摘要
在我国,伴随着经济体制转轨和社会转型,流浪儿童问题日益加重。据调查显示,流浪儿童年龄多集中在12-16岁,该时期正值个体的青春期,是一个易发情绪困扰、负性情绪多发的时期。因此,本研究采用调查法和访谈法探讨了流浪儿童的情绪特征及内在期望,在此基础上采用准实验法,以焦点解决短期心理咨询技术为指导,探讨团体心理辅导对流浪儿童负性情绪的干预效果。研究一,流浪儿童情绪现状的量化研究:采取便利抽样的方法,利用《正性负性情绪量表》对广西南宁市、柳州市、桂林市和贵州凯里等四个城市的90名流浪儿童进行调查,对所得数据进行统计分析,探讨流浪儿童的情绪特征及其在人口学变量上的差异。研究二,流浪儿童负性情绪现状的质性研究:采用半结构化访谈方式对16名流浪儿童进行访谈,然后用扎根理论研究方法对所收集到的质性材料进行整理和分析,探讨流浪儿童负性情绪的症状表现及流浪儿童的内在期望。研究三,以焦点解决短期心理咨询技术为指导,结合积极心理学、团体动力学理论编制了负性情绪团体心理辅导方案,用来干预流浪儿童的负性情绪。运用正性负性情绪量表、团体总体评估表对干预效果进行评估。研究得出以下结论:(1)流浪儿童正性情绪水平显著低于普通儿童,负性情绪水平显著高于普通儿童。(2)流浪儿童负性情绪存在显著的性别差异,流浪女生比流浪男生体验到更多的痛苦,但流浪儿童正性情绪不存在显著的性别差异。(3)流浪儿童正性情绪、负性情绪在年龄、户籍所在地等人口学变量上不存在显著性差异。(4)流浪儿童负性情绪在情绪上主要表现为激惹冲动、孤独感、恐惧感、内疚感和厌恶感;在认知上表现为隔离和遗弃、过度警惕和抑制;在行为上表现为攻击行为、偷窃行为、撒谎行为、默默忍受、防御;流浪儿童"爱和归属"的需要得不到满足。(5)焦点解决取向团体辅导能够改善流浪儿童负性情绪水平,具有立即性辅导效果。
In our country, along with the economic system transition and social transformation, the problems of street children are increasingly serious. According to the survey, the age of street children is mostly concentrated in 12 to 16, they entering puberty, which makes them easier to experience emotional distress and negative emotions. Therefore, this research adopted questionnaire and interview method to investigate the street children's characteristic of emotion and their inner expectations, and based on this, the research adopted quasi-experimental method, guided by the solution focused brief counseling, discussed the intervention effect that group psychological counseling was used to improve the negative emotions of street children. Study one, quantitative research for the situation of street children's emotion: By using the Positive Negative Emotions scale, 90 street children from Guangxi Nanning, Liuzhou, Guilin and Guiyang Carey were investigated. Test was used the convenience sampling method, the data were analyzed and discussed the situation of street children's emotion and its differences in demographic variables. Study two, qualitative research for the situation of street children's negative emotions: Interviewed 16 street children with semi-structured-interview method, and then sorted and analyzed qualitative material with research method of grounded theory, and discussed the symptoms of street children's negative emotions and their inner expectations. Study three, guided by the techniques of the solution focused brief counseling, combined with positive psychology and group dynamics theory, compiled the group counseling intervention plans, which is used to improve street children's negative emotions. At last, the intervention effect was assessed by the Positive Negative Emotions scale and group overall feedback. The results are as follows:(1) The level of street children's positive emotions is significantly lower than ordinary children, the level of negative emotions is higher than ordinary children.(2) The negative emotions of street children has significant gender differences, the homeless girls experience more pain than the boys, but gender on street children's positive emotions has no significant differences.(3) The positive emotions and negative emotions of street children have no significant differences in age and census register seat.(4) The negative emotions of street children are showed irritability, loneliness, fear, guilt and disgust; On the negative emotional cognitive performance for isolation and abandonment, excessive alert and inhibition; emotional extroversion behavior performance for aggressive behavior, stealing, cheating, introversion behavior is mainly absorbed, defense; The needs of street children's "love and belonging" are not being met.(5) Focus group counseling solve orientation can improve the level of street children's negative emotions, which is has follow-up effect.
引文