天然气水合物二次生成及渗透率变化对降压开采的影响
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摘要
在考虑天然气水合物二次生成及渗透率变化的基础上,建立了实验室尺度下的天然气水合物降压开采数学模型。利用该数学模型,对天然气水合物降压开采过程中的水合物二次生成进行了模拟,并分析评价了水合物二次生成及渗透率变化对水合物分解产气的影响。模拟结果表明:水合物二次生成主要局限于降压产气出口附近,二次水合物现象会引起局部水合物饱和度及温度、压力等发生明显变化;同时,水合物二次生成会导致产气速率大幅降低、产气持续时间延长和系统压力急剧增加,但累积产气量不受其影响。研究发现,不同于纯降压产气过程,在水合物二次生成的情形下,产气受出口压力的影响较大,而初始温度对产气的影响较小。
In the consideration of natural gas hydrate reformation and its permeability changes,a mathematic model was built for the laboratory-scale depressurization recovery of natural gas hydrate,so as to simulate gas hydrate reformation in the depressurization recovery process of natural gas hydrate and analytically evaluate the influences of gas hydrate reformation and its permeability changes on hydrate decomposition for gas recovery.The simulation results indicate that hydrate reformation mainly occurred in the vicinity of depressurization recovery outlet,leading to significant changes in local hydrate saturation,pressure and temperature.Meanwhile,hydrate reformation will result in a great reduction of gas recovery rate,the prolongation of gas recovery duration and abrupt increase of system pressure,but the cumulative gas output will not be affected.Research results indicate that it is different from pure depressurization recovery that under the case of hydrate reformation,gas recovery rate is greatly affected by outlet pressure,while initial temperature has less impact on gas recovery.
In the consideration of natural gas hydrate reformation and its permeability changes,a mathematic model was built for the laboratory-scale depressurization recovery of natural gas hydrate,so as to simulate gas hydrate reformation in the depressurization recovery process of natural gas hydrate and analytically evaluate the influences of gas hydrate reformation and its permeability changes on hydrate decomposition for gas recovery.The simulation results indicate that hydrate reformation mainly occurred in the vicinity of depressurization recovery outlet,leading to significant changes in local hydrate saturation,pressure and temperature.Meanwhile,hydrate reformation will result in a great reduction of gas recovery rate,the prolongation of gas recovery duration and abrupt increase of system pressure,but the cumulative gas output will not be affected.Research results indicate that it is different from pure depressurization recovery that under the case of hydrate reformation,gas recovery rate is greatly affected by outlet pressure,while initial temperature has less impact on gas recovery.
引文
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[29]阮徐可.多孔介质中甲烷水合物降压分解实验与数值模拟[D].大连:大连理工大学,2012.Ruan Xuke.Experimental and numerical study of the factors on the gas production from hydrates in porous media[D].Dalian:Dalian University of Technology,2012.
[2]宋永臣,阮徐可,梁海峰,等.天然气水合物热开采技术研究进展[J].过程工程学报,2009,9(5):1035-1040.Song Yongchen,Ruan Xuke,Liang Haifeng,et al.Research advance in thermal recovery of natural gas hydrate[J].The Chinese Journal of Process Engineering,2009,9(5):1035-1040.
[3]于兴河,王建忠,梁金强,等.南海北部陆坡天然气水合物沉积成藏特征[J].石油学报,2014,35(2):253-264.Yu Xinghe,Wang Jianzhong,Liang Jinqiang,et al.Depositional accumulation characteristics of gas hydrate in the northern continental slope of South China Sea[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2014,35(2):253-264.
[4]Ruan Xuke,Song Yongchen,Zhao Jiafei,et al.Numerical simulation of methane production from hydrates induced by different depressurizing approaches[J].Energies,2012,5(2):438-458.
[5]Ruan Xuke,Song Yongchen,Liang Haifeng,et al.Numerical simulation of the gas production behavior of hydrate dissociation by depressurization in hydrate-bearing porous medium[J].Energy&Fuels,2012,26(3):1681-1694.
[6]Wang Yi,Li Xiaosen,Li Gang,et al.Experimental investigation into methane hydrate production during three-dimensional thermal stimulation with five-spot well system[J].Applied Energy,2013,110:90-97.
[7]Li Gang,Li Xiaosen,Tang Liangguang,et al.Experimental investigation of production behavior of methane hydrate under ethylene glycol injection in unconsolidated sediment[J].Energy&Fuels,2007,21(6):3388-3393.
[8]Hyodo M,Li Yanghui,Yoneda J,et al.A comparative analysis of the mechanical behavior of carbon dioxide and methane hydrate-bearing sediments[J].American Mineralogist,2014,99(1):178-183.
[9]徐纯刚,李小森,蔡晶,等.二氧化碳置换法模拟开采天然气水合物的研究进展[J].化工学报,2013,64(7):2309-2315.Xu Chungang,Li Xiaosen,Cai Jing,et al.Advance on simulation exploitation of natural gas hydrate by replacement with CO2[J].CIESC Journal,2013,64(7):2309-2315.
[10]Li Gang,Moridis G J,Zhang Keni,et al.Evaluation of gas production potential from marine gas hydrate deposits in Shenhu area of South China Sea[J].Energy&Fuels,2010,24(11):6018-6033.
[11]Ahn T,Kang J M,Lee J,et al.Experimental investigation of methane hydrate reformation under dissociation process[J].International Journal of Offshore and Polar Engineering,2010,20(1):68-71.
[12]Seol Y,Myshakin E.Experimental and numerical observations of hydrate reformation during depressurization in a core-scale reactor[J].Energy&Fuels,2011,25(3):1099-1110.
[13]Ahn T,Park C,Lee J,et al.Experimental characterization of production behaviour accompanying the hydrate reformation in methane-hydrate-bearing sediments[J].Journal of Canadian Petroleum Technology,2012,51(1):14-19.
[14]Sakamoto Y,Komai T,Kawamura T,et al.Laboratory-scale experiment of methane hydrate dissociation by hot-water injection and numerical analysis for permeability estimation in reservoir:Part 1-Numerical study for estimation of permeability in methane hydrate reservoir[J].International Journal of Offshore and Polar Engineering,2007,17(1):47-56.
[15]Selim M S,Sloan E D.Hydrate dissociation in sediment[J].SPE Reservoir Engineering,1990,5(2):245-251.
[16]Selim M S,Sloan E D.Heat and mass transfer during the dissociation of hydrate in porous media[J].AIChE Journal,1989,35(6):1049-1052.
[17]Tester J W,Modell M.Thermodynamics and its applications[M].3rd ed.New Jersey:Prentice Hall,1996.
[18]Kim H C,Bishnoi P R,Heidemann R A,et al.Kinetics of methane hydrate decomposition[J].Chemical Engineering Science,1987,42(7):1645-1653.
[19]Sun Xuefei,Mohanty K K.Kinetic simulation of methane hydrate formation and dissociation in porous media[J].Chemical Engineering Science,2006,61(11):3476-3495.
[20]Malegaonkar M B,Dholabhai P D,Bishnoi P R.Kinetics of carbon dioxide and methane hydrate formation[J].The Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering,1997,75(6):1090-1099.
[21]Englezos P,Kalogerakis N,Dholabhai P D,et al.Kinetics of formation of methane and ethane gas hydrates[J].Chemical Engineering Science,1987,42(11):2647-2658.
[22]Masuda Y,Fujinaga Y,Naganawa S.Modeling and experimental studies on dissociation of methane gas hydrates in Berea sandstone cores[C]∥Proceedings of the 3th International Conference on Gas Hydrates(ICGH1999).Salt Lake City,USA,1999.
[23]Corey A T.The interrelation between gas and oil relative permeabilities[J].Producers Monthly,1954,19(1):38-41.
[24]Konno Y,Masuda Y,Takenaka T,et al.Numerical study on permeability hysteresis during hydrate dissociation in hot water injection[C]∥Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Gas Hydrates(ICGH2008).Vancouver,British Columbia,Canada,July 6-10,2008.
[25]Liang Haifeng,Song Yongchen,Chen Yongjun.Numerical simulation for laboratory-scale methane hydrate dissociation by depressurization[J].Energy Conversion and Management,2010,51(10):1883-1890.
[26]刘乐乐,鲁晓兵,张旭辉.天然气水合物分解区演化数值分析[J].石油学报,2014,35(5):941-951.Liu Lele,Lu Xiaobing,Zhang Xuhui.Numerical analysis on evolution of natural gas hydrate decomposition region in hydratebearing sediment[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2014,35(5):941-951.
[27]Ertekin T,Abou-Kassem J H,King G R.Basic applied reservoir simulation[M].Richardson:Society of Petroleum Engineers,2001.
[28]Song Yongchen,Liang Haifeng.2-D numerical simulation of natural gas hydrate decomposition through depressurization by fully implicit method[J].China Ocean Engineering,2009,23(3):529-542.
[29]阮徐可.多孔介质中甲烷水合物降压分解实验与数值模拟[D].大连:大连理工大学,2012.Ruan Xuke.Experimental and numerical study of the factors on the gas production from hydrates in porous media[D].Dalian:Dalian University of Technology,2012.