摘要
本文从独立运行的光伏发电系统在运行中存在的问题出发，分析该类系统的
结构和运行方式的特点，判断系统中存在问题的性质。以建成运行的西藏安多地
区的100kWp独立光伏电站为具体研究对象，结合研究电力系统的方法，判断光
伏系统中存在的因带负荷投入运行而产生的电压不稳定的问题，为电力系统暂态
稳定性问题。并且进一步分析得出，产生这种问题的主要原因是系统内的无功功
率的不平衡。
通过对问题的性质的分析，并结合光伏发电系统的自身特点，选择采用时域
数值仿真计算的方法分析独立运行的光伏发电系统的暂态稳定性问题。并选择
Matlab的Simulink电力系统软件包作为仿真计算的平台，实现仿真计算。结合
电力系统分析中的瞬时无功功率的概念，分析无功功率的流动对系统带来的影
响。
在理论分析基础上，搭建了简单的以逆变器为核心的实验系统，验证采用这
种分析方法对独立运行光伏发电系统存在问题的分析的正确性。针对系统的稳定
性问题，论文最后提出添加适当的无功功率补偿设备，是解决建成系统中这一问
题的现实可行的方法。而在未来该类系统的设计过程中，在分析系统的无功负荷
基础上，合理的分布负荷，并在计算后适当添加一定的无功补偿设备，是提高独
立运行光伏发电系统稳定性、改善系统运行性能的有效手段。
Because of the problems in the working stand-alone photovoltaic power systems, this paper analyzed the characters of the structure and working mode of this kind of power system and judged which kinds of these problems belong to. Choosing the 100kWp stand-alone photovoltaic power system which was built at Sitsang Anduo county as the research object, and using the methods which are used in analyzing the normal power system, we determined that the problems which happened when the load was launched into the system could be classified as the transient stability problem of power system. After more research, we found the main reason of this problem is the unbalance of reactive power in this kind of power system.
Analyzing the problem and the characters of the stand-alone photovoltaic power system, we can chose the numerical simulation method in time-domain to analyze the transient stability of the photovoltaic power system. And we chose the power system tool-box of the Matlab Simulink as our simulation tools to realize the numerical simulation calculation of the stand-alone photovoltaic power system. Here we use the concept of instantaneous reactive power when we simulate the system, we can use them to analyze how they affect the power systems stability.
To validate the analysis, referring the real photovoltaic power system, we made a simple experiment system which included an inverter. From the results of simulation and experiments, we can conclude that the unbalance of reactive power is the main reason which make the stand-alone photovoltaic power system suffer transient stability problem which behaved as the voltage waving. So adding some kind of reactive power compensation equipments is a good solution to the working systems. And in the future design of the stand-alone photovoltaic power system, on the based of analyzing the reactive power, we can deal with this problem by reasonably arranging the load and in some situation adding some kind of reactive power compensation equipments. In this way, we can arise the stability of this kind of power system and make them work better.
引文
1 Amit Jain, S C Tripathy, R Balasubramanian. "Reliability and Economic Analysis of a Power Generation System Including a Photovoltaic System". Energy Convers Mgmt, Vol 36, No 3, 1995, P183～189
2 Fadia M A, Ghali, Hisham A, El-Khashab. "Dynamic Stability Analysis of PV-Injected Power Into a Parallel AC-DC Power System". First WCPEC Dec5-9, 1994, Hawaii P1056～1059
3 Tripathy S C, Kalantar M, Rao N D. "Dynamics and Stability of a Wind Stand-alone Power System". Energy Conversion and Management, Vol. 34, No. 8, August 1993, P627～640
