油气沿断层走向运移的地质特征及相关问题探讨——以济阳坳陷沾化凹陷邵家断层为例
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摘要
以渤海湾盆地济阳坳陷沾化凹陷邵家洼陷NEE走向的邵家断层为例,总结了油气沿断层发生走向运移的特殊地质条件,包括断层具有走滑性质、断层位于构造脊之上、断层两盘输导层极不发育、充足的油源和沿途欠发育的圈闭以及断层末端与地层中发育的输导层匹配等。以上地质条件在大部分地区都不可能同时具备,这也是断层走向运移现象较为罕见的主要地质原因。为了总结断层走向运移的适用地质条件,又对济阳坳陷发育的不同走向弯曲断层、储层(输导层)发育的地层与断层组合样式等与油气走向运移的关系进行了探讨。分析认为,在新近纪油气主要运移期和成藏期,NW向左行左阶断层、NE向右行右阶断层在弯曲处易形成拉张薄弱带,有利于油气的垂向和走向运移;认为砂体所在地层的等高线与断层间呈现向断层收敛的"羽状"、垂直的"丰"字形以及"半羽—半丰字形"这3种地层与断层的组合样式,油气均无法运移出断层进入地层中的输导层,易于发生油气沿断层的走向运移,并分别建立了相关模式,探讨了东营凹陷石村断层、惠民凹陷临邑断层走向运移油气的可能性。
The ENE trending Shaojia Fault in the Shaojia Subsag,Zhanhua Sag,Jiyang Depression has been studied. We summarized some special geological conditions for hydrocarbon migration along strike faults,including strike slip properties,faults located on a structural ridge,extremely underdeveloped transport layers on both sides of a fault,sufficient oil source and underdeveloped trap,and the matching between fault end and transport layer. The above geological conditions are not likely to be present at the same time in most areas,which explains rare hydrocarbon migration along a strike fault. The relationship between bending faults in different directions,reservior( transport layer) development formation,fault combination pattern and hydrocarbon migration along a strike fault were discussed in order to summarize the favorable geological conditions for hydrocarbon migration. It was concluded that during the main migration and accumulation period in Neogene,NW trending left lateral left-step faults and NE trending right lateral right-step faults were easy to form in a tensile weak zone at the bend,and were favorable for vertical and strike migration of hydrocarbon. The contours of sand bodies presented pinnate shape,vertical "丰"shape and half pinnate and half "丰"shape toward faults. As a result,hydrocarbon could not migrate out of the fault into a carrier bed,but migrates along a strike fault. The possibility of hydrocarbon migration along a strike fault of the Shicun Fault in Dongying Sag and the Linyi Fault in Huimin Sag was discussed.
The ENE trending Shaojia Fault in the Shaojia Subsag,Zhanhua Sag,Jiyang Depression has been studied. We summarized some special geological conditions for hydrocarbon migration along strike faults,including strike slip properties,faults located on a structural ridge,extremely underdeveloped transport layers on both sides of a fault,sufficient oil source and underdeveloped trap,and the matching between fault end and transport layer. The above geological conditions are not likely to be present at the same time in most areas,which explains rare hydrocarbon migration along a strike fault. The relationship between bending faults in different directions,reservior( transport layer) development formation,fault combination pattern and hydrocarbon migration along a strike fault were discussed in order to summarize the favorable geological conditions for hydrocarbon migration. It was concluded that during the main migration and accumulation period in Neogene,NW trending left lateral left-step faults and NE trending right lateral right-step faults were easy to form in a tensile weak zone at the bend,and were favorable for vertical and strike migration of hydrocarbon. The contours of sand bodies presented pinnate shape,vertical "丰"shape and half pinnate and half "丰"shape toward faults. As a result,hydrocarbon could not migrate out of the fault into a carrier bed,but migrates along a strike fault. The possibility of hydrocarbon migration along a strike fault of the Shicun Fault in Dongying Sag and the Linyi Fault in Huimin Sag was discussed.
