摘要
矿山在进入深部开采后,软岩巷道围岩出现显著变形,围岩破碎严重,对巷道围岩稳定性的控制变得极其困难。鉴于此,本文以深部软岩巷道支护中存在的问题作为研究对象,通过现场调查及监测,分析了深部软岩巷道破坏原因与破坏类型,探讨了深部软岩巷道底鼓的原因和机理;揭示了深部软岩巷道变形具有较强时效性的特点;基于实测数据,采用多种方法对巷道位移监测过程和模型产生的厘米级系统误差进行了消除,提高了现场量测结果的精度。
基于突变理论分析了巷道围岩的变形和其工程力学属性具有突变性的特点,提出了矿山在进入深部后存在一临界深度,并运用突变理论对巷道围岩进行了稳定性分析,得出了围岩变形的稳定性判据;首次采用集对分析方法对不确定性的围岩体系进行了围岩质量评价,建立了围岩质量评价的集对分析模型。
基于混沌理论揭示了深部软岩巷道围岩变形过程的非线性动力学特征,提出了用混沌吸引子维数D和最大Lyapunov指数来判定巷道围岩系统的混沌程度。根据实测的巷道位移时间序列数据,重构了巷道位移的混沌时间序列状态空间,并给出了最大Lyapunov指数、嵌入空间维数和混沌吸引子维数D的计算方法,建立了围岩变形的混沌预测模型,得出了巷道围岩变形的相对稳定期。
运用数值模拟方法分析了深部软岩巷道开挖后围岩应力和位移分布规律,揭示了深部软岩巷道围岩变形的发展趋势;利用岩体塑性软化模型建立了深部软岩巷道围岩支护体系的非线性力学模型,给出了巷道围岩弹性区、塑性区、破碎区范围和应力的解析解。基于半空间问题的位移解,给出了全长粘结锚杆杆体所受的剪应力和轴力的计算方法,探讨了粘结锚杆杆体与浆体以及浆体与围岩的粘结机理。
探讨了动载下深埋巷道支护中用钢纤维混凝土代替素混凝土实施初支护的可行性,并分别对钢纤维混凝土进行了静态、动态以及动静组合加载下的力学性能对比试验,得出了适合深部软岩巷道支护的最佳钢纤维体积率。
根据深部软岩巷道围岩变形破坏的规律,分别提出了浅埋和深埋巷道的合理支护形式;在数值模拟计算和理论分析的基础上,对支护参数进行了优化设计;提出了深部软岩巷道预防与控制底鼓的具体措施;工业试验结果表明,所提出的支护方案对围岩变形的控制效果较好,而且对于深埋巷道,用钢纤维混凝土和树脂锚杆代替砂浆锚杆挂网支护,不仅可以达到有效支护目的,而且还可以减少作业工序,大大提高了工作效率。
After mining in depth, the surrounding rock's deformation of soft rock tunnel become prominent, the surrounding rock is cracked seriously and the control to the stability of the surrounding rock is also difficulty particularly. In view of this, the support problems of deep soft rock tunnel had been as the research object in this paper. By the field survey and measure, destruction causes and styles of deep soft rock tunnel were analyzed and the cause and mechanism of floor heave was discussed. The strong age characteristic of the surrounding rock's deformation of deep soft rock tunnel was concluded. Based on measured data, methods were used to eliminate the centimeter-level system errors from the model and observation process. So, the measure precision was improved largely.
Based on calastrophe theory, the mutation features of the surrounding rock's deformation and mechanics properties in engineering were analyzed. The concept of the critical depth was put forward after mining into depth. The stable criterion was obtained through the stability analysis the surrounding rock by this theory. Set pair analysis method was firstly adopted to evaluate on the surrounding rock quality about uncertain surrounding rock system and the set pair analysis model was also established.
Based on chaos theory, the characters of non-linear dynamic of the surrounding rock's deformation process were discussed. The chaotic attractor dimension D and the largest Lyapunov index (E_(max)) were put forward to determine whether the deformation process of roadway is chaotic and the degree of chaos. On basis of the measured data of the tunnel displacement time series, the state space of the chaotic time series of tunnel displacement was reconstructed. The calculation method of chaotic attractor dimension D , the largest Lyapunov index (E_(max)) and the imbedding dimension was offered. The chaotic time series model to predict the surrounding rock's deformation of deep soft rock tunnel was established. The relative stability period of the surrounding rock's deformation was obtained.
