1996,11:233~253.
[18]Ehlert B,H invha D K.Chlorophyll fluorescence imaging accurately quantifies freezing dam age and cold acclimation responses in Arabidopsis leaves[J].Plant Meth,2008,4:12.
[19]Kate M,Giles N J.Chlorophyll fluorescence a practical guide[J].Journal of Experimental Botany,2000,51:659~668.
[20]Xu F Y,Wang X L,Wu Q X,et al.Physiological Responses Differences of Different Genotype Sesames to Flooding Stress[J].Adv J Food Sci Technol,2012,4:352~356.
[21]Kozlowski T T.Physiological-ecological impacts of flooding on riparian forest ecosystems[J].Wetlands,2002,22:550~561.
[22]Kreuzwieser J,Papadopoulou E,Rennenberg H.Interaction of flooding with carbon metabolism of forest trees[J].Plant Biol,2004,6:299~306.
[23]贾荣亮,周海燕,谭会娟,等.超旱生植物红砂与珍珠光合生理生态日变化特征初探[J].中国沙漠,2006,26(4):631~636.
[24]Olien W C.Seasonal soil waterlogging influences water relations and leaf nutrient content of bearing apple trees[J].J Amer Soc Hort Sci,1989,114:537~542.
[25]Ou L J,Dai X Z,Zhang Z Q,et al.Responses of pepper to waterlogging stress[J].Photosynthetica,2011,49:339~345.