澳大利亚近年来连续阻挠我重大投资的原因探析及我因应之策
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摘要
近年来,澳大利亚政府以国家安全为由连续否决我数起重大投资,既予我企业以经济损失,同时又在澳抹黑我国家形象。澳逆其经济困难形势而动,以双重标准待我投资的无理行为既有美日益加大压力的外生性,又有国内政治斗争激化的内生性。由于国弱民寡,澳自独立之日即奉行与超级大国结盟的立国之策,以获取经济利益和安全庇护。在从澳美同盟获利的同时,澳也不得不对美效忠,并甘为其驱使。此外,澳国内右翼亲美保守势力强大,现政府执政地位异常脆弱,这导致政府在决策时往往面临国内保守政治势力的强大压力。因此不排除澳政府迫于内外压力在今后一段时期内继续阻挠我对澳重大投资的可能性。
The Australian government has recently vetoed a series of large-scale Chinese investment with the pretext of so-called "national security", which causes enormous economic loss to relevant Chinese enterprises on the one hand, and undermines China's national image on the other hand. The "double standards" adopted by the Australian government on Chinese investment against the backdrop of its economic hardship essentially derived from the growing external pressure from the United States and internal pressure of its own domestic politics. As a state with relatively humble national strength and small population, Australia has stuck to the strategy of "aligning with a superpower" since its founding in an attempt to secure economic benefits and protection. In return,it has to proffer its "loyalty" to and commit itself to the interest of the superpower, the United States. Moreover, the complicated situation in Australia, that is, a powerful coalition of pro-American and rightist political forces in the context of a weak government, leads to the formidable pressure that the government has to face when making a decision. Therefore, the possibility of more vetoes on Chinese investment may hardly be eliminated.
The Australian government has recently vetoed a series of large-scale Chinese investment with the pretext of so-called "national security", which causes enormous economic loss to relevant Chinese enterprises on the one hand, and undermines China's national image on the other hand. The "double standards" adopted by the Australian government on Chinese investment against the backdrop of its economic hardship essentially derived from the growing external pressure from the United States and internal pressure of its own domestic politics. As a state with relatively humble national strength and small population, Australia has stuck to the strategy of "aligning with a superpower" since its founding in an attempt to secure economic benefits and protection. In return,it has to proffer its "loyalty" to and commit itself to the interest of the superpower, the United States. Moreover, the complicated situation in Australia, that is, a powerful coalition of pro-American and rightist political forces in the context of a weak government, leads to the formidable pressure that the government has to face when making a decision. Therefore, the possibility of more vetoes on Chinese investment may hardly be eliminated.
引文
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(2)Foreign Investment and Policy Division of Australia Treasury“Treasury Working Paper:Foreign Investment into Australia",2016,p.3.
(1)James Laurenceson,“liawks llave Poor Record on Chinese Security Threats",Australian Financial Review,http://wwv.afr.com/news/world/asia/ausgrid-hawks-have-poor-record-on-chinese-security-threats-20160808-gqnf5s.
(2)Michael Wesley,Australia as An Asia-Pacific Regional Power,London:Routledge Press,2007,p.217.
(3)Graeme Powell,“Barnett Says Chinese Investors Discriminated against",http://www.abc.net.au/news/2013-06-05/barnett-saysfirb-rules-diseriminate-against-china/4733904.
(4)llans Morgenthau,Politics among Nations,New York:Knopf Press,1966,p.12.
(5)Shamsul Khan,"Middle Powers and the Dynamics of Power Shift",Harvard Asian Quarterly,Vol.XIV,No.3,2012,p.52.
(1)Shamsul Khan.“Middle Powers and the Dynamics of Power Shift",Harvard Asian Quarterly,Vol.XIV,No.3,2012,p.52.
(2)Baldev R.Nayar,A World Role:The Dialectics of Purpose and Power".in India:A Rising Middle Power,ed.Boulder Mellor Press,1979,pp.117-145.