By numerical modeling method, the distribution laws of stress and displacement of deep soft rock after excavation were analyzed. The developing tendency of the surrounding rock's deformation was concluded. Based on plastic soften rockmass model, the nonlinear mechanical model of tunnel surrounding rock-support system was established. The analytical solution of the stress and plastic zone, elastic zone and crushing zone of tunnel surrounding rock. Based on the results of Mindlin, the calculation method of shearing stress and axial force of full-grouted bolt were obtained. The bonding mechanism of between full-grouted bolt and slurry, between slurry and surrounding rock were discussed.
The feasibility using steel fiber concrete as a substitute for plain concrete in deep tunnel support under dynamic load was studied. Compared test of steel fiber concrete under static, dynamic and static-and-dynamical combination load were carried out. The optimal influence of fiber volume ratio fitting to support deep soft rock tunnel was obtained.
On basis of laws of the surrounding rock's deformation and destruction, the reasonable support styles fitting to shallow tunnels and deep ones were put forward respectively. After numerical modeling and theoretical analysis, support parameters were optimized. The concrete measures to control and prevent floor heave were put forward. The industrial test results indicated that the applied support scheme was better, not only steel fiber concrete could control he surrounding rock's deformation, but also it could reduce working procedure and advance work efficiency greatly.
引文
[1]Dieting D H.Ultra-deep level mining:future requirements[J].Journal of the South African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy,1997,97(6):249-255
[2]Gurtunca R G,Keynote L.Mining below 3000 m and challenges for the South African gold mining industry[A].In:Proceedings of Mechanics of Jointed and Fractured Rock[C].Rotterdam:A.A.Balkema,1998,3-10
[3]古德生,李夕兵.有色金属深井采矿研究现状与科学前沿[C].中国有色金属学会,中国有色金属学会第五届学术年会论文集,2003,8:1-5
[4]古德生.金属矿床深部开采中的科学问题[C].香山第175次科学会议,北京:中国环境科学出版社,2002,192-201
[5]D.H.迪林.21世纪超深采矿[J].国外金属矿山,2000,6:25-31
[6]何满潮.软岩巷道工程概论[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,1993
[7]Fairhurst C.Deformation,yield,rupture and stability of excavations at great depth[A].In:Fairhurst C ed.Rockbust and Seismacity in Mines[C].Rotterdam:A.A.Balkema,1990,1103-1114
[8]何满潮.深部开采工程岩石力学的现状及其展望[A].见:中国岩石力学与工程学会主编.第八次全国岩石力学与工程学术大会论文集[C].北京:科学出版社,2004,88-94
[9]Malan D F,Spottiswoode S M.Time-dependent fracture zone behavior and sesmicity surrounding deep level stopping operations[A].In:Rockburst and Seismicity in Mines[C].Rotterdam:A.A.Balkema,1997,173-177
[10]钱鸣高.20年来采场围岩控制理论与实践的回顾[J].中国矿业大学学报,2000,29(1):1-4
[11]蔡美峰.中国金属矿山21世纪的发展前景评述[J].中国矿业,2001,10(1):11-13
[12]蔡美峰.中国金属矿山当前面临的主要问题及对策[J].矿业工程,2003,1(1):40-43
[13]谢和平.矿山岩体力学及工程的研究进展与展望[J].中国工程科学,2003,5(3):31-38
[14]Diering D H.Tunnels under pressure in an ultra-deep Wifwatersrand gold mine[J].Journal of the South African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy,2000,100:319-324
[15]Johnson R A S.Mining at ultra-depth,evaluation of alternatives[A].In:Proceedings of the 2~(nd)North America Rock Mechanics Symposium[C].Montreal:NARMS'96,1996,359-366
[16]钱七虎.深部地下空间开发中的关键科学问题[A].见:第230次香山科学会议—深部地下空间开发中的基础研究关键科学问题[C].[s,l]:[s,n],2004
[17]钱七虎.非线性岩石力学的新进展—深部岩体力学的若干问题[A].见:中国岩石力学与工程学会编.第八次全国岩石力学与工程学术大会论文集[C].北京:科学出版社,2004:10-17
