攻击性驾驶行为的综合模型
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摘要
攻击性驾驶行为的综合模型(a comprehensive model of driver aggression)将"挫折-攻击"模型与一般攻击性模型相结合,提出个人因素与情境因素对心理过程具有交互作用,阐明了认知评估、情绪唤醒对攻击性驾驶行为的影响机制。该模型能很好解释在道路冲突中,驾驶员的攻击性持续升级的原因,以及为什么在道路攻击性驾驶行为事件中,"肇事者"和"受害者"的角色模糊不清,这有助于更好地确定攻击性驾驶行为对交通事故和道路安全的影响,对攻击性驾驶行为的对策研究具有重要价值。
A comprehensive model of driver aggression is an integration of the "frustration-aggression" model and the general aggression model. It proposes that psychological processes could interact with personal factors and situational factors. Furthermore, influence mechanism of cognitive appraisals and emotional arousal on driver aggression clarified in this model. In simple terms, using this model has two advantages. First, it can help us to better understand the way that driver's aggression continues to escalate on the road. Second, it can better illustrate why the roles of perpetrator and victim become blurred In the case of aggressive road driving behavior. From what has been discussed above, this model can help us better determine the impact of aggressive driving behavior on traffic accidents and road safety. Finally, it is of great value to study the countermeasures of aggressive driving behavior.
A comprehensive model of driver aggression is an integration of the "frustration-aggression" model and the general aggression model. It proposes that psychological processes could interact with personal factors and situational factors. Furthermore, influence mechanism of cognitive appraisals and emotional arousal on driver aggression clarified in this model. In simple terms, using this model has two advantages. First, it can help us to better understand the way that driver's aggression continues to escalate on the road. Second, it can better illustrate why the roles of perpetrator and victim become blurred In the case of aggressive road driving behavior. From what has been discussed above, this model can help us better determine the impact of aggressive driving behavior on traffic accidents and road safety. Finally, it is of great value to study the countermeasures of aggressive driving behavior.
引文
国家安全生产监督管理总局国际交流合作中心,交通运输部交通国际合作事务中心,德国机动车监督协会.(2017.12).《道路交通运输安全发展报告(2017)》.首届国际交通运输安全博览会.北京.
交通运输部公路科学研究院,中瑞交通安全研究中心.(2015).2015年中国道路交通安全蓝皮书.北京:人民交通出版社.
AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety.(2009).Aggressive driving:Research update.Washington,DC:AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety.
Anderson,C.A.,&Bushman,B.J.(2002).Human aggression.Annual Review of Psychology,53(19),27-51.
Ba,Y.,Zhang,W.,Reimer,B.,Yang,Y.,&Salvendy,G.(2015).The effect of communicational signals on drivers'subjective appraisal and visual attention during interactive driving scenarios.Behaviour and Information Technology,34(11),1-12.
Bailey,S.,Lennon,A.,&Watson,B.(2016).Getting mad may not mean getting even:The influence of drivers’ethical ideologies on driving anger and related behaviour.Transportation Research Part F:Traffic Psychology and Behaviour,36,104-116.
Ben-Ari,O.T.,Kaplan,S.,Lotan,T.,&Prato,C.G.(2016).The combined contribution of personality,family traits,and reckless driving intentions to young men’s risky driving:What role does anger play?Transportation Research Part F Traffic Psychology and Behaviour,42,299-306.
Blankenship,K.L.,Nesbit,S.M.,&Murray,R.A.(2013).Driving anger and metacognition:The role of thought confidence on anger and aggressive driving intentions.Aggressive Behavior,39(4),323-334.
Bogdan,S.R.,M?irean,C.,&Havarneanu,C.E.(2016).Ameta-analysis of the association between anger and aggressive driving.Transportation Research Part F:Traffic Psychology and Behaviour,42,350-364.
Britt,T.W.,&Garrity,M.J.(2006).Attributions and personality as predictors of the road rage response.British Journal of Social Psychology,45(1),127-147.
Bumgarner,D.J.,Webb,J.R.,&Dula,C.S.(2016).Forgiveness and adverse driving outcomes within the past five years:Driving anger,driving anger expression,and aggressive driving behaviors as mediators.Transportation Research Part F:Traffic Psychology and Behaviour,42,317-331.