引文
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[18]张枝焕,曾艳涛,张学军,等.渤海湾盆地沾化凹陷渤南洼陷原油地球化学特征及成藏期分析[J].石油实验地质,2006,28(1):54-58.ZHANG Zhihuan,ZENG Yantao,ZHANG Xuejun,et al. The geochemistry characteristics and accumulation-history of crude oil in the Bonan Sub-sag of the Zhanhua Sag,the Bohaiwan Basin[J].Petroleum Geology&Experiment,2006,28(1):54-58.
[19]卢浩,蒋有录,刘华,等.沾化凹陷渤南洼陷油气成藏期分析[J].油气地质与采收率,2012,19(2):5-8.LU Hao,JIANG Youlu,LIU hua,et al. Study on formation stages of oil-gas reservoirs in Bonan Subsag,Zhanhua Sag[J]. Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency,2012,19(2):5-8.
[20]刘雅利,王永诗,郝雪峰,等.渤南洼陷油气分布有序性探讨[J].油气地质与采收率,2014,21(4):10-15.LIU Yali,WANG Yongshi,HAO Xuefeng,et al.A discussion on the continuance of hydrocarbon distribution in Bonan Sag[J].Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency,2014,21(4):10-15.
[2]宁方兴.济阳坳陷地层油藏成藏机制与差异性[J].油气地质与采收率,2015,22(3):52-56.NING Fangxing.Analysis on the reservoir-forming mechanism and difference of stratigraphic reservoir in Jiyang Depression[J].Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency,2015,22(3):52-56.
[3]唐大卿,孙玉峰,余光春.邵家洼陷区断裂构造及其对油气成藏的影响[J].油气地质与采收率,2006,13(2):50-52.TANG Daqing,SUN Yufeng,YU Guangchun.Faulted structure and its effect on oil-gas reservoir forming in Shaojia Subsag area[J].Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency,2006,13(2):50-52.
[4]孙玉峰,唐大卿.济阳坳陷邵家洼陷区断层特征分析[J].中国海上油气,2006,18(2):92-96.SUN Yufeng,TANG Daqing. Analysis of fault characteristics in Shaojia Subsag area,Jiyang Depression[J]. China Offshore Oil and Gas,2006,18(2):92-96.
[5]孙玉峰.济阳坳陷邵家洼陷区断裂特征及其地质意义[J].西安石油大学学报(自然科学版),2006,21(2):5-8.SUN Yufeng. Features of the faults in Shaojia Subsag zone of Jiyang Depression and their geological significance[J]. Journal of Xi’an Shiyou University(Natural Science Edition),2006,21(2):5-8.
[6]杨超生,邱隆伟,刘魁元,等.渤海湾盆地济阳坳陷邵家洼陷沙四段湖相碳酸盐岩储层特征与分类评价[J].天然气地球科学,2016,27(4):628-638.YANG Chaosheng,QIU Longwei,LIU Kuiyuan,et al.Characteristics and classification and evaluation of lacustrine carbonate reservoir of the fourth member of Shahejie Formation of Shaojia Sag,Jiyang Depression,Bohai Bay Basin[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2016,27(4):628-638.
[7]刘连启,刘魁元,张元福,等.邵家洼陷区含油气系统研究及应用[J].天然气勘探与开发,2007,30(4):10-14.LIU Lianqi,LIU Kuiyuan,ZHANG Yuanfu,et al. Research of hydrocarbon system in Shaojia Sag[J]. Natural Gas Exploration and Development,2007,30(4):10-14.
[8] ZHU Guang,JIANG Dazhi,ZHANG Bilong,et al.Destruction of the eastern North China Craton in a backarc setting:evidence from crustal deformation kinematics[J]. Gondwana Research,2012,22(1):86-103.
[9]朱光,刘国生,牛漫兰,等.郯庐断裂带晚第三纪以来的浅部挤压活动与深部过程[J].地震地质,2002,24(2):265-277.ZHU Guang,LIU Guosheng,NIU Manlan,et al. Post-Eogene compressive activities on the Tan-Lu fault zone and their deep processes[J].Seismology and Geology,2002,24(2):265-277.