[18]Vogel M,Andrast H P.Alp transit-safety in construction as a challenge,health and safety aspects in very deep tunnel construction[J].Tunneling and Underground Space Technology,2000,15(4):481-484
[19]G.V.Duganov,L.N.Kukhar',V.N.Kukharev,E.A.Kravets,V.S.Sklyar.Geothermal conditions in deep mines of the sverdlovugol' group[J].Journal of Mining Science,2001,2(6):1345-1358
[20]谢和平.深部高应力下的资源开发—现状、基础科学问题与展望[A].见:香山科学会议编,科学前言与未来(第六集)[C].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2002,179-191
[21]刘同有.国际采矿技术发展的趋势[J].中国矿山工程,2005,34(1):35-40
[22]何满潮.深部的概念体系与评价指标[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(16):2854-2858
[23]Joachim Kruger.Copper Mining and Metallurgy in Prehistoric and the More Recent Past[M].Eco-Efficiency in Industry and Science Press,2004
[24]V.T.Glushko,I.I.Vaganov.Influence of certain natural geological and mining-technology factors on the stability of a development working[J].Journal of Mining Science,1998,5(4):89-103
[25]E.V.Kukharev,L.G.Adorskaya.A method and a model for mining manipulator control[J].Journal of Mining Science,1990,26(6):172-181
[26]F.Winde,L.A.Sandham.Uranium pollution of South African streams-An overview of the situation in gold mining areas of the Witwatersrand[J].GeoJournal,2004,61(2):112-115
[27]Derman Dondurur.Depth Estimates for Slingram Electromagnetic Anomalies from Dipping Sheet-like Bodies by the Normalized Full Gradient Method[J].Pure and Applied Geophysics,2005,162(11):2179-2195
[28]Slawomir J.Gibowicz,Stanislaw Lasocki.Analysis of Shallow and Deep Earthquake Doublets in the Fiji-Tonga-Kermadec Region[J].Pure and Applied Geophysics,2007,164(1):42-53
[29]Yu.K.Zaretskii,M.I.Karabaev.Feasibility of Face Surcharging during Deep Settlement-Free Tunneling in Dense Urban Settings[J].Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering,2004,41(4):1136-1149
[30]M.Grodner.Fracturing around a preconditioned deep level gold mine stope[J].Geotechnicaland Geological Engineering,1999,17(3-4):418-422
[31]A.M.Milev,S.M.Spottiswoode.Effect of the Rock Properties on Mining-induced Seismicity Around the Ventersdorp Contact Reef,Witwatersrand Basin,South Africa[J].Pure and Applied Geophysics,1999,159(1-3):165-177
[32]Xian Zhang,Xian-kang Zhang,Min Liu.Deep structural characteristics and seismogenesis of the M≥8.0 earthquakes in North China[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,2003,16(2):148-155
[33]景海河.深部工程围岩特性及其变形破坏机制研究[博士学位论文][D].北京:中国矿业大学,2002
[34]R.D.Stewart.Development of seismic risk assessment method for application to rockburst-prone sites in deep-level South African gold mines:Transactions-Institution of Mining & Metallurgy,Section A,104(May-Aug),1995,pp A87-A95[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Science &Geomechanics Abstracts,1995,32(6):297-318
[35]A.M.Milev and S.M.Spottiswoode.Integrated seismicity around deep-level stopes in South Africa[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,1997,34(1-4):199.e1-199.e10
[36]R.J.Durrheim,A.Haile,M.K.C.Roberts,J.K.Schweitzer,S.M.Spottiswoode and J.W.Klokow.Violent failure of a remnant in a deep South African gold mine[J].Tectonophysics,1998,289(1-3):105-116
[37]Sh.M.Aitaliev.Development of the mechanics of underground and special structures in South Africa over the last 40 years[J].International Applied Mechanics,2004,40(10):1065-1091
[38]M.Milev,S.M.Spottiswoode.Effect of the Rock Properties on Mining-induced Seismicity Around the Ventersdorp Contact Reef,Witwatersrand Basin,South Africa[J].Pure and Applied Geophysics, 2002,159(1-3): 165-177
