摘要
海洋平台的重量和重心分布是海洋平台海上安装的重要控制参数,准确的重量和重心位置对选择浮吊和吊索起决定性作用。由于制造过程中因焊接材料、局部修改等因素影响,常使海洋平台重量与设计重量相差较大。且大型海洋平台往往存在柔度大、重量分布不均匀以及支承点跨距较大等特点。因此,对海洋平台称重系统的研究有着重要的工程背景和实践意义。
课题的主要任务是对原平台升降系统进行改造,重点是要解决如何提高控制精度和提高安全可靠性。在分析了原有海洋平台升降系统的基础上,针对其存在的缺点和不足之处,利用液压系统对海洋平台进行升降,通过位移传感器在升降过程中进行多点同步协调控制,并通过压力传感器来实现大型海洋平台的精确称重。
本文在调研及分析相关资料的基础上,对平台重量及重心测试系统的总体方案进行了设计;对平台升降控制的液压系统进行了设计,主要解决多液压缸系统的同步性,并要保证升降过程中千斤顶不超压;建立了平台称重系统的重量与重心计算的数学模型;研究了平台平衡升降的控制算法,并基于该算法编制了相应的计算机监控程序;对数据采集系统和计算机控制系统的软件、硬件进行了设计,并予以具体实现;对平台重量重心测试系统进行了现场调试及试用。
Weight distribution and Barycenter are critical parameters for installation of offshore platform. Accurate Weight and Barycenter have great influence on selection of slings and crane barge. Influenced by welding materials, partial modification and the like, there are often big difference between Design Weight and Actual Weight, and the offshore platforms are often with the characteristics of large flexibility, unsymmetrical weight distribution, large span between supports and the like. So, study on Weighting System for offshore platforms has important engineering background and practical significance.
Main task of the study is modification to the old Platform Lifting System, and the key point is to improve controlling accuracy and security. Based on analysis of the old Lifting Wystem, against the deficiencies and defects, lift the offshore platforms by using hydraulic system, achieve multipoint synchronization coordinated control by using displacement sensor during weighting, achieve accurate weighting by using pressure sensor for large-scale platforms.
A general design scheme for Platform Lifting and Barycenter Measuring System is made in this thesis on a basis of investigation and study, analysis of relevant materials; a design on hydraulic system used for platform lifting control is made which mainly for obtaining synchronization of Multi-cylinder and ensuring no cylinder over-pressure during lifting; a Maths Model is established which used for the Weighting System for computing weight and barycetner; a research on balance arithmetic is made, based on this arithmetic, the relevant computer monitoring procedure is wrote; the design for software and hardware for data collection system and computer monitoring system is made, and achieved; site debugging and probation of the Weighting and Barycenter Measuring System is carried out.
引文
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