Filtration and Retention Characteristics of Smoke Components in Filters
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- 英文论文题名：Filtration and Retention Characteristics of Smoke Components in Filters
- 论文作者：Wen Jianhui ; Du Wen ; Peng Bing ; Zhang Xiaobing ; Xie Fuwei ; Liu Huimin ; Zhong Kejun
- 英文论文作者：Wen Jianhui ; Du Wen ; Peng Bing ; Zhang Xiaobing ; Xie Fuwei ; Liu Huimin ; Zhong Kejun ; Technology Center of China Tobacco Hunan Industrial Co.Ltd ; Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC
- 年：2016
- 作者机构：Technology Center of China Tobacco Hunan Industrial Co.Ltd;Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC;
- 会议召开时间：2016-12-01
- 会议录名称：中国烟草学会2016年度优秀论文汇编——烟草工业主题
- 语种：英文
- 分类号：TS411
- 学会代码：ZGYG
- 学会名称：中国烟草学会
- 页数：11
- 文件大小：826k
- 原文格式：D
摘要
The filtration and retention characteristics of nicotine,phenol, benzo[a]pyrene(B[a]P), 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone(NNK), crotonaldehyde, hydrogen cyanide(HCN) and ammonia in conventional cellulose acetate fiber filters were investigated. By quantitatively analyzing their contents released in mainstream smoke and retained in filters, their filtration efficiencies, taken as the ratio of filter retention content to total yield, were determined under both International Organization for Standardization(ISO) and Health Canadian Intense(HCI) smoking regimes. Using a precision laser cutter, the filters were either cut transversely into 5–7 segments for longitudinal distribution pattern study, or cut transversely into 3 segments firstly and then each segment was cut concentrically into 3 concentric segments for spatial distribution pattern study. Contents of the named smoke components retained in these filter segments were quantitatively analyzed. The data were calibrated and then processed with interpolation analysis and polynomial fitting. The longitudinal distribution patterns for all components mentioned above, as well as spatial distribution patterns for nicotine, phenol, HCN,ammonia and crotonaldehyde, were obtained. The filtration efficiencies of different smoke components varied between24% and 15% for HCN, 87% and 92% for phenol under ISO and HCI smoking regimes respectively. The filtration efficiencies of all the studied components under HCI smoking were lower than under ISO smoking to different extents except phenol which showed the opposite trend.Different mainstream smoke components have their own retention behavior and distribution characteristics which are determined by the physical and chemical properties of the component and its interaction with cellulose acetate fiber and the glycerol triacetate within the filter. The diversity of retention distribution patterns of different components shows the high complexity of cigarette smoke filtration in filters.
The filtration and retention characteristics of nicotine,phenol, benzo[a]pyrene(B[a]P), 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone(NNK), crotonaldehyde, hydrogen cyanide(HCN) and ammonia in conventional cellulose acetate fiber filters were investigated. By quantitatively analyzing their contents released in mainstream smoke and retained in filters, their filtration efficiencies, taken as the ratio of filter retention content to total yield, were determined under both International Organization for Standardization(ISO) and Health Canadian Intense(HCI) smoking regimes. Using a precision laser cutter, the filters were either cut transversely into 5–7 segments for longitudinal distribution pattern study, or cut transversely into 3 segments firstly and then each segment was cut concentrically into 3 concentric segments for spatial distribution pattern study. Contents of the named smoke components retained in these filter segments were quantitatively analyzed. The data were calibrated and then processed with interpolation analysis and polynomial fitting. The longitudinal distribution patterns for all components mentioned above, as well as spatial distribution patterns for nicotine, phenol, HCN,ammonia and crotonaldehyde, were obtained. The filtration efficiencies of different smoke components varied between24% and 15% for HCN, 87% and 92% for phenol under ISO and HCI smoking regimes respectively. The filtration efficiencies of all the studied components under HCI smoking were lower than under ISO smoking to different extents except phenol which showed the opposite trend.Different mainstream smoke components have their own retention behavior and distribution characteristics which are determined by the physical and chemical properties of the component and its interaction with cellulose acetate fiber and the glycerol triacetate within the filter. The diversity of retention distribution patterns of different components shows the high complexity of cigarette smoke filtration in filters.