[39] R. A. Stewart, W. U. Reimold, E. G. Charlesworth and W. D. Ortlepp. The nature of a deformation zone and fault rock related to a recent rockburst at Western Deep Levels Gold Mine, Witwatersrand Basin, South Africa[J]. Tectonophysics, 2001, 337(3-4): 173-190
[40] Michael O.Woodburne. The Displacement and Strain Field of Three-dimensional Rheologic Model of Deep Ore mass by Soft Rock Inclusion[J]. Pure and Applied Geophysics, 1985, 10(3): 42-58
[41] Hinze, G-Gluckauf-forschungsh. Supports and strata behaviour in deep brown coal mining at Hirschberg mine (In German) [J]. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Science & Geomechanics Abstracts, 1994, 31(2): 95-108
[42] Maurice Lamontagne. An Overview of Some Significant Eastern Canadian Deep Rock Mass Hazards and Their Impacts on the Support Structure[J]. Natural Hazards, 2000, 26(1): 1025-1044
[43] Anirudh Dhebar. Complementarity, compatibility, and product change: Breaking with the past? [J]. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 1995, 12(2): 136-152
[44] Richard H. Mazzucchelli. The application of soil geochemistry to gold exploration in the black Flag Area, Yilgarn Block, Western Australia[J]. Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 1996, 57(1-3): 175-185
[45] W. D. Ortlepp. Observation of mining-induced faults in an intact rock mass at depth[J]. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, 2000, 37(1-2): 423-436
[46] Melvin G. Green and William A. Wallace. Large diameter tunneling in a soft clay shale - A case history of the San Antonio flood control tunnels [J]. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Science & Geomechanics Abstracts, 1993,30(7): 1461-1467
[47] Y. Jiang, H. Yoneda and Y. Tanabashi. Theoretical estimation of loosening pressure on tunnels in soft rocks[J]. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, 2001, 16(2): 99-105
[48] C. M. Woodruff, L. P. Wilding. Bedrock, soils, and hillslope hydrology in the Central Texas Hill Country, USA: implications on environmental management in a carbonate-rock terrain[J]. Environmental Geology, 1998, 24(7): 54-68
[49] A. Graziani, D. Boldini, R. Ribacchi. Practical Estimate of Deformations and Stress Relief Factors for Deep Tunnels Supported by Shotcrete[J]. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, 2005, 38(5): 1367-1381
[50] F. F. Bulat. Current challenges of Geotechnical Mechanics[J]. International Applied Mechanics, 2006, 42(9):967-975
[51] Paterson M S. Experimental deformation and faulting in Wombeyanmarble[J]. Bull.Geol.Soc .Am, 1958, 69:465-467
[52] Mogi K. Deformation and fracture of rocks under confining pressure: elasticity and plasticity of some rocks[J]. Bull.Earthquake Res Inst Tokyo Univ, 1965,43:349-379
[53] Mogi K. Pressure dependence of roc k strength and transition frombrittle fracture to ductile flow[J]. Bull. Earthquake Res. Inst. Tokyo Univ, 1966, 44:215-232
[54] Paterson M S. Experimental Roc k Deformation- the Brittle Field[M]Berlin: Springer. 1978
[55] Heard H C. Transition from brittle fracture to ductile flow in Solenhofen limestone as a function of temperature, confining pressure and interstitial fluid pressure[J]. Bull. Geol. Soc.Am, 1960, 79:193-226
[56] Singh J. Strength of rocks at depth[A]. In: Rock at Great Depth[C]. Rotterdam: A.A. Balkema, 1989, 37-4
[57] Kwasniewski M A. Laws of brittle failure and of B-D transition insandstone[A]. In: Rock at Great Depth[C]. Rotterdam: A. A.Balkema, 1989,45-58
