摘要
剪力墙结构是高层建筑主要结构体系之一,其侧向刚度大,抗震性能好。在罕遇地震作用下,通过合理构造的连梁,梁端形成塑性铰,表现出较好耗散能力。因此在结构抗震概念设计中提出“强墙肢、弱连梁”的思想。随着抗震理论研究的发展,基于性能的抗震设计方法成为抗震领域的研究热点。本文将基于性能的抗震设计思想应用于剪力墙结构。基于剪力墙及连梁构件试验和有限元分析,得到剪力墙和连梁构件在不同地震水准作用下的变形性能指标。最后将该变形性能指标应用于剪力墙结构的基于性能抗震设计方法中。
本文的研究工作主要包括以下内容:
(1)基于面向对象技术,提出建立结构弹塑性分析平台的方法,并编制弹塑性分析程序MESAP。该平台适用于单元及材料的二次开发。基于该平台能够更好地进行构件变参数的弹塑性计算,为剪力墙构件,连梁构件的弹塑性分析提供了分析手段。
(2)基于MESAP平台建立考虑压弯耦合的剪力墙宏观单元(MVLEM单元),通过受弯控制的剪力墙构件试验的校正表明,该单元适用于受弯控制剪力墙的弹塑性分析;
(3)基于MESAP平台建立考虑压弯剪耦合的平面单元(MCFT单元),通过受剪控制的剪力墙构件试验校正表明,该单元适用于受剪控制剪力墙的弹塑性分析;
(4)根据中国规范设计一批受弯控制的剪力墙构件,综合考虑不同配筋、不同轴压比、不同尺寸的影响。采用MESAP的MVLEM模型对构件进行弹塑性分析,分析得到剪力墙的力-位移骨架曲线,通过骨架曲线形状计算剪力墙构件的屈服变形与极限变形,从而推导出受弯控制的剪力墙构件在小震、中震与大震作用下的变形性能指标。
(5)根据中国规范设计一批受剪控制的剪力墙构件,综合考虑不同配筋率、不同配箍率、不同轴压比、不同尺寸、不同高宽比的影响。采用MESAP的MCFT单元模型批量进行弹塑性分析,得到剪力墙的力-位移骨架曲线,通过骨架曲线计算剪力墙构件的极限变形,从而推导出受剪控制的剪力墙构件在小震、中震与大震作用下的变形性能指标。
(6)根据中国规范设计一批受剪控制的连梁构件,综合考虑不同的截面尺寸、跨高比、配筋及配箍情况的影响。采用MESAP的MCFT单元模型对其进行弹塑性分析,分析得到受剪控制连梁的极限变形,从而推导出受剪控制的连梁构件的大震、中震、小震的变形性能指标。根据中国规范设计一批受弯控制的连梁构件,采用MESAP的基于柔度法的纤维模型对其进行弹塑性分析,确定构件屈服变形与极限变形,从而推导出受
弯控制的连梁构件大震、中震、小震作用下的变形性能指标。(7)通过对弹塑性分析软件Perform-3D进行二次开发,建立基于性能的抗震设计方法的分析手段,并且嵌入了上述章节论证的剪力墙及连梁构件的变形性能指标。
(8)以一个剪力墙结构算例为基础,详细论述基于性能抗震分析方法的实现过程及变形性能指标的应用。最后通过实际工程算例论证基于性能抗震设计方法在超限高层建筑结构设计中的应用情况,反映基于性能抗震设计方法及剪力墙性能指标研究的工程意义。
Shear wall structure is a main structural system of high-rise building structure. It has larger stiffness and better seismic performance (compared to frame structure). The shear wall structure can dissipate the earthquake energy well by the plastic hinges of coupling beams, which are reasonable designed and constructed. So the concept“Strong wall piers and week coupling beams”is proposed in structural seismic design approach. Along with the development of seismic theory research, performance based seismic design (PBSD) approach is became one of the most popular topics in seismic research field. PBSD which is applied to the shear walls structure is presented in this paper. The author gain the deformation limit values under different earthquake levels of shear walls and coupling beams from component test and finite element analysis, and applied these deformation limit to the seismic design of a shear wall structure.
The main research include of several parts:
(1) Based on objected-oriental technology, the approach of setting up structural elastic-plastic analysis platform is proposed, and elastic-plastic analysis program MESAP is built. This platform is appropriate for the secondary development of element models and material models. A large number of components with different parameters can be analyzed by this platform. The platform can be used as an nonlinear analysis tool for shear walls and coupling beams.
(2) A macro shear wall element (MVLEM) which can consider the interaction of axial-flexure deforamtion of shear wall is developed in MESAP platform. According to the verification of the flexure-controlled shear wall test, the element is appropriate for elastic-plastic analysis of flexure-controlled shear walls.
(3) A plane element (MCFT) which can consider the interaction of axial-shear-flexure deforamtion of shear wall is developed in MESAP platform. According to the verification of the shear-controlled shear wall test, the element is appropriate for elastic-plastic analysis of shear-controlled shear walls.
(4) According to Chinese codes, a number of flexure-controlled shear wall specimens are designed, which consider the influence of different reinforcements, different axial force level and different dimensions. MVLEM element of MESAP is used for the elastic-plastic analysis of these specimens. Force-deformation skeleton curve (F-D curve) of shear walls is gained. By these curves the yield deformation and ultimate deformation are computed. Based on above calculation results, the deformation limit state of flexure-controlled shear walls under frequent earthquake, moderate earthquake and severe earthquake is deduced.
(5) According to Chinese codes, a number of shear-control shear wall specimens are designed, which consider the influence of different reinforcements, different axial force level, different dimensions and different height-width ratio. MCFT element of MESAP is used for the elastic-plastic analysis of these specimens. By F-D curves ultimate deformation are computed. Based on above calculation results, the deformation limit state of shear-controlled shear walls under frequent earthquake, moderate earthquake and severe earthquake is deduced.
(6) According to Chinese codes, a number of shear-controlled coupling beam specimens are designed, which consider the influence of different reinforcements, different stirrup ratios, different span-depth ratios and different dimensions. MCFT element of MESAP is used for the elastic-plastic analysis of these specimens. By F-D curves the ultimate deformation are computed. Based on above calculation results, the deformation limit state of shear-controlled coupling beams under frequent earthquake, moderate earthquake and severe earthquake is deduced.
According to Chinese codes, a number of flexure-controlled coupling beam specimens are designed. The flexibility based fiber element of MESAP is used for the elastic-plastic analysis of these specimens. By F-D curves the yield and ultimate deformation are computed. Based on above calculation results, the deformation limit state of flexure -controlled coupling beams under frequent earthquake, moderate earthquake and severe earthquake is deduced.
(7) The secondary development of Perform-3D is preceded in this paper. The secondary development program can be a tool for PBSD approach. The deformation limit state of shear walls and coupling beams which are discussed in this paper are built in the program.
(8) Based on shear walls structure example, this paper discuss the operation process of PBSD and the application of the deformation limit state. Finally, the paper shows how to use PBSD approach in the high-rise building structure, which exceeds the limitation of Chinese codes. The application indicated the significance of the research of PBSD and deformation limit state of shear wall components.
引文
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