The filtration and retention characteristics of nicotine,phenol, benzo[a]pyrene(B[a]P), 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone(NNK), crotonaldehyde, hydrogen cyanide(HCN) and ammonia in conventional cellulose acetate fiber filters were investigated. By quantitatively analyzing their contents released in mainstream smoke and retained in filters, their filtration efficiencies, taken as the ratio of filter retention content to total yield, were determined under both International Organization for Standardization(ISO) and Health Canadian Intense(HCI) smoking regimes. Using a precision laser cutter, the filters were either cut transversely into 5–7 segments for longitudinal distribution pattern study, or cut transversely into 3 segments firstly and then each segment was cut concentrically into 3 concentric segments for spatial distribution pattern study. Contents of the named smoke components retained in these filter segments were quantitatively analyzed. The data were calibrated and then processed with interpolation analysis and polynomial fitting. The longitudinal distribution patterns for all components mentioned above, as well as spatial distribution patterns for nicotine, phenol, HCN,ammonia and crotonaldehyde, were obtained. The filtration efficiencies of different smoke components varied between24% and 15% for HCN, 87% and 92% for phenol under ISO and HCI smoking regimes respectively. The filtration efficiencies of all the studied components under HCI smoking were lower than under ISO smoking to different extents except phenol which showed the opposite trend.Different mainstream smoke components have their own retention behavior and distribution characteristics which are determined by the physical and chemical properties of the component and its interaction with cellulose acetate fiber and the glycerol triacetate within the filter. The diversity of retention distribution patterns of different components shows the high complexity of cigarette smoke filtration in filters.
引文
1.Keith,C.H.:The Particulate Removal Efficiency of Cellulose Acetate Filters;24th Tobacco Chemists'Research Conference,Montreal,Canada,October1970.
2.Keith,C.H.:Physical Mechanisms of Smoke Filtration;Rec.Adv.Tob.Sci.4(1978)25-45.
3.Hirota,K.and E.Takase:Filtration Efficiency of Cigarette Filters Made of Ultra Low Denier Acetate Tow;CORESTA Congress,Kyoto,Japan,Smoke Science/Product Technology Groups,abstr.PT3,2004,available at:http://www.coresta.org/Meetings/Past_Abstracts/Kyoto2004-Smoke Tech.pdf(accessed September 15,2014).
4.Shibata,M.,K.Hirota,E.Takase,and T.Matsumoto:Smoke Flow Analysis in Cigarette Filters;CORESTACongress,Kyoto,Japan,Smoke Science/Product Technology Groups,abstr.PT1,2004,available at:http://www.coresta.org/Meetings/Past_Abstracts/Kyoto2004-Smoke Tech.pdf(accessed September 15,2014).
5.Keith,C.H.and J.C.Denick:Cigarette Filter Efficiency as Measured with a Homogeneous Solid Aerosol;Tob.Sci.9(1965)116-120.
6.Overton,J.R.:Filtration of Cigarette Smoke:Relative Contributions of Inertial Impaction,Diffusional Deposition,and Direct Interception;Beitr.Tabakforsch.7(1973)117-120.
7.Masafumi,T.,K.Kazuhiko,and H.Takashi:Two Kinds of Filters Formaldehyde Filtering Behavior in Mainstream Smoke;59th Tobacco Science Research Conference,Atlanta,GA,USA,September 2005.
8.Han,M.,Y.H.Dai,and S.X.Tuo:Comparison of Filtration Effects of Cellulose Acetate and Modified Polypropylene Filters for Harmful Components in Cigarette Smoke;Chin.Tob.Sci.&Tech.272(2010)8-14.