Bushman,B.J.,Steffgen,G.,Kerwin,T.,Whitlock,T.,&Weisenberger,J.M.(2018).“Don’t you know I own the road?”The link between narcissism and aggressive driving.Transportation Research Part F:Traffic Psychology and Behaviour,52,14-20.
Carroll,A.,Davidson,A.,&Ogloff,J.(2010).Characteristics of perpetrators of serious violence on the roads.Psychiatry Psychology and Law,17(4),582-593.
Cleary,J.,Lennon,A.,&Swann,A.(2016).Should we be aiming to engage drivers more with others on-road?Driving moral disengagement and self-reported driving aggression.Paper presented at the 26th Canadian association of road safety professionals conference.
Craciun,G.,Shin,D.,&Zhang,J.Q.(2017).Safe driving communication:A regulatory focus perspective.Journal of Consumer Behaviour,16(6),50-60.
Du,X.,Shen,Y.,Chang,R.,&Ma,J.(2018).The exceptionists of Chinese roads:The effect of road situationsand ethical positions on driver aggression.Transportation Research Part F:Traffic Psychology and Behaviour,58,719-729.
Demir,B.,Demir,S.,&?zkan,T.(2016).A contextual model of driving anger:A meta-analysis.Transportation Research Part F:Traffic Psychology and Behaviour,42(2),332-349.
Dewall,C.N.,&Bushman,B.J.(2011).Social acceptance and rejection:The sweet and the bitter.Current Directions in Psychological Science,20(4),256-260.
Dollard,J.,Miller,N.E.,Doob,L.W.,Mowrer,O.H.,&Sears,R.R.(1939).Frustration and aggression:New haven,Yale University Press.
Efrat,K.,&Shoham,A.(2013).The theory of planned behavior,materialism,and aggressive driving.Accident Analysis&Prevention,59(4),459-465.
Emo,A.K.,Matthews,G.,&Funke,G.J.(2016).The slow and the furious:Anger,stress and risky passing in simulated traffic congestion.Transportation Research Part F:Traffic Psychology and Behaviour,42(1),1-14.
Fitzpatrick,C.D.,Samuel,S.,&Knodler,J.M.(2017).The use of a driving simulator to determine how time pressures impact driver aggressiveness.Accident Analysis&Prevention,108,131-138.
Forsyth,D.R.(1980).A taxonomy of ethical ideologies.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,39(1),175-184.
Galovski,T.E.,&Blanchard,E.B.(2002).The effectiveness of a brief psychological intervention on court-referred and self-referred aggressive drivers.Behaviour Research and Therapy,40(12),1385-1402.
Ge,Y.,Qu,W.,Zhang,Q.,Zhao,W.,&Zhang,K.(2015).Psychometric adaptation of the driving anger expression inventory in a Chinese sample.Transportation Research Part F:Traffic Psychology and Behaviour,33,75-86.
Haglund,M.,&?berg,L.(2000).Speed choice in relation to speed limit and influences from other drivers.Transportation Research Part F:Traffic Psychology and Behaviour,3(1),39-51.
Hennessy,D.A.(2016).Are narcissists really angrier drivers?An examination of state driving anger among narcissistic subtypes.Transportation Research Part F:Traffic Psychology and Behaviour,42,267-275.
Hennessy,D.A.,Jakubowski,R.D.,&Leo,B.(2016).The impact of Primacy/Recency Effects and Hazard Monitoring on attributions of other drivers.Transportation Research Part F:Traffic Psychology and Behaviour,39,43-53.
Hennessy,D.A.,&Wiesenthal,D.L.(1997).The relationship between traffic congestion,driver stress and direct versus indirect coping behaviours.Ergonomics,40(3),348-361.
Heslop,S.(2014).Driver boredom:Its individual difference predictors and behavioural effects.Transportation Research Part F:Traffic Psychology and Behaviour,22(22),159-169.
Ji,X.,Haferkamp,L.,Cheng,C.,Charunratanavisan,M.,Neuhaus,A.,Sun,N.,&Rau,P-L.P.(2015).Design of Vehicle-to-Vehicle Communication System for Chinese and German Drivers:Springer International Publishing.
