摘要
鹿茸是唯一可以周期性完全再生的哺乳动物器官,这种再生起源于骨膜干细胞。鹿茸再生伴随着皮肤、血管和神经的快速生成,而且多种多肽和生长因子参与其中,组成了一系列复杂而精密的信号调控通路。本文综述了鹿茸再生过程的组织学及分子信号通路研究现状,以信号转导通路为研究重点揭示鹿茸再生之谜,期望更好地了解哺乳动物器官再生机制。
Deer antlers,derivatives of periosteum cells,are the only mammalian appendages capable of full renewal in yearly cycle.Antler regeneration along with the rapid generation of skin,blood vessels and nerves,and a variety of peptides and growth factors are involved,all of that are regulated by a series of complex and sophisticated signal pathways.This paper summarizes the histological progress of antler regeneration and the present research status of signaling pathways thereof,with a focus on signal transduction pathways to reveal the mystery of antler regeneration,with the aim to gain a better understanding of the mechanism of mammalian organ regeneration.
引文
[1]江润祥,高锦明,叶大同,等.鹿茸表皮生长因子[J].动物学报,1987,33(4):301-308.
[2]李光玉.梅花鹿、马鹿营养、血液IGF1浓度及鹿茸生长规律研究[D].北京:中国农业科学院.2005.
[3]聂毅磊.鹿茸中神经生长因子的分离,纯化和表征[M].福州:福州大学,2002.
[4]王大涛,赵海平,褚文辉,等.梅花鹿S100A4基因的克隆及融合蛋白的表达[J].兽类学报,2011,31(1):103-107.
[5]王秋玉,王本祥.论鹿茸生长因子[J].中医药学报,2000(6):10-11.
[6]徐代勋,梅花鹿鹿茸角柄骨膜不同部位差异蛋白的筛选[D].江苏,江苏科技大学:2011.
[7]Adams JL.1979.Innervation and blood supply of the antler pedicle of the red deer.N Z Vet J 27:200-201.
[8]Ambartsumian N,Grigorian M,Lukanidin E.Genetically modified mouse models to study the role of metastasis-promoting S100 A4(mtsl)protein in metastatic mammary cancer.J Dairy Res 2005;72 Spec No:27-33.
[9]Chunyi Li,Liu Z,Zhao S.Variation of testosterone and estradiol levels in plasma during each developmental stage of sika deer antler[J].Acta Theriol Sin 1988;8(3):224-231.
[10]Chunyi Li;Sheard PW,Corson ID,et al.Pedicle and antler development following sectioning of the sensory nerves to the antlerogenie region of red deer(Cervus elaphus).J Exp Zool 1993(267):188-197.
[11]Chunyi Li,James M.Suttie.Deer antlerogenie periosteum;a piece of postnatally retained embryonic tissue[J].Anat Embryol(2001),204:375-388.
[12]Chunyi Li,Littlejohn RP,Corson ID,et al.Effects of testosterone on pedicle formation and its transformation to antler in castrated male,freemartin and normal female red deer(Cervus elaphus).Gen Comp Endocrinology 2003;131(1):21-31.
[13]Chunyi Li,Fuhe Yang and Allan Sheppard.Adult Stem Cells and Mammalian Epimorphic Regeneration-Insights from Studying Annual Renewal of Deer antler[J].Current Stem Cell Research&Therapy,2009,4:237-251.
[14]Chunyi Li.Exploration of the mechanism underlying neogensis and regeneration of postnatal mammalian skin;deer antler velvet[J].Nova science publishers Inc 2010(16).
[15]Chunyi Li,Anne Harper,Jonathan Puddick et al.Proteomes and Signalling Pathways of Antler Stem Cells[J].PLosone,2012.
[16]Dawn E.Clark,Chunyi Li,et al.Vascular Localization and Proliferation in the Growing Tip of the Deer Antler[J].The Anatomical Record Part A,2006:973-981.