9.Norman,V.,A.M.Ihrig,R.A.Shoffner,and M.S.Ireland:The Effect of Tip Dilution on the Filtration Efficiency of Upstream and Downstream Segments of Cigarette Filters;Beitr.Tabakforsch.Int.12(1984)178-185.
10.Jing Y.,C.Gong,K.Xian,C.Wang,and P.Lu:The Effects of Filter Ventilation on Flavor Constituents in Cigarette Smoke;Beitr.Tabakforsch.Int.21(2005)280-285.
11.Kiefer,J.E.:Ventilation Filters and Their Effect on Smoke Composition;Rec.Adv.Tob.Sci.4(1978)69-84.
12.Baker,R.R.:The Effect of Ventilation on Cigarette Combustion Mechanisms;Rec.Adv.Tob.Sci.10(1984)88-150.
13.Formella K.,T.Braumann,and H.Elmenhorst:The Influence of Different Parameters on the Semivolatile Composition of Mainstream Smoke;Beitr.Tabak-forsch.Int.15(1992)123-128.
14.Dagnon,S.,A.Stoilova,I.Ivanov,and S.Nikolova:The Effect of Cigarette Design on the Content of Phenols in Mainstream Tobacco Smoke;Beitr.Tabakforsch.Int.24(2011)187-193.
15.Colard,S.,T.Verron,R.Julien,X.Cahours,and S.W.Purkis:Relationship Between Cigarette Yields and Smoking Time Under Different Machine Smoking Regimes;Beitr.Tabakforsch.Int.26(2014)4-18.
16.Purkis,S.W.,C.Mueller,M.Intorp,and H.Seidel:The Influence of Cigarette Designs and Smoking Regimes on Vapour Phase Yields;Beitr.Tabakforsch.Int.24(2010)33-46.
17.Yip,S.H.,L.T.Taylor,M.Ashraf-Khorassani,J.Yu,M.F.Borgerding,W.M.Coleman III,and J.A.Bodnar:HPLC-MS Ddetermination of Acrolein and Acetone Generated from 13C3-Labeled Glycerol Added to Cigarette Tobacco Using Two Machine-Smoking Regimes;Beitr.Tabakforsch.Int.24(2010)48-57.
18.Kong,H.H.,Y.Q.Pang,R.Zhou,G.L.Tang,and J.Z.Wu:Effects of Design Parameters of Cigarette Materials on Deliveries of Carbon Monoxide,Phenol and NNK in Mainstream Cigarette Smoke Under Intensive Smoking Regime;Chin.Tob.Sci.&Tech.309(2013),28-31.
19.China State Bureau of Quality and Technical Supervision(CSBQTS):GB/T 23355-2009.Cigarettes--Determination of Nicotine in Smoke Condensates--Gas-Chromatographic Method(ISO 10315:2000,MOD);CSBQZ,Bejing,2009.
20.China State Bureau of Quality and Technical Supervision(CSBQTS):YC/T 154-2001.Cigarettes--Determination of Nicotine in Cigarette Filters--GasChromatographic Method;CSBQZ,Bejing,2001.
21.China State Bureau of Quality and Technical Supervision(CSBQTS):YC/T 255-2008.Cigarettes--Determination of Major Phenolic Compounds in Mainstream Cigarette Smoke--High Performance Liquid Chromatographic Method;CSBQZ,Bejing,2008.
22.China State Bureau of Quality and Technical Supervision(CSBQTS):GB/T 21130-2007.Cigarettes--Determination of Benzo[a]pyrene in Total Particulate Matter;CSBQZ,Bejing,2007.
23.China State Bureau of Quality and Technical Supervision(CSBQTS):YC/T 253-2008.Cigarettes--Determination of Hydrogen Cyanide in Cigarette Mainstream Smoke--Continuous Flow Method;CSBQZ,Bejing,2008.
24.China State Bureau of Quality and Technical Supervision(CSBQTS):YC/T 377-2010.Cigarettes--Determination of Ammonia in Mainstream Cigarette Smoke--Ion Chromatography Method;CSBQZ,Bejing,2010.
25.Wu,M.J.,Y.H.Dai,S.X.Tuo,N.N.Hu,Y.Li,and X.M.Chen:Analysis of Four Tobacco-Specific Nitrosamines in Mainstream Cigarette Smoke of Virginia Cigarettes by LC-MS/MS;J.Cent.South Univ.Technol.15(2008)627-631.
26.International Organisation for Standardization(ISO):ISO 3308:2000.Routine Analytical Cigarette-Smoking Machine--Definitions and Standard Conditions;ISO,Geneva,Switzerland.
27.World Health Organization(WHO):Decisions;Conference of the Parties to the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control,Third Session,Durban,South Africa,November 17-22,2008,WHO,Geneva,Switzerland,2009,available at:http://apps.who.int/gb/fctc/E/E_cop3.htm#monter(accessed September 15,2014).
2.Keith,C.H.:Physical Mechanisms of Smoke Filtration;Rec.Adv.Tob.Sci.4(1978)25-45.
3.Hirota,K.and E.Takase:Filtration Efficiency of Cigarette Filters Made of Ultra Low Denier Acetate Tow;CORESTA Congress,Kyoto,Japan,Smoke Science/Product Technology Groups,abstr.PT3,2004,available at:http://www.coresta.org/Meetings/Past_Abstracts/Kyoto2004-Smoke Tech.pdf(accessed September 15,2014).
4.Shibata,M.,K.Hirota,E.Takase,and T.Matsumoto:Smoke Flow Analysis in Cigarette Filters;CORESTACongress,Kyoto,Japan,Smoke Science/Product Technology Groups,abstr.PT1,2004,available at:http://www.coresta.org/Meetings/Past_Abstracts/Kyoto2004-Smoke Tech.pdf(accessed September 15,2014).
5.Keith,C.H.and J.C.Denick:Cigarette Filter Efficiency as Measured with a Homogeneous Solid Aerosol;Tob.Sci.9(1965)116-120.
6.Overton,J.R.:Filtration of Cigarette Smoke:Relative Contributions of Inertial Impaction,Diffusional Deposition,and Direct Interception;Beitr.Tabakforsch.7(1973)117-120.
7.Masafumi,T.,K.Kazuhiko,and H.Takashi:Two Kinds of Filters Formaldehyde Filtering Behavior in Mainstream Smoke;59th Tobacco Science Research Conference,Atlanta,GA,USA,September 2005.
8.Han,M.,Y.H.Dai,and S.X.Tuo:Comparison of Filtration Effects of Cellulose Acetate and Modified Polypropylene Filters for Harmful Components in Cigarette Smoke;Chin.Tob.Sci.&Tech.272(2010)8-14.
9.Norman,V.,A.M.Ihrig,R.A.Shoffner,and M.S.Ireland:The Effect of Tip Dilution on the Filtration Efficiency of Upstream and Downstream Segments of Cigarette Filters;Beitr.Tabakforsch.Int.12(1984)178-185.
10.Jing Y.,C.Gong,K.Xian,C.Wang,and P.Lu:The Effects of Filter Ventilation on Flavor Constituents in Cigarette Smoke;Beitr.Tabakforsch.Int.21(2005)280-285.
11.Kiefer,J.E.:Ventilation Filters and Their Effect on Smoke Composition;Rec.Adv.Tob.Sci.4(1978)69-84.
12.Baker,R.R.:The Effect of Ventilation on Cigarette Combustion Mechanisms;Rec.Adv.Tob.Sci.10(1984)88-150.
13.Formella K.,T.Braumann,and H.Elmenhorst:The Influence of Different Parameters on the Semivolatile Composition of Mainstream Smoke;Beitr.Tabak-forsch.Int.15(1992)123-128.
14.Dagnon,S.,A.Stoilova,I.Ivanov,and S.Nikolova:The Effect of Cigarette Design on the Content of Phenols in Mainstream Tobacco Smoke;Beitr.Tabakforsch.Int.24(2011)187-193.
15.Colard,S.,T.Verron,R.Julien,X.Cahours,and S.W.Purkis:Relationship Between Cigarette Yields and Smoking Time Under Different Machine Smoking Regimes;Beitr.Tabakforsch.Int.26(2014)4-18.
16.Purkis,S.W.,C.Mueller,M.Intorp,and H.Seidel:The Influence of Cigarette Designs and Smoking Regimes on Vapour Phase Yields;Beitr.Tabakforsch.Int.24(2010)33-46.
17.Yip,S.H.,L.T.Taylor,M.Ashraf-Khorassani,J.Yu,M.F.Borgerding,W.M.Coleman III,and J.A.Bodnar:HPLC-MS Ddetermination of Acrolein and Acetone Generated from 13C3-Labeled Glycerol Added to Cigarette Tobacco Using Two Machine-Smoking Regimes;Beitr.Tabakforsch.Int.24(2010)48-57.
18.Kong,H.H.,Y.Q.Pang,R.Zhou,G.L.Tang,and J.Z.Wu:Effects of Design Parameters of Cigarette Materials on Deliveries of Carbon Monoxide,Phenol and NNK in Mainstream Cigarette Smoke Under Intensive Smoking Regime;Chin.Tob.Sci.&Tech.309(2013),28-31.
19.China State Bureau of Quality and Technical Supervision(CSBQTS):GB/T 23355-2009.Cigarettes--Determination of Nicotine in Smoke Condensates--Gas-Chromatographic Method(ISO 10315:2000,MOD);CSBQZ,Bejing,2009.
20.China State Bureau of Quality and Technical Supervision(CSBQTS):YC/T 154-2001.Cigarettes--Determination of Nicotine in Cigarette Filters--GasChromatographic Method;CSBQZ,Bejing,2001.
21.China State Bureau of Quality and Technical Supervision(CSBQTS):YC/T 255-2008.Cigarettes--Determination of Major Phenolic Compounds in Mainstream Cigarette Smoke--High Performance Liquid Chromatographic Method;CSBQZ,Bejing,2008.
22.China State Bureau of Quality and Technical Supervision(CSBQTS):GB/T 21130-2007.Cigarettes--Determination of Benzo[a]pyrene in Total Particulate Matter;CSBQZ,Bejing,2007.
23.China State Bureau of Quality and Technical Supervision(CSBQTS):YC/T 253-2008.Cigarettes--Determination of Hydrogen Cyanide in Cigarette Mainstream Smoke--Continuous Flow Method;CSBQZ,Bejing,2008.
24.China State Bureau of Quality and Technical Supervision(CSBQTS):YC/T 377-2010.Cigarettes--Determination of Ammonia in Mainstream Cigarette Smoke--Ion Chromatography Method;CSBQZ,Bejing,2010.
25.Wu,M.J.,Y.H.Dai,S.X.Tuo,N.N.Hu,Y.Li,and X.M.Chen:Analysis of Four Tobacco-Specific Nitrosamines in Mainstream Cigarette Smoke of Virginia Cigarettes by LC-MS/MS;J.Cent.South Univ.Technol.15(2008)627-631.
26.International Organisation for Standardization(ISO):ISO 3308:2000.Routine Analytical Cigarette-Smoking Machine--Definitions and Standard Conditions;ISO,Geneva,Switzerland.
27.World Health Organization(WHO):Decisions;Conference of the Parties to the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control,Third Session,Durban,South Africa,November 17-22,2008,WHO,Geneva,Switzerland,2009,available at:http://apps.who.int/gb/fctc/E/E_cop3.htm#monter(accessed September 15,2014).