摘要
业主委员会法律性质和地位问题,众说纷纭。由于目前我国法律并没有给业主委员会的法律性质和地位给予明确规定,导致业主委员会在我国目前的发展遇到很大的障碍,同时也遇到了很多问题。关于业主委员会的实体法律地位问题,特指业主委员会是不是一个独立的民事主体,有没有独立的民事权利能力,可不可以享有民事权利并承担民事责任,各种学说针锋相对,各国和地区对此问题的规定也不尽一致。但事实上,无论是大陆法系还是普通法系国家或地区,赋予业主委员会以民事主体地位是一个趋势。业主委员会作为重要的物业管理组织和重要的业主维权组织,其法律地位如何,直接涉及其行为后果的归属和法律责任的承担。在目前的法律制度框架内,业主委员会只是业主大会一个执行和代表机构,根本不能获得独立的法律地位,这种规定,跟业主委员会的身份和地位是不协调的,也导致了很多问题的出现。首先,业主委员会作为一个组织体与相关主体的关系进行分析,可以揭示业主委员会具有现实主体地位。其次,通过分析我国业主委员会的法律现状,通过考察中外各国关于业主委员会问题的做法,进而说明我国业主委员会具有实体法律地位理论基础及其必然性和重要性。再次,通过分析指出业主委员会实体法律地位属于其他组织,是非法人组织。最后,对我国业主委员会的实体法律地位进行完善,并提出了具体的建议和改进措施。
House-owners committee is something new born with the industrialization and urbanization. Disputes never disappear since its born. In China, because of estate flouring, House-owners committee is also spring. Especially, In September 1 2003, Realty Management Regulations took into effect; House-owners committee has a lot of development .With the Realty Law practice, House-owners committee will develop faster. But the absence of the legislation about house-owner committee reorganization, the legal statue of which is still unclear, it also bring lots of troubles. As house-owners owner committee’legal statue , what it is an independent civil subject with correspondent civil rights ability, and whether it is able to be a subject of litigation exerting civil rights and bearing civil liability etc . As for this aspect, different countries have their own features. In fact, it is widely accepted practice or theory that the house-owners committee has designated certain legal status in bath civil-law system and common-law system. The Management Regulations took into effect. On the duties of House-owners Committee are listed. But its legal status and character are not mentioned. As an important organization of realty management and house-owner rights, its legal status is directly concerning about legal results and bearing liability.
In the present law system, house-owners committee is just practicing executive committee and reprehensive of the meeting of owners. It has no independent law status. This has led to many problems. The author analyzes and illustrates the legal status of house-owners committee. Whether the house-owner committee can be the subject of civil legal relationship or not also be discussed. The thesis want to study and deal with the following question: what is the theatrical basis of house-owners committee, what is the significance of house-owners committee, what are the main problems house-owners committee facing, and how to resolve them.
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