模型元方法与金属塑性成形模拟
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摘要
目前,现有的金属塑性成形理论有很多不足之处。有限元法得到的全是数值解,与解析解相比,数值解缺乏明显的物理意义,难以显现研究对象内部各种参数间的对应关系及其相互影响的规律性;单独使用上限元法只能得到上限解而得不到真实解,这使上限元法的应用受到极大限制。针对这种情况,出现了模型元法,模型元法是首先将研究对象在时域过程上划分为若干个特征时段,在每个特征时段上再将研究对象划分为若干模型单元,并应用相应的理论模型来描述相应的模型单元。模型元法的特点是既包容有限元法,又包容上限元法,使三者相互取长补短,互为基础。
     根据模型元的基本原理及求解塑性成形问题的方法及步骤,本文提出一种模型单元,这种模型单元的模型为金属和模具接触面为平面,而接触面的两侧是非接触的(即为自由表面)平面应变问题。由于滑移线法具有几何的直观性及可用于确定塑性区和刚性区的优点,故本文采用滑移线法来求解特征单元,并对滑移线理论进行简要的介绍。
     本文对所建立模型单元的力学特征作出了定量的描述:该单元在空间中的几何形状及尺寸的确定;该单元的应力场表达式的确定;变形力沿宽度方向上的分布。单元的塑性区根据b/h与L的大小关系分为三种类型,分别为通格塑性区、亚通格塑性区、过通格塑性区。单元的应力场都分为三个区,在不同的区内,都有确定的应力表达式来表示。变形力沿宽度方向的分布都是关于b/h函数。
     在对模型单元的力学特征的描述中提出L与δ、ω的关系式,从而为该模型单元在任何情况下的塑性区及滑移线场的具体求解奠定了坚实理论基础。同时使这种模型单元特征化且对其力学特征作出更加的普遍性的归纳。使其在更加广泛的范围内能够得到应用。
Current metal plastic theories are insufficient to explain real problems. The results of finite element method are all numerical, which are lack of physical meanings in comparison with analytic solutions. So it is difficult to show corresponding relationships between parameters inner researching objects and the laws of their mutual effects; the application of upper bound element technology by oneself gives only an upper bound, but a real solution, which greatly restricts its applications. To change this, a new analysis method 'model element method' is proposed by us. Model element method firstly divides the object in several characteristic time sections, and then each time section is divided into some model elements by space field, which is described by the proper model elements. The model element method includes both finite element method and upper bound element method and can compensate each to other.
    According to the basic theory and the method and steps of the solutions of plastic forming problems, this article proposes a kind of model element. This model is the plane distortion problem, which workpiece and die's interface is plane and two-side of interface is free surface. This article applies slide-line method to solve model element and give a simple introduction, because slide-line possesses merits of geometric visualization and conformation of plastic field and rigid field.
    This article make quantitative descriptions about mechanical characteristics of model: confirmation of geometry shape and size of model; confirmation of stress field expression of model; confirmation of displacement field expression of model; confirmation of distortion force distributing along the direction of breadth. According to the relation between b/h and L, the model plastic filed is divided into three kinds of types as following: general plastic field, sub-general plastic field, and over-general plastic field. The stress field is divided into three sections that are exactly described. Distortion force distributing along the direction of breadth is a kind of function about b/h.
    
    
    
    This article proposes a function of L,δ, ω during the course of descriptions of mechanical characteristics of model that establish strong base of material solutions of plastic field and slide-line field. Meanwhile this article makes universal conclusion about model mechanical characteristics and model element use abroad.
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