Konrath,S.,Bushman,B.J.,&Campbell,W.K.(2006).Attenuating the link between threatened egotism and aggression.Psychological Science,17(11),995-1001.
Kovácsová,N.,Lajunen,T.,&Ro?ková,E.(2016).Aggression on the road:Relationships between dysfunctional impulsivity,forgiveness,negative emotions,and aggressive driving.Transportation Research Part F:Traffic Psychology and Behaviour,42,286-298.
Kovácsová,N.,Ro?ková,E.,&Lajunen,T.(2014).Forgivingness,anger,and hostility in aggressive driving.Accident Analysis&Prevention,62,303-308.
Krahé,B.(2005).Predictors of women's aggressive driving behavior.Aggressive Behavior,31(6),537-546.
Lajunen,T.,Parker,D.,&Summala,H.(1999).Does traffic congestion increase driver aggression?Transportation Research Part F:Traffic Psychology and Behaviour,2(4),225-236.
Leckie,G.J.,&Hopkins,J.(2002).The public place of central libraries:Findings from Toronto and Vancouver.Library Quarterly,72(3),326-372.
Lennon,A.,&King,M.(2015).Sharing social space with strangers:Setting,signalling and policing informal rules of driving etiquette.Proceedings of the 2015 Australasian Road Safety Conference.October,Gold Coast,Australia.
Lennon,A.,Watson,B.,Arlidge,C.,&Fraine,G.(2011).‘You’re a bad driver but I just made a mistake’:Attribution differences between the‘victims’and‘perpetrators’of scenario-based aggressive driving incidents.Transportation Research Part F:Psychology and Behaviour,14(3),209-221.
Lonero,L.P.(2007).Finding the next cultural paradigm for road safety.In A.F.f.T.Safety(Ed.),Improving traffic safety culture in the united states;The journey forward(pp.1-20).Washington DC:AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety.
Mann,R.E.,Zhao,J.,Stoduto,G.,Adlaf,E.M.,Smart,R.G.,&Donovan,J.E.(2007).Road rage and collision involvement.American Journal of Health Behavior,31(4),384-391.
Nickerson,R.S.(1998).Confirmation bias:A ubiquitous phenomenon in many guises.Review of General Psychology,2(2),175-220.
Precht,L.,Keinath,A.,&Krems,J.F.(2017).Effects of driving anger on driver behavior-Results from naturalistic driving data.Transportation Research Part F:Traffic Psychology and Behaviour,45,75-92.
Przepiorka,A.M.,Blachnio,A.,&Wiesenthal,D.L.(2014).The determinants of driving aggression among Polish drivers.Transportation Research Part F:Traffic Psychology and Behaviour,27(1),69-80.
Rowden,P.,Watson,B.,Haworth,N.,Lennon,A.,Shaw,L.,&Blackman,R.(2016).Motorcycle riders’self-reported aggression when riding compared with car driving.Transportation Research Part F:Traffic Psychology and Behaviour,36,92-103.
Rowe,R.,Andrews,E.,Harris,P.R.,Armitage,C.J.,Mckenna,F.P.,&Norman,P.(2016).Identifying beliefs underlying pre-drivers'intentions to take risks:An application of the theory of planned behaviour.Accident Analysis&Prevention,89,49-56.
Sani,S.R.H.,Tabibi,Z.,Fadardi,J.S.,&Stavrinos,D.(2017).Aggression,emotional self-regulation,attentional bias,and cognitive inhibition predict risky driving behavior.Accident Analysis&Prevention,109,78-88.
Sansone,R.A.,Leung,J.S.,&Wiederman,M.W.(2012).Driving citations and aggressive behavior.Traffic Injury Prevention,13(3),337-340.
Shaw,L.M.(2016).It's the thought that counts:Developing a model of driver aggression by exploring the underlying cognitive processes.(Unpublished doctorial dissertation).Faculty of Health Queensland University of Technology.
Shaw,L.,Lennon,A.,&Watson,B.(2014).Can’t we all just get along?A qualitative investigation of the cognitive processes motivating driver aggression.Journal of Physical Chemistry C,115(46),23126-23133.