[58] Shimada M. Lithosphere strength infered from fracture strength of rocks at high confining pressures and tempe ratures[J]. Tectonophysics, 1993, 217: 55-64
[59] Meissner R, Kusznir N J. Crustal viscosity and the reflectivity of thelower crust[J]. Ann. Geophys. 1987, (5B):365-373
[60] Ranalli G, Murphy D C. Rheological stratification of the lithosphere[J]. Tectonophysics, 1987, 132: 281-295
[61] Sibson R H. Fault rock and sand fault mcchanism[J]. J.Geol.Soc.London, 1977, 133: 191-213
[62] Kwon S, Park B Y, Kang C. Structural stability analysis for a high-level underground nuclear waste repository in granite[A]. In: Pacific Rocks 2000-Proc the 4th North American Rock Mech. Symp[C]. [s.l.]: [s.n.], 2000, 1279-1285
[63] Blacic J D. Importance of creep failure of hard rock joints in the near field of a nuclear waste repository[A]. In: Proc. Workshop on Near field Phenomenon in Geologic Repo sitories for Radioactive Waste[C]. [s. l.]: [s.n.]. 1981, 121-132
[64] Malan D F, Spottiswoode S M. Time-depe ndent fracture zone behavior and seismicity surounding deep level stopping operations[A]In: Rockburst and Seismicity in Mines[C], Rotterdam: A. A. Balkema, 1997, 173-177
[65] Malan D F. Time-dependent behavior of deep level tabular excavations in hard rock[J]. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering. 1999, 32: 123-155
[66] Malan D. F. Simulation of the time-dependent behavior of excavations in hard rock[J]. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, 2002, 35(4): 225-254
[67] Malan D F, Basson F R P. Ultra-deep mining: the increase potential for squeezing conditions[J]. J. S. Afr Inst. Min. Metal 1. 1998, 98:353-363
[68] Barla. G.Squeezing rocks in tunnels[J]. ISRM. New J, 1995, 2: 4-49
[69] Aydan O, Akagi T, Kavamoto. The squeezing potential of rock around tunnels: theory and prediction with examples tak en from Japan[J].Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, 1996,29: 125-143
[70] Pusch R. Mechanisms and consequences of creep in crystallinerocklA]. In: Hudson J A ed. Comprehensive Rock Enginee ring[C]. Oxford: Pergamon Press, 1993,227-241
[71] Sibson R H. Power dissipation and stress levels on faults in the upper crust[J]. J Geophys Res, 1980, 85:6239-6247
[72] Matsushima S. On the flow and fracture of igneous rocks and on the deform action and fracture of granite under high confining pressure[J]. Bull. Disaster Prevention Res Inst, Kyoto Univ, 1960, 36: 20-26
[73] Pusch R. Mechanisms and consequences of creep in crystalline Rock[A]. In: Hudson J A. ed. Comprehensive Roc k Engineering[C]. Oxford: Pergamon Press, 1993,227-241
[74] Muirwood A M. Tunnels for roads and motorways[J]. Quart. J. Eng. Geol, 1972,5: 119-120
[75] Shimada M, U.J T. Temperature dependence of granite strength seismogenic zones in the crust[A]. In: Proc. Int. Conf. on "Deformation Mechanism, Rheology and Microstructures"[C].[s.l.]:[s.n.],1999,46-54
[76]李世平.岩石力学简明教程[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,1996
[77]周维垣.高等岩石力学[M].北京:水利水电出版社,1990
[78]Cleary,M.Efects of depth on rock fracture[A].In:Rock at Great Depth[C].Rotterdam:A.A.Balkema,1989,1153-1163
[79]Marcak H.The structure of seismic events sequences obtained from Polish deep mines[A].In:Rockburst and Seismicity in Mines[C].Rotterdam:A.A.Balkema,1997,107-109
[81]Gibowicz S J,Kijko A.An Introduction to Mining Seismology[M].San Diego:Academic Press,1994
[82]Ortlepp W D.High ground displacement velocities associated with rockburst damage[A].In:Rockburst and Seismicity in Mines[C].Rotterdam:A.A.Balkema,1993,101-106
[83]Kirzhner F,Rosenhