培养下一代企业家:欧洲创业教育生态系统理念及实践——以波罗的海地区为例
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摘要
近年来,作为拥有"汉萨同盟"商贸历史传统的波罗的海地区,在欧盟引导下开展了各种行之有效的创业教育模式,逐步形成了"培养下一代企业家"的创业教育共识,在实践中探索出具有政府主导、教育渗透、市场衔接、区域联盟和强调城市松散结盟的区域性等特点的创业教育生态系统和可持续发展的学习进阶创业教育模式,注重在基础教育中营造培养企业家的良好教育氛围,成为区域创业教育中的典型个案。创业教育正成为该地区联通区域发展、加强区域合作的黏合剂。我们有必要从整体上认识波罗的海地区创业教育发展的生态理念及各国实践,借鉴其创业教育经验,开创我国自身的创业教育体系。
In recent years, "Educating the next generation of entrepreneurs" has become a common view in Baltic Sea Region which has its own historical tradition culture named "Hanseatic League" and gradually builds a kind of ecosystem philosophy. The regional entrepreneurship education ecosystem has the following characteristics:government leading, education infiltration, market cohesion, and emphasizing the regional alliance and loose alliance between cities. Paying attention to cultivating good atmosphere for entrepreneurs in basic education becomes the typical case for regional entrepreneurship education in the Baltic region.
In recent years, "Educating the next generation of entrepreneurs" has become a common view in Baltic Sea Region which has its own historical tradition culture named "Hanseatic League" and gradually builds a kind of ecosystem philosophy. The regional entrepreneurship education ecosystem has the following characteristics:government leading, education infiltration, market cohesion, and emphasizing the regional alliance and loose alliance between cities. Paying attention to cultivating good atmosphere for entrepreneurs in basic education becomes the typical case for regional entrepreneurship education in the Baltic region.
引文
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[15]王海燕,梁洪力.挪威创新系统的特征与启示[J].中国国情国力,2014(5):72-74.
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[36]Gibb A. Entrepreneurship and enterprise education in schools and colleges[J]. International Journal of Entrepreneurship Education, 2008, 6(2):48.
[37]Blenker P, Frederiksen, et al. Entrepreneurship as everyday practice[J]. Industry and Higher Education, 2012(26):417-430.
[41]Martin Lackèus. Entrepreneurship In Education[R].European Commission, OECD, 2015:24-25.
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[45]Programme Fact Sheet[EB/OL].(2018-10)[2019-5-20].https://www.interreg-baltic.eu.
(2)2017年清华大学与巴黎高等商学院合作完成《“一带一路”:当中国和欧洲邂逅在波罗的海》一书已将波罗的海各国视为一个整体区域个案开展研究。
[2][5][6][9][10][33][35]Foundation for Entrepreneurship Young Enterprise Denmark. Entrepreneurship in Education in the Baltic Sea Region[EB/OL].(2015-02)[2016-02-04].www.bsr-ee.com.
[3]Dieter Zimmerling.Die Hanse:Handelsmachtim Zeichen der Kogge[M]. Düsseldorf and Vienna:Econ Verlag, 1984:11.
[4]刘程.中世纪欧洲“汉萨”等概念辨析[J].经济社会史评论, 2016(2):60-69,127.
[7]FlagshipPartners2018June[EB/OL].(2018-06)[2018-09].http://www.balticsea-region-strategy.eu.
[8]Educating the Next Wave of Entrepreneurs[R].Switzerland:the World Economic Forum's Global Education Initiative,2009:16.
[11]Soumitra Dutta, Bruno Lanvin, et al.The Global Innovation Index 2018:Energizing the World with Innovation[R].Printed and bound in Geneva, Switzerland.2018:xx.
[12]2017-2018年全球竞争力报告[EB/OL].(2017-09-26)[2017-10-06].https://cn.weforum.org.