Shinar,D.(1998).Aggressive driving:The contribution of the drivers and the situation.Transportation Research Part F:Traffic Psychology and Behaviour,1(2),137-160.
Shinar,D.,&Compton,R.(2004).Aggressive driving:An observational study of driver,vehicle,and situational variables.Accident Analysis&Prevention,36(3),429-437.
Sinclair,M.(2013).Attitudes,norms and driving behaviour:A comparison of young drivers in South Africa and Sweden.Transportation Research Part F:Traffic Psychology and Behaviour,20(3),170-181.
Soole,D.W.,Lennon,A.J.,Watson,B.C.,&Bingham,C.R.(2011).Towards a comprehensive model of driver aggression:A review of the literature and directions for the future.Traffic Safety.Transportation Issues,Polices and R&DSafety and Risk in Society Nova Science Publishers.
Swann,A.,Lennon,A.,&Cleary,J.(2017).Development and preliminary validation of a scale of driving moral disengagement as a tool in the exploration of driving aggression.Transportation Research Part F:Traffic Psychology and Behaviour,46,124-136.
Tillmann,W.A.,&Hobbs,G.E.(1949).The accident-prone automobile driver;A study of the psychiatric and social background.American Journal of Psychiatry,106(5),321-331.
Twenge,J.M.,Baumeister,R.F.,Tice,D.M.,&Stucke,T.S.(2001).If you can't join them,beat them:Effects of social exclusion on aggressive behavior.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,81(6),1058-1069.
Ulleberg,P.,&Rundmo,T.(2003).Personality,attitudes and risk perception as predictors of risky driving behaviour among young drivers.Safety Science,41(5),427-443.
Wang,X.,Yang,L.,Yang,J.,Wang,P.,&Lei,L.(2017).Trait anger and cyberbullying among young adults:Amoderated mediation model of moral disengagement and moral identity.Computers in Human Behavior,73,519-526.
Wang,X.,Yang,L.,Yang,J.,Gao,L.,Zhao,F.,Xie,X.,...Lei,L.(2018).Trait anger and aggression:A moderated mediation model of anger rumination and moral disengagement.Personality and Individual Differences,125,44-49.
Weiner,B.(2001).Responsibility for Social Transgressions:An Attributional Analysis.In B.F.Malle,L.J.Moses,&D.A.Baldwin(Eds.),Intentions and intentionality:Foundations of social cognition(pp.331-344).Cambridge,MA:MITPress.
Wickens,C.M.,Mann,R.E.,Ialomiteanu,A.R.,&Stoduto,G.(2016).Do driver anger and aggression contribute to the odds of a crash?A population-level analysis.Transportation Research Part F:Traffic Psychology and Behaviour,42,389-399.
Wickens,C.M.,Mann,R.E.,&Wiesenthal,D.L.(2013).Addressing driver aggression contributions from psychological science.Current Directions in Psychological Science,22(5),386-391.
Wickens,C.M.,Wiesenthal,D.L.,Flora,D.B.,&Flett,G.L.(2011).Understanding driver anger and aggression:Attributional theory in the driving environment.Journal of Experimental Psychology:Applied,17(4),354-370.doi:10.1037/a0025815.
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Wickens,C.M.,Wiesenthal,D.L.,&Roseborough,J.E.(2015).Personality predictors of driver vengeance.Violence&Victims,30(1),148-162.
Yagil,D.(2001).Interpersonal antecedents of drivers'aggression.Transportation Research Part F:Traffic Psychology and Behaviour,4(2),119-131.
Yan,G.,Zhang,Q.,Zhang,J.,Zhao,W.,Yu,T.,Zhang,K.,&Qu,W.(2016).Validation of the Driver’s Angry Thoughts Questionnaire(DATQ)in a Chinese sample.Accident Analysis&Prevention,95,362-372.
交通运输部公路科学研究院,中瑞交通安全研究中心.(2015).2015年中国道路交通安全蓝皮书.北京:人民交通出版社.
AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety.(2009).Aggressive driving:Research update.Washington,DC:AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety.