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(4)Josh Frydenberg,“Washington Is Intergral to Our Region”,the Australian,Sept.21,2010,p.8.
(1)New York Times.“Australia to Join L.S.Missile-Defense System",Dec.4.2003,http://www.nytimes.com/2003/12/04/world/australia-to-join-us-missile-defense-system.html.
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(4)Asian Times,“Deputy Sheriff lloward Rides into Town",http://www.atimes.com/oceania/A128Ah01.html.
(5)Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade(Australia),"Fact Sheets of the Lnited States",https://dfat.gov.au/trade/resources/Documents/usa.pdf.
(6)Julie Bishop,LS-Australia:The Alliance in An Emerging Asia,Minister for Foreign Affairs,http://foreignminister.gov.au/speeches/Pages/2014/jb_sp_140122.aspx?ministerid=4.
(1)Peta Donald."Let Ls Know Next Time:Obama to Turnbull on Darwin Port Lease",http://www.abc.net.au/worldtoday/content/2015/s4355269.htm.
(2)Jonathan Pearlman,“LS Alarm over Aussie Port Deal with China Firm",Strait Times,Nov.19,2015,http://www.straitstimes.com/asia/australianz/us-alarm-over-aussie-port-deal-with-chinafirm.
(1)BBC News.“Australian PM Kevin Rudd Sought Tough China Policy",http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-pacific-11925438.
(2)Australian.“LS Seeks Deeper Military Ties",http://www.theaustralian.com.au/national-affairs/defence/us-seeks-deepermilitary-ties/story-e6frg8yo-1226311869939.
(3)Andrew Greene,Malcolm Turnbull Sticks to Tony Abbott's Defence Spending Pledges in Long-awaited White Paper",http://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-02-23/defence-white-paper-turnbullsticks-to-abbott-pledges/7194480.
(4)同(3)。
(5)Greg Jennett,"Defence White Paper:Australia Joins Asia's Arms Race with Spending on Weaponry and Military Forces to Reach$195h",http://www.abc.net.au/inews/2016-02-25/defence-whitepaper-released-increased-spending/7198632.
(6)Lindsay Murdoch.,South China Sea:Australia Involved in Balikatanii War Games amid Warnings",Sydney Morning lierald,Apr.5,2016,http://www.smh.com.au/world/south-china-sea-australiainvolved-in-balikatan-war-games-under-chinas-nose-20160405-gnyplf.html#ixzz4A07fsLOw.
(7)Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade,“Lnited States Fact Sheet;Japan Fact Sheet",2015,p.1.
(8)Sean Nicholls."Pauline llanson's Message to Scott Morrison:'Don't Sell Ausgrid'",Sydney Morning llerald,Jul.30.2016.http://www.smh.com.au/federal-politics/political-news/paulinehansons-message-to-scott-morrison-dont-sell-ausgrid-20160729-gqgwjp.html.
(1)Steven Mufson,“Obama Administration Denies Chinese Firm Due Process,Appeals Court Rules",Washington Post,Jul.15,2014.
(2)Foreign Investment and Policy Division of Australia Treasury“Treasury Working Paper:Foreign Investment into Australia",2016,p.3.
(1)James Laurenceson,“liawks llave Poor Record on Chinese Security Threats",Australian Financial Review,http://wwv.afr.com/news/world/asia/ausgrid-hawks-have-poor-record-on-chinese-security-threats-20160808-gqnf5s.
(2)Michael Wesley,Australia as An Asia-Pacific Regional Power,London:Routledge Press,2007,p.217.
(3)Graeme Powell,“Barnett Says Chinese Investors Discriminated against",http://www.abc.net.au/news/2013-06-05/barnett-saysfirb-rules-diseriminate-against-china/4733904.
(4)llans Morgenthau,Politics among Nations,New York:Knopf Press,1966,p.12.
(5)Shamsul Khan,"Middle Powers and the Dynamics of Power Shift",Harvard Asian Quarterly,Vol.XIV,No.3,2012,p.52.