[13]陈超.瑞士中小企业科技创新创业机制研究[J].上海市经济管理干部学院学报, 2017(1):34-41.
[14]郑青亭.破解瑞士“创新秘籍”[J].中国中小企业,2017(11):70-73.
[15]王海燕,梁洪力.挪威创新系统的特征与启示[J].中国国情国力,2014(5):72-74.
[16]薛彦平.挪威提升国家创新能力的重要经验[J].国家治理,2014(10):3-8.
[17]史义.挪威科研创新体系的发展历程[J].全球科技经济瞭望,2015(5):16-20.
[18]徐振强.德国“工业4.0”科技园区创新创业生态体系研究[J].中国名城, 2015(11):39-49.
[19]Vestergaard L, J?rgensen C,et al. Introduction to:Entrepreneurship from ABC to Ph.D[EB/OL].(2012-11)[2013-04].http://eng.ffe-ye.dk.
[20][38][39][40]Entrepreneurship Education:progressionmodel[EB/OL].(2013-04)[2013-08].http://eng.ffe-ye.dk.
[21]江露露.以知识和技术为基石的芬兰教育生态系统——兼谈芬兰基础教育课程改革(2012-2016)[J].外国中小学教育,2016(7):6-13.
[22]Ruskovaara E, Pihkala T,et al.Studying Teachers’TeachingMethodsandWorkingApproachesin Entrepreneurship Education[C]. Tartu, Estonia:In Proceedings of the 7th ESU Conference,2010-08.
[23][28]As presented during the meeting of the TWG in Vienna[EB/OL].(2013-04-17)[2013-08-22]. http://www.schule-im-aufbruch.de.
[24]梅玫,阚阅.爱沙尼亚的创业教育[J].上海教育,2018(2):54-55.
[25]H. E. Ms. Ina Mar?iulionytè. Bridge to Link China and the EU[J].中国投资,2018(1):73.
[26]YVIlearningenvironmentforentrepreneurship education[EB/OL].(2013-11-21)[2014-10]. http://www.yvi.fi/images/Greeting_from_President_Sauli_Niinisto.pdf
[27][31]ThematicworkinggrouponEntrepreneurship Education[EB/OL].(2014-12-08)[2014-12-19].http://ec.europa.eu.
[29]给创业者的教育网站[EB/OL].(2010-07-01)[2019-05-21]. www.portal.bycprzedsiebiorczym.pl.
[30]王岩.拉脱维亚教育改革:概况、特点及启示[J].成都师范学院学报,2013(4):29-33.
[32]OECD. Supporting Entrepreneurship and Innovation in Higher Education in Poland[R]. OECD,2017-10-26:i.
[34]EU. On Key Competences For Lifelong Learning[J].Official Journal of the European Union,2006(12):17.
[36]Gibb A. Entrepreneurship and enterprise education in schools and colleges[J]. International Journal of Entrepreneurship Education, 2008, 6(2):48.
[37]Blenker P, Frederiksen, et al. Entrepreneurship as everyday practice[J]. Industry and Higher Education, 2012(26):417-430.
[41]Martin Lackèus. Entrepreneurship In Education[R].European Commission, OECD, 2015:24-25.
[42]Cope J. Toward a Dynamic Learning Perspective of Entrepreneurship[J]. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 2005, 29(4):373-397.
[43]Mahieu R. A policy study of entrepreneurship and enterpriseineducation[D].SwedenOrtUme?:Ume?Universitet, 2006.
[44]Schulte Beerbühl, Margrit. Networks of the Hanseatic League[J]. Mainz:Institute of European History,2012(1):24.
[45]Programme Fact Sheet[EB/OL].(2018-10)[2019-5-20].https://www.interreg-baltic.eu.
(2)2017年清华大学与巴黎高等商学院合作完成《“一带一路”:当中国和欧洲邂逅在波罗的海》一书已将波罗的海各国视为一个整体区域个案开展研究。