Anderson,C.A.,&Bushman,B.J.(2002).Human aggression.Annual Review of Psychology,53(19),27-51.
Ba,Y.,Zhang,W.,Reimer,B.,Yang,Y.,&Salvendy,G.(2015).The effect of communicational signals on drivers'subjective appraisal and visual attention during interactive driving scenarios.Behaviour and Information Technology,34(11),1-12.
Bailey,S.,Lennon,A.,&Watson,B.(2016).Getting mad may not mean getting even:The influence of drivers’ethical ideologies on driving anger and related behaviour.Transportation Research Part F:Traffic Psychology and Behaviour,36,104-116.
Ben-Ari,O.T.,Kaplan,S.,Lotan,T.,&Prato,C.G.(2016).The combined contribution of personality,family traits,and reckless driving intentions to young men’s risky driving:What role does anger play?Transportation Research Part F Traffic Psychology and Behaviour,42,299-306.
Blankenship,K.L.,Nesbit,S.M.,&Murray,R.A.(2013).Driving anger and metacognition:The role of thought confidence on anger and aggressive driving intentions.Aggressive Behavior,39(4),323-334.
Bogdan,S.R.,M?irean,C.,&Havarneanu,C.E.(2016).Ameta-analysis of the association between anger and aggressive driving.Transportation Research Part F:Traffic Psychology and Behaviour,42,350-364.
Britt,T.W.,&Garrity,M.J.(2006).Attributions and personality as predictors of the road rage response.British Journal of Social Psychology,45(1),127-147.
Bumgarner,D.J.,Webb,J.R.,&Dula,C.S.(2016).Forgiveness and adverse driving outcomes within the past five years:Driving anger,driving anger expression,and aggressive driving behaviors as mediators.Transportation Research Part F:Traffic Psychology and Behaviour,42,317-331.
Bushman,B.J.,Steffgen,G.,Kerwin,T.,Whitlock,T.,&Weisenberger,J.M.(2018).“Don’t you know I own the road?”The link between narcissism and aggressive driving.Transportation Research Part F:Traffic Psychology and Behaviour,52,14-20.
Carroll,A.,Davidson,A.,&Ogloff,J.(2010).Characteristics of perpetrators of serious violence on the roads.Psychiatry Psychology and Law,17(4),582-593.
Cleary,J.,Lennon,A.,&Swann,A.(2016).Should we be aiming to engage drivers more with others on-road?Driving moral disengagement and self-reported driving aggression.Paper presented at the 26th Canadian association of road safety professionals conference.
Craciun,G.,Shin,D.,&Zhang,J.Q.(2017).Safe driving communication:A regulatory focus perspective.Journal of Consumer Behaviour,16(6),50-60.
Du,X.,Shen,Y.,Chang,R.,&Ma,J.(2018).The exceptionists of Chinese roads:The effect of road situationsand ethical positions on driver aggression.Transportation Research Part F:Traffic Psychology and Behaviour,58,719-729.
Demir,B.,Demir,S.,&?zkan,T.(2016).A contextual model of driving anger:A meta-analysis.Transportation Research Part F:Traffic Psychology and Behaviour,42(2),332-349.
Dewall,C.N.,&Bushman,B.J.(2011).Social acceptance and rejection:The sweet and the bitter.Current Directions in Psychological Science,20(4),256-260.
Dollard,J.,Miller,N.E.,Doob,L.W.,Mowrer,O.H.,&Sears,R.R.(1939).Frustration and aggression:New haven,Yale University Press.
Efrat,K.,&Shoham,A.(2013).The theory of planned behavior,materialism,and aggressive driving.Accident Analysis&Prevention,59(4),459-465.
Emo,A.K.,Matthews,G.,&Funke,G.J.(2016).The slow and the furious:Anger,stress and risky passing in simulated traffic congestion.Transportation Research Part F:Traffic Psychology and Behaviour,42(1),1-14.
Fitzpatrick,C.D.,Samuel,S.,&Knodler,J.M.(2017).The use of a driving simulator to determine how time pressures impact driver aggressiveness.Accident Analysis&Prevention,108,131-138.
Forsyth,D.R.(1980).A taxonomy of ethical ideologies.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,39(1),175-184.