(1)Shamsul Khan.“Middle Powers and the Dynamics of Power Shift",Harvard Asian Quarterly,Vol.XIV,No.3,2012,p.52.
(2)Baldev R.Nayar,A World Role:The Dialectics of Purpose and Power".in India:A Rising Middle Power,ed.Boulder Mellor Press,1979,pp.117-145.
(3)于镭、[澳]萨姆苏尔·康:“'中等强国'在全球体系中生存策略的理论分析——兼论中澳战略伙伴关系”,《太平洋学报》,2014年第1期,第49-60页。
(4)Josh Frydenberg,“Washington Is Intergral to Our Region”,the Australian,Sept.21,2010,p.8.
(1)New York Times.“Australia to Join L.S.Missile-Defense System",Dec.4.2003,http://www.nytimes.com/2003/12/04/world/australia-to-join-us-missile-defense-system.html.
(2)William Tow,"Deputy Sheriff or Independent Ally?Evolving Australian-American Ties in Ambiguous World Order",Pacific Review.Vol.17.No.2.2004,pp.271-90.
(3)William Tow,"Australia,the Lnited States and A China Growing Strong:Managing Conflict Avoidance",Australian Journal of International Affairs,Vol.55,No.1,2001,pp.37-54.
(4)Asian Times,“Deputy Sheriff lloward Rides into Town",http://www.atimes.com/oceania/A128Ah01.html.
(5)Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade(Australia),"Fact Sheets of the Lnited States",https://dfat.gov.au/trade/resources/Documents/usa.pdf.
(6)Julie Bishop,LS-Australia:The Alliance in An Emerging Asia,Minister for Foreign Affairs,http://foreignminister.gov.au/speeches/Pages/2014/jb_sp_140122.aspx?ministerid=4.
(1)Peta Donald."Let Ls Know Next Time:Obama to Turnbull on Darwin Port Lease",http://www.abc.net.au/worldtoday/content/2015/s4355269.htm.
(2)Jonathan Pearlman,“LS Alarm over Aussie Port Deal with China Firm",Strait Times,Nov.19,2015,http://www.straitstimes.com/asia/australianz/us-alarm-over-aussie-port-deal-with-chinafirm.
(1)BBC News.“Australian PM Kevin Rudd Sought Tough China Policy",http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-pacific-11925438.
(2)Australian.“LS Seeks Deeper Military Ties",http://www.theaustralian.com.au/national-affairs/defence/us-seeks-deepermilitary-ties/story-e6frg8yo-1226311869939.
(3)Andrew Greene,Malcolm Turnbull Sticks to Tony Abbott's Defence Spending Pledges in Long-awaited White Paper",http://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-02-23/defence-white-paper-turnbullsticks-to-abbott-pledges/7194480.
(4)同(3)。
(5)Greg Jennett,"Defence White Paper:Australia Joins Asia's Arms Race with Spending on Weaponry and Military Forces to Reach$195h",http://www.abc.net.au/inews/2016-02-25/defence-whitepaper-released-increased-spending/7198632.
(6)Lindsay Murdoch.,South China Sea:Australia Involved in Balikatanii War Games amid Warnings",Sydney Morning lierald,Apr.5,2016,http://www.smh.com.au/world/south-china-sea-australiainvolved-in-balikatan-war-games-under-chinas-nose-20160405-gnyplf.html#ixzz4A07fsLOw.
(7)Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade,“Lnited States Fact Sheet;Japan Fact Sheet",2015,p.1.
(8)Sean Nicholls."Pauline llanson's Message to Scott Morrison:'Don't Sell Ausgrid'",Sydney Morning llerald,Jul.30.2016.http://www.smh.com.au/federal-politics/political-news/paulinehansons-message-to-scott-morrison-dont-sell-ausgrid-20160729-gqgwjp.html.
(1)Steven Mufson,“Obama Administration Denies Chinese Firm Due Process,Appeals Court Rules",Washington Post,Jul.15,2014.