摘要
LED作为一种新型的光源，它的发光原理和发光方式都和传统光源完全不同。并且目前已经在部分城市道路照明中开展应用。由于控制方式的灵活性和本身功率低于传统光源，其节能潜力是非常巨大的。道路照明光环境的亮度等级处于中间视觉环境下，而国际上尚没有统一的中间视觉下的光度学模型。所以想要更合理地利用LED新光源进行道路照明，使其充分发挥其节能等优势，就要对LED在中间视觉下的视觉功效进行研究，该规律对照明节能具有极其重要意义。
本课题第一阶段对天津市有代表性的高压钠照明道路和LED照明道路进行大量、长期的测试，取得了实验所需的基础数据。调研中发现在次干路及支路中行人穿行现象较为明显，而且通过调研发现在LED灯照明道路中，驾驶员更容易发现穿行目标。故确定了基于行人穿行这种情况，使用以反应时间为参量的视觉功效法为方法对中间视觉下道路照明进行研究。第二阶段根据之前的测试数据、基础资料和研究方法，自主设计、开发了道路照明反应时间测试系统，并完成了实验前的准备工作。第三阶段为实验阶段，在本阶段对高压钠灯和普遍使用的三种LED灯在中间视觉下的视觉功效进行实验，并得到了30个样本的基础数据。对实验原始数据进行科学地筛选和分析，得到30个样本在4种光源下照明下不同道路亮度等级反应时间的普遍参数值。一方面使用这些普遍参数值通过spass软件进行数学拟合处理，得到中间视觉下的高压钠灯和3种LED光源的路面亮度与反应时间关系的视觉功效函数。另一方面将这些普遍参数值和4种光源的特性和光谱进行对照分析得到影响中间视觉下人的反应时间的主要因素和主要波长光谱。
本文分成七个章节，分别为：
1.绪论；
2.道路照明中人眼机视觉与光色度学理论；
3. LED性能指标及前期道路照明测试；
4.实验设备与实验设计
5.实验数据分析；
6.结论与展望。
LED as a new light source, the light-emitting principle and luminosity mode iscompletely different from the traditional light source. Contemporarily, LED hasapplied to carry out part of the city road lighting. Its energy-saving potential is veryhuge due to the flexibility of the control method and the less power than traditionallight source. The brightness level of the road illumination light environment is in themiddle of the visual environment, while the international community is still notunified the photometry model under mesopic vision. Consequently, the visual efficacyunder mesopic vision of LED must be studied to take advantage of new LED lightsource and produce the best possible results of saving energy, which has extremelysignificance of lighting energy-saving.
The first stage of this subject has examined a large number of representative highpressure sodium lighting roads and LED lighting roads in Tianjin for a long term, andhas obtained the basic data required for the experiment. The research found that thephenomenon of pedestrian walking through road is more obvious in secondary roadsas well as in branch, meanwhile, on LED lighting roads, drivers are easier to findpedestrian who is walking through the road. Therefore, in the basis of the situation ofthe pedestrian walking through the roads, using the visual effectiveness of law whichemploys reaction time as parameters to research the road lighting under mesopicvision. According to the test data, basic information and research methods, thereaction time test system for road lighting was developed liberty during the secondstage, the preparatory work of experiment was complete as well. The third stage isexperimental section, at this stage the visual efficacy of high pressure sodium and thethree widespread LED lights were tested under mesopic vision, simultaneously, thebasic data of30samples was obtained. After screening and analysis the experimentalraw data scientifically,30samples' universal parameter values of the reaction timeare gained which is under the condition of4lights in different road brightness level.On one hand, universal parameter values were used to fitting mathematical processthrough spass software, and then the visual efficacy function of the relationshipbetween surface brightness and reaction time of high pressure sodium and three LEDlights under mesopic vision was gained. On the other hand, after control analysis thecharacteristics and spectral of these universal parameter values and four kinds of lights, the main factors and wavelength spectrum which affect human reaction timeunder mesopic vision can be achieved.
The article is divided into seven chapters, as follows:
1Introduction;
2Functional analysis of the human eye under mesopic vision;
3Performance indicators of LED and early road lighting test;
4Laboratory equipment and experimental designs;
5Analysis of experimental data;
6Conclusions and Outlooks
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