长江下游南京段至河口近岸带底栖动物分布格局及影响因素
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摘要
长江南京段至河口近岸带底栖动物组成特征是了解长江下游干流生物分布格局和影响机制的重要参考. 2017年4月对长江干流南京段至河口6个江段43个样点的水体理化因子、栖息地和底栖动物开展了调查,共采集和鉴定底栖动物3门7纲17目35科63种.优势类群是节肢动物和软体动物,优势物种是水丝蚓Limnodrilus sp.,发现原分布于河口区域的圆锯齿吻沙蚕Dentinephtys glabra已成为南京段至河口的最常见多毛纲物种.镇江段物种丰富度和香农多样性均为最高,分别为31和1.71,其次为江阴段,长江北支的物种丰富度和香农多样性最低,分别为12和0.90.典范对应分析(CCA)表明水污染、适宜生境的退化或消失以及航运是长江下游干流南京至河口段底栖动物群落组成变化的主要影响因子.因此,长江下游干流底栖动物分布格局明显受人类活动的影响,水污染控制和生境修复等措施有利于底栖动物多样性的保护恢复.(图4表2参40附表2)
Macroinvertebrates are promising indictors for the elucidation of community distribution patterns in relation to environmental variables in the lower Yangtze River channel. We conducted a survey on the littoral zone macroinvertebrates,water physical-chemical variables, and habitat quality of 43 sites distributed in 6 sections from Nanjing down to the estuary in April 2017. Our goal was to examine the macroinvertebrate distribution pattern and explore the potential drivers in the lower Yangtze River channel. A total of 63 taxa belonging to 35 families, 17 orders, 3 classes, and 7 phyla, and were recorded and Arthropoda and Mollusca were dominant groups and Limnodrilus sp. was the dominant species. Interestingly, Dentinephtys glabra, previously recorded in the estuary only, was a common species of nereid from the estuary up to Nanjing. In terms of the species richness, the Shannon-Wiener index has conducted in 6 sections, Zhenjiang had the highest richness with 31 and a diversity index of 1.71, followed by Jiangyin, and the north branch of the estuary had the lowest richness of 12 and diversity index of 0.90. Results of canonical correspondence analysis showed that water pollution, habitat degradation or loss, and shipping were the major factors influencing the macroinvertebrate distribution. The distribution pattern of macroinvertebrates was highly influenced by human activities, and water pollution control and habitat restoration were equally important for the conservation of macroinvertebrate diversity in the lower Yangtze River channel.
Macroinvertebrates are promising indictors for the elucidation of community distribution patterns in relation to environmental variables in the lower Yangtze River channel. We conducted a survey on the littoral zone macroinvertebrates,water physical-chemical variables, and habitat quality of 43 sites distributed in 6 sections from Nanjing down to the estuary in April 2017. Our goal was to examine the macroinvertebrate distribution pattern and explore the potential drivers in the lower Yangtze River channel. A total of 63 taxa belonging to 35 families, 17 orders, 3 classes, and 7 phyla, and were recorded and Arthropoda and Mollusca were dominant groups and Limnodrilus sp. was the dominant species. Interestingly, Dentinephtys glabra, previously recorded in the estuary only, was a common species of nereid from the estuary up to Nanjing. In terms of the species richness, the Shannon-Wiener index has conducted in 6 sections, Zhenjiang had the highest richness with 31 and a diversity index of 1.71, followed by Jiangyin, and the north branch of the estuary had the lowest richness of 12 and diversity index of 0.90. Results of canonical correspondence analysis showed that water pollution, habitat degradation or loss, and shipping were the major factors influencing the macroinvertebrate distribution. The distribution pattern of macroinvertebrates was highly influenced by human activities, and water pollution control and habitat restoration were equally important for the conservation of macroinvertebrate diversity in the lower Yangtze River channel.
引文
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4谢平.长江的生物多样性危机--水利工程是祸首,酷渔乱捕是帮凶[J].湖泊科学,2017,29(6):1279-1299[Xie P.Biodiversity crisis in the Yangtze River:the culprit was dams,followed by overfishing[J].J Lake Sci,2017,29(6):1279-1299]
5 Wu J,Cheng SP,Li Z,Guo WJ,Zhong F,Yin DQ.Case study on rehabilitation of a polluted urban water body in Yangtze River Basin[J].Environ Sci Pol,2013,20(10):7038-7045
6 Lewis LJ,Davenport J,Kelly TC.A study of the impact of a pipeline construction on estuarine benthic invertebrate communities Part 2.Recolonization by benthic invertebrates after 1 year and response of estuarine birds[J].Estuar Coast Shelf Sci,2003,57(1-2):201-208
7 Resh VH,Norris RH,Barbour MT.Design and implementation of rapid assessment approaches for water resource monitoring using benthic macroinvertebrates[J].Austral Ecol,2010,20(1):108-121