4 P. Longrigg. "Effects on Electrical Distribution Networks of Dispersed Power Generation at High Levels of Connection Penetration". International Journal of Ambient Energy, Vol 12, Number 4, Oct 1992, P199～214
5 S.Saha, V.P. Sundarsingh. "Novel Grid-Connected Photovoltaic Inverter". IEE Proc-Gener. Transm. Distrib., Vol 143, No. 2, March 1996, P219～224
6 Imad Abouzahr, R. Ramakumar. "Loss of Power Supply Probability of Stand-alone Photovoltaic Systems: A Closed Form Solution Approach". IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, Vol.6, No.1, March 1991, P1～11
7 Karlis A, Dokopoulos P. "Small Power Systems Fed by Hydro Photovoltaic Wind Turbines and Diesel Generators". Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Electronics Circuits and Systems, Vol.2, Oct 13～16, 1996, P1013～1016
8 Mania Pavella. "Power System Transient Stability Assessment-Tradational Vs Modern methods". Control Engineering Practice 6, 1998, P1233～1246
9 Zhou E.Z, Malik O.P, Hope G.S. "Theory and Mehods for Selection of Power System Stability Location". IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, Vol.6, No.1, March 1991, P170～176
10 T. Athay, R.Podmore, S.Vormani. "A Practical Method for Direct Analysis of Transinet Stability". IEEE Trans. On Power Appar&System, Vol PAS-98,
No.2, 1979, P573-577
11 P.P Varaiya, F.F. Wu, R.L.Chen. "Direct Method for Transient Stability Analysis of Power System: Recent Results". Proceedings of IEEE, Vol 73, No.7～12, 1985, P324～328
12 Bao L, Duan X, Song Z, He Y. "Dynamical Analysis of Voltage Stability for A Simple Power System". International Journal of Electrical Power and Energy System, Vol.23, Oct 2001, P577～564
13 Akagi H, Kanazawa Y, Nabae A. "Generalized Theory of the Instantaneous Reacitve Power in Three-phase Circuits". IEEE&JIEE Proceedings IPEC, Tokyo, IEEE 1983, P1375～1386
14 William C, Dicknson, Paul N Cheremisinoff. "Solar Energy Technology Handbook". Marcel Dekker Inc, 1980
15 何志渔，王霞．“小型独立电力系统仿真技术研究”．武汉交通科技大学学报，第24卷，第4期，2000．8，P444～448
16 史明霞．“光伏系统的仿真”(硕士学位论文)．合肥工业大学，1995．5
17 余贻鑫，王成山．“电力系统稳定性理论与方法”．科学出版社，1999．1
18 韩祯祥．“电力系统稳定”．中国电力出版社，1993．11
19 王兆安，杨君，刘进军．“谐波抑制和无功功率补偿”．机械工业出版社，1998．9
20 李安定．“太阳能光伏发电系统工程”．北京工业大学出版社，2001．12
21 孙树勤，林海雪．“干扰性负荷的供电”．中国电力出版社，1996．12
22 周荣光，陈刚．“电力系统稳态分析”．清华大学电机工程与应用电子技术系，1996．1
23 周荣光．“电力系统故障分析”．清华大学出版社，1998．4
24 李发海，陈汤铭，郑逢时，张麟征，朱东起．“电机学”．科学出版社，1991．8
25 黄俊，王兆安．“电力电子变流技术”．机械工业出版社，1995．10
26 靳龙章，丁毓山．“电网无功补偿实用技术”．中国水利水电出版社，1997．8
27 程卫国，冯峰，姚东，徐昕．“MATLAB 5.3Y应用指南”．人民邮电出版社，1999．11
28 韩利竹，王华．“MATLAB电子仿真与应用”．国防工业出版社，2001．1
29 西安交通大学主编．“电力系统工程基础”．电力工业出版社，1981．5
30 E.斯拉麦卡，W.瓦特西．“高低压电网中的暂态过程计算原理”．机械工业出版社，1989．2
31 吴维韩，张芳榴．“电力系统过电压数值计算”．科学出版社，1989．2
32 傅书逷，倪以信，薛禹胜．“直接法稳定分析”．中国电力出版社，1999．1
33 电力工业部规划设计总院编著．“电力系统设计手册”．中国电力出版社，1998．1
34 何利铨，邱国跃．“电力系统无功功率与有功功率控制”．重庆大学出版社，1997．6
35 K.K.凯特聂尔，H.A.科兹洛娃，B.M.辛特尤列夫著，朱耀忠，许巧程译，秦钢校．“独立电力系统过渡过程的电子计算机计算”．国防工业出版社，1985．10
36 吴际舜．“电力系统静态安全分析”．上海交通大学出版社，1985．5
37 胡庆生．“现代电气工程实用技术手册”．机械工业出版社，1994．10
38 陆治国．“电源的计算机仿真技术”．科学出版社，2001．4
39 吴麒．“自动控制原理”．清华大学出版社，1995．2
40 [日]电气设备设计计算手册编辑委员会遍．谢小平，陈刚，黄立培译．“电气设备设计计算手册”．国防工业出版社，1992．8
41 江缉光．“电路原理”．清华大学出版社，1996．5
42 中国科学院电工研究所．“安多光伏电站验收报告”，2000．8
43 西藏自治区那曲地区水利水电勘查设计所．“西藏安多县光伏电站设计说明书”，1997．11