[17]Donato R.S100:a multigenic family of calcium modulated proteins of the EF-hand type with intracellular and extracellular functional roles[J].Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2001,(33):637-668.
[18]Filipenko NR,MacLeod TJ,YoonC-S,Waisman DM.AnnexinA2 Is a Novel RNA-binding Protein[J].J Biol Chem,2004,279:8723-8731.
[19]G.A.Lincoln.Biology of antlers[M].Londen:JZoolLond,1992,226:517-528.
[20]Goss,Richard J.Section III basic sciences and pathology 24 Problems of Antlerogenesis[M].New York;Clin Orthopaed,1970,69:227-238.
[21]Hitch cock-D egregori SE.Chemotaxis Cofilin in the driver's seat[J].Curr Biol,2006,16(24):1030-1032.
[22]James M S,Robert G,et al,Photoperiod associated changes in insulin like growth factor-1 in Reindeer[J].Endocrinology Printed in USA,1991,129(2):679-682.
[23]J G Mount,M Muzylak,S Allen,et al.Evidence that the canonical wnt signaling pathway regulates deer antler regeneration[J].Developmental Gynamics 2006,235:1390-1399.
[24]K.M.KO,T.T Yip,S.W Tsao,et al.Epidermal growth factor from deer(Cervus elaphus)submaxillary gland and velvet antler[J].Gen Comp Endocrinol,1986,63(3):431-440.
[25]Kierdorf U,Kierdorf H,Thomas Szuwart.Deer antler regeneration;cells,concepts,and controversies[J].J Morphol,2007,268(8):726-738.
[26]Li C,Gao X,Yang F,et al.Development of a nude mouse model for the study of antlerogenesis mechanism of tissue interaction and ossification pathway[J].J Exp Zoolog B Mol Dev Evol,2009,312(2):118-135.
[27]L Weng,Zhou QL,Wang B X,et al.A new polypeptide promoting epidermal cells and chondrocytes proliferation from Cervus elaphus Linnaeus[J].Chinese pharmaceutical 2001,36(12):913-917.
[28]Michael Rendl,Lisa Polak,and Elaine Fuchs.BMP signaling in dermal papilla cells is required for their hair follicle-inductive properties[J].Genes&Development,2008,22;543-557.
[29]M Sadighi.Effect of insulin-like growth factor(IGF-1)and IGF-1 on the growth of antler cells in vitro[J].J Endocrinal,1994,143(3):461-469.
[30]Price J.Allen S.Exploring the mechanisms regulating regeneration of deer antlers[J].Philosophical Trans R Soc Lond B Biology Science,2004,259(1445):809-815.
[31]Rotllant J,Liu D,Yan YL,Postlethwait JH,Westerfield M,Du SJ.Sparc(osteonectin)functions in morphogenesis of the pharyngeal skeleton and inner ear[J].Matrix Biol,2008,27:561-572.
[32]Rosenkilde MM,Schwartz TW.The chemokine system-a major regulator of angiogenesis in health and disease[J].Apmis,2004,112:481-495.
[33]Suttie JM,Fennessy PF,Crosbie SF,et al.Temporal changes in LH and testosterone and their relationship with the first antler in red deer(Cervus elaphus)stags from 3 to 15 months of age[J].J Endocrinol,1991,131(3):467-474.
[34]Weng L,Zhou Q L,Wang B X,et al.A Novel Polypeptide from Cervus elaphus Linnaeus[J].Chin Chemical Letters,2002,13(2):147-150.
[35]Zhiguang Gao and Chunyi Li.The study on the relationship between antler's growth rate,relative bone mass and circulation testosterone,estradiol,AKP in sika deer[J].Acta Veterinaria et ZootechnicaSinica,1988,19(30):224-231.
[36]Zhang Z Q,Zhang Y,WANG BX,et al.Purification and partial characterization of anti-inflammatory peptide from pilose antler of Cervus Nippon Temminck[J].Yao Xue Xue Bao,1992,27(5):321-324.