[10]周建勋,周建生.渤海湾盆地新生代构造变形机制:物理模拟和讨论[J].中国科学(D辑),2006,36(6):507-519.ZHOU Jianxun,ZHOU Jiansheng.Mechanisms of Cenozoic deformation in the Bohai Basin,Northeast China:physical modelling and discussions[J].Science in China Series D,49(3):258-271.
[11]张鹏,王良书,丁增勇,等.济阳坳陷中—新生代断裂发育特征及形成机制[J].石油与天然气地质,2006,27(4):467-474.ZHANG Peng,WANG Liangshu,DING Zengyong,et al.Characteristics and formation mechanism of the faults in MesozoicCenozoic in Jiyang Depression[J]. Oil&Gas Geology,2006,27(4):467-474.
[12]朱光,王道轩,刘国生,等.郯庐断裂带的演化及其对西太平洋板块运动的响应[J].地质科学,2004,39(1):36-49.ZHU Guang,WANG Daoxuan,LIU Guosheng,et al.Evolution of the Tan-Lu fault zone and its responses to plate movements in West Pacific Basin[J]. Chinese Journal of Geology,2004,99(1):36-49.
[13]卓勤功,向立宏,银燕,等.断陷盆地洼陷带岩性油气藏成藏动力学模式:以济阳坳陷为例[J].油气地质与采收率,2007,14(1):7-10.ZHUO Qingong,XIANG Lihong,YIN Yan,et al. Dynamics pattern of lithological oil-gas pool forming in subsag belt,downfaulted basin:taking Jiyang Depression as an example[J].Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency,2007,14(1):7-10.
[14]谢启超,荆海鹏,白海峰.渤南洼陷超压发育特征及其形成机理[J].小型油气藏,2004,9(4):5-8.XIE Qichao,JING Haipeng,BAI Haifeng.The overpressure development characteristics and its genetic mechanism in Bonan Depression[J].Small Hydrocarbon Reservoirs,2004,9(4):5-8.
[15]谢启超,刘震.渤南洼陷地温—地压场特征及其石油地质意义[J].油气地质与采收率,2004,11(2):29-30.XIE Qichao,LIU Zhen. Characteristics on geothermal-formation pressure field in Bonan Subsag and its petroleum geologic significance[J].Oil&Gas Recovery Technology,2004,11(2):29-30.
[16]刘华,蒋有录,谷国翠,等.沾化凹陷渤南洼陷古近系压力特征及成因机制[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2013,37(4):46-51.LIU Hua,JIANG Youlu,GU Guocui,et al.Pressure characteristics and formation mechanisms of Paleogene in Bonan Sag,Zhanhua Depression[J]. Journal of China University of Petroleum,2013,37(4):46-51.
[17]宗国洪,肖焕钦,李常宝,等.济阳坳陷构造演化及其大地构造意义[J].高校地质学报,1999,5(3):275-282.ZONG Guohong,XIAO Huanqin,LI Changbao,et al. Evolution of Jiyang Depression and its tectonic implications[J].Geological Journal of China Universities,1999,5(3):275-282.
[18]张枝焕,曾艳涛,张学军,等.渤海湾盆地沾化凹陷渤南洼陷原油地球化学特征及成藏期分析[J].石油实验地质,2006,28(1):54-58.ZHANG Zhihuan,ZENG Yantao,ZHANG Xuejun,et al. The geochemistry characteristics and accumulation-history of crude oil in the Bonan Sub-sag of the Zhanhua Sag,the Bohaiwan Basin[J].Petroleum Geology&Experiment,2006,28(1):54-58.
[19]卢浩,蒋有录,刘华,等.沾化凹陷渤南洼陷油气成藏期分析[J].油气地质与采收率,2012,19(2):5-8.LU Hao,JIANG Youlu,LIU hua,et al. Study on formation stages of oil-gas reservoirs in Bonan Subsag,Zhanhua Sag[J]. Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency,2012,19(2):5-8.
[20]刘雅利,王永诗,郝雪峰,等.渤南洼陷油气分布有序性探讨[J].油气地质与采收率,2014,21(4):10-15.LIU Yali,WANG Yongshi,HAO Xuefeng,et al.A discussion on the continuance of hydrocarbon distribution in Bonan Sag[J].Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency,2014,21(4):10-15.