Galovski,T.E.,&Blanchard,E.B.(2002).The effectiveness of a brief psychological intervention on court-referred and self-referred aggressive drivers.Behaviour Research and Therapy,40(12),1385-1402.
Ge,Y.,Qu,W.,Zhang,Q.,Zhao,W.,&Zhang,K.(2015).Psychometric adaptation of the driving anger expression inventory in a Chinese sample.Transportation Research Part F:Traffic Psychology and Behaviour,33,75-86.
Haglund,M.,&?berg,L.(2000).Speed choice in relation to speed limit and influences from other drivers.Transportation Research Part F:Traffic Psychology and Behaviour,3(1),39-51.
Hennessy,D.A.(2016).Are narcissists really angrier drivers?An examination of state driving anger among narcissistic subtypes.Transportation Research Part F:Traffic Psychology and Behaviour,42,267-275.
Hennessy,D.A.,Jakubowski,R.D.,&Leo,B.(2016).The impact of Primacy/Recency Effects and Hazard Monitoring on attributions of other drivers.Transportation Research Part F:Traffic Psychology and Behaviour,39,43-53.
Hennessy,D.A.,&Wiesenthal,D.L.(1997).The relationship between traffic congestion,driver stress and direct versus indirect coping behaviours.Ergonomics,40(3),348-361.
Heslop,S.(2014).Driver boredom:Its individual difference predictors and behavioural effects.Transportation Research Part F:Traffic Psychology and Behaviour,22(22),159-169.
Ji,X.,Haferkamp,L.,Cheng,C.,Charunratanavisan,M.,Neuhaus,A.,Sun,N.,&Rau,P-L.P.(2015).Design of Vehicle-to-Vehicle Communication System for Chinese and German Drivers:Springer International Publishing.
Konrath,S.,Bushman,B.J.,&Campbell,W.K.(2006).Attenuating the link between threatened egotism and aggression.Psychological Science,17(11),995-1001.
Kovácsová,N.,Lajunen,T.,&Ro?ková,E.(2016).Aggression on the road:Relationships between dysfunctional impulsivity,forgiveness,negative emotions,and aggressive driving.Transportation Research Part F:Traffic Psychology and Behaviour,42,286-298.
Kovácsová,N.,Ro?ková,E.,&Lajunen,T.(2014).Forgivingness,anger,and hostility in aggressive driving.Accident Analysis&Prevention,62,303-308.
Krahé,B.(2005).Predictors of women's aggressive driving behavior.Aggressive Behavior,31(6),537-546.
Lajunen,T.,Parker,D.,&Summala,H.(1999).Does traffic congestion increase driver aggression?Transportation Research Part F:Traffic Psychology and Behaviour,2(4),225-236.
Leckie,G.J.,&Hopkins,J.(2002).The public place of central libraries:Findings from Toronto and Vancouver.Library Quarterly,72(3),326-372.
Lennon,A.,&King,M.(2015).Sharing social space with strangers:Setting,signalling and policing informal rules of driving etiquette.Proceedings of the 2015 Australasian Road Safety Conference.October,Gold Coast,Australia.
Lennon,A.,Watson,B.,Arlidge,C.,&Fraine,G.(2011).‘You’re a bad driver but I just made a mistake’:Attribution differences between the‘victims’and‘perpetrators’of scenario-based aggressive driving incidents.Transportation Research Part F:Psychology and Behaviour,14(3),209-221.
Lonero,L.P.(2007).Finding the next cultural paradigm for road safety.In A.F.f.T.Safety(Ed.),Improving traffic safety culture in the united states;The journey forward(pp.1-20).Washington DC:AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety.
Mann,R.E.,Zhao,J.,Stoduto,G.,Adlaf,E.M.,Smart,R.G.,&Donovan,J.E.(2007).Road rage and collision involvement.American Journal of Health Behavior,31(4),384-391.
Nickerson,R.S.(1998).Confirmation bias:A ubiquitous phenomenon in many guises.Review of General Psychology,2(2),175-220.
Precht,L.,Keinath,A.,&Krems,J.F.(2017).Effects of driving anger on driver behavior-Results from naturalistic driving data.Transportation Research Part F:Traffic Psychology and Behaviour,45,75-92.
Przepiorka,A.M.,Blachnio,A.,&Wiesenthal,D.L.(2014).The determinants of driving aggression among Polish drivers.Transportation Research Part F:Traffic Psychology and Behaviour,27(1),69-80.
Rowden,P.,Watson,B.,Haworth,N.,Lennon,A.,Shaw,L.,&Blackman,R.(2016).Motorcycle riders’self-reported aggression when riding compared with car driving.Transportation Research Part F:Traffic Psychology and Behaviour,36,92-103.
Rowe,R.,Andrews,E.,Harris,P.R.,Armitage,C.J.,Mckenna,F.P.,&Norman,P.(2016).Identifying beliefs underlying pre-drivers'intentions to take risks:An application of the theory of planned behaviour.Accident Analysis&Prevention,89,49-56.
Sani,S.R.H.,Tabibi,Z.,Fadardi,J.S.,&Stavrinos,D.(2017).Aggression,emotional self-regulation,attentional bias,and cognitive inhibition predict risky driving behavior.Accident Analysis&Prevention,109,78-88.
Sansone,R.A.,Leung,J.S.,&Wiederman,M.W.(2012).Driving citations and aggressive behavior.Traffic Injury Prevention,13(3),337-340.
Shaw,L.M.(2016).It's the thought that counts:Developing a model of driver aggression by exploring the underlying cognitive processes.(Unpublished doctorial dissertation).Faculty of Health Queensland University of Technology.
Shaw,L.,Lennon,A.,&Watson,B.(2014).Can’t we all just get along?A qualitative investigation of the cognitive processes motivating driver aggression.Journal of Physical Chemistry C,115(46),23126-23133.
Shinar,D.(1998).Aggressive driving:The contribution of the drivers and the situation.Transportation Research Part F:Traffic Psychology and Behaviour,1(2),137-160.
Shinar,D.,&Compton,R.(2004).Aggressive driving:An observational study of driver,vehicle,and situational variables.Accident Analysis&Prevention,36(3),429-437.
Sinclair,M.(2013).Attitudes,norms and driving behaviour:A comparison of young drivers in South Africa and Sweden.Transportation Research Part F:Traffic Psychology and Behaviour,20(3),170-181.
Soole,D.W.,Lennon,A.J.,Watson,B.C.,&Bingham,C.R.(2011).Towards a comprehensive model of driver aggression:A review of the literature and directions for the future.Traffic Safety.Transportation Issues,Polices and R&DSafety and Risk in Society Nova Science Publishers.
Swann,A.,Lennon,A.,&Cleary,J.(2017).Development and preliminary validation of a scale of driving moral disengagement as a tool in the exploration of driving aggression.Transportation Research Part F:Traffic Psychology and Behaviour,46,124-136.
Tillmann,W.A.,&Hobbs,G.E.(1949).The accident-prone automobile driver;A study of the psychiatric and social background.American Journal of Psychiatry,106(5),321-331.
Twenge,J.M.,Baumeister,R.F.,Tice,D.M.,&Stucke,T.S.(2001).If you can't join them,beat them:Effects of social exclusion on aggressive behavior.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,81(6),1058-1069.
Ulleberg,P.,&Rundmo,T.(2003).Personality,attitudes and risk perception as predictors of risky driving behaviour among young drivers.Safety Science,41(5),427-443.
Wang,X.,Yang,L.,Yang,J.,Wang,P.,&Lei,L.(2017).Trait anger and cyberbullying among young adults:Amoderated mediation model of moral disengagement and moral identity.Computers in Human Behavior,73,519-526.
Wang,X.,Yang,L.,Yang,J.,Gao,L.,Zhao,F.,Xie,X.,...Lei,L.(2018).Trait anger and aggression:A moderated mediation model of anger rumination and moral disengagement.Personality and Individual Differences,125,44-49.
Weiner,B.(2001).Responsibility for Social Transgressions:An Attributional Analysis.In B.F.Malle,L.J.Moses,&D.A.Baldwin(Eds.),Intentions and intentionality:Foundations of social cognition(pp.331-344).Cambridge,MA:MITPress.
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