8张二凤,陈西庆.长江大通-河口段枯季的径流量变化[J].地理学报,2003,58(2):231-238[Zhang EF,Chen XQ.Changes of water discharge between Datong and the Changjiang estuary during the dry season[J].Acta Geogr Sin,2003,58(2):231-238]
9 Baldwin DS,Mitchell AM.The effects of drying and re-flooding on the sediment and soil nutrient dynamics of lowland river-floodplain systems:a synthesis[J].River Res Appl,2000,16(5):457-467
10 McClain ME,Boyer EW,Dent CL,Gergel SE,Grimm NB,Groffman PM,Hart SC,Harvey JW,Johnston CA,Mayorga E,Mcdowell WH,Pinay G.Biogeochemical hot spots and hot moments at the interface of terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems[J].Ecosystems,2003,6(4):301-312
11陈校辉.长江江苏段水生生物调查与研究[D].南京:南京农业大学,2007[Chen XH.Research of hydrobiology in the Yangtze River in Jiangsu province[D].Nanjing:Nanjing Agricultural University,2007]
12彭增辉,何雪宝,冯伟松,崔永德.长江镇江段不同生境类型底栖动物群落结构研究[J].长江流域资源与环境,2013,22(4):433-438[Peng ZH,He XB,Feng WS,Cui YD.Macrozoobenthic community structure in different types of habitat,Zhenjiang Reach,The Yangtze River,China[J].Resour Environ Yangtze Basin,2013,22(4):433-438]
13李娣,牛志春,王霞,吕学研,蔡琨,于红霞.长江江苏段底栖动物群落结构与多样性分析[J].应用与环境生物学报,2015,21(1):96-100[Li D,Niu ZC,Wang X,LüHX,Cai K,Yu HX.Distribution and diversity of microbenthic communities in Jiangsu Rarch of the Yangtze River[J].Chin J Appl Environ Biol,2015,21(1):96-100]
14徐兆礼,蒋玫,白雪梅,朱江兴,袁琪.长江口底栖动物生态研究[J].中国水产科学,1999,6(5):59-62[Xu ZL,Jiang M,Bai XM,Zhu JX,Yuan Q.An ecological study on benthos in the Changjiang estuary[J].JFish Sci Chin,1999,6(5):59-62]
15刘文亮.长江河口大型底栖动物及其优势种探讨[D].上海:华东师范大学,2007[LIU WL,The Benthic Macro-invertebrates and dominant groups idenfication in the Yangzte estuary[D].Shanghai:East China Normal University,2007]
16赵开彬.长江口北支及其邻近海域大型底栖动物时空分布的研究[D].上海:上海海洋大学,2015[Zhao KB.Spatial and temporal distribution of macrobenthos in north branch of Yangzte River estuary and adjacent sea[D].Shanghai:Shanghai Ocean University,2015]
17段学花,宋晓兰,奚海明,宋立新,郑科,卞金良.江阴市河流底栖动物群落结构特征及其生物多样性[J].长江流域资源与环境,2012(S1):46-50[Duan XH,Song XL,Xi HM,Zheng K,Bian JL.Community structures and biodiversity of benthic macroinvertebrates for the rivers in Jiangyin Jiangsu Province[J].Resour Environ Yangtze Basin,2012(S1):46-50]
18姚允龙.长江下游干流南京至镇江河段水面比降分析[J].水文,2008,28(2):78-79[Yao YL.Analysis of surface slope in Nanjing-Zhenjiang Reach of the Yangtze River[J].Hydrology,2008,28(2):78-79]
19 Barbour M T,Gerritsen J.Subsampling of benthic samples:a defense of the fixed-count method[J].J N Am Benthol Soc,1996,15(3):386-391
20 Barbour MT,Gerritsen J,Snyder BD,Stribling JB.Rapid Bioassessment Protocols Foruse in Streams and Wadable Rivers:Periphyton,Benthic Invertebrates and Fish[M].Boston:United States Environmental Protection Agency,1999
21何雪宝.西藏和四条大型河流水栖寡毛类区系研究[D].北京:中国科学院研究生院,2011[He XB.Studies on faunae of aquatic Oligochaeta(Annelida)in Tibet and four large rivers of China[D].Beijing:Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences,2011]
22孙瑞平,杨德渐.中国动物志无脊椎动物第三十三卷环节动物门多毛纲(二)沙蚕目[M].北京:科学出版社,2004[Sun RP,Yang DC.Fauna Sinica Invertebrates Polychaeta Volume 33 Annelida Polychaeta(II)Nereis Orders[M].Beijing:Sciences Press,2004]
23刘月英.中国经济动物志:淡水软体动物[M].北京:科学出版社,1979[Liu YY.China Economic Fauna,Freshwater Mollusca[M].Beijing:Science Press,1979]
24刘文亮,何文珊.长江河口大型底栖无脊椎动物[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,2007[Liu WL,He WS.Macrobenthic Invertebrates in Yangtze River Estuary[M].Shanghai:Shanghai Scientific&Technical Publishers,2007]
25王俊才,王新华.中国北方摇蚊幼虫[M].北京:中国言实出版社,2011[Wang JC,Wang XH.Chironomid larva in Northern China[M].Beijing:China Yan Shi Press,2011]
26王寿兵.对传统生物多样性指数的质疑[J].复旦学报(自然科学版),2003,42(6):867-868[Wang SB.A question on the traditional biodiversity index[J].J Fudan Univ(Nat Sci),2003,42(6):867-868]
27 Curtis JT,McIntosh RP.An upland forest continuum in the prairieforest border region of Wisconsin[J].Ecology,1951,32(3):476-496
28 Lennon J J,Koleff P,Greenwood J J D,Gaston K J.The geographical structure of British bird distributions:diversity,spatial turnover and scale[J].J Anim Ecol,2001,70(6):966-979
29赵伟华.中国河流底栖动物宏观格局及黄河下游生态需水研究[D].北京:中国科学院大学,2010[Zhao WH.Macroecological patterns of macrozoobenthos in rivers of China and environmental flow requirements in lower reaches of The Yellow River[D].Beijing:University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,2010]
30吴天惠,陈其羽.长江下游南京至江阴江段底栖动物的种群密度与分布状况[J].水生生物学报,1986,10(1):73-85[Wu TH,Chen QY.Population densities and distribution of zoobenthos in the lower reaches(Nanjing-Jiangyin section)of Changjiang(The Yangtze)River[J].Acta Hydrobiol Sin,1986,10(1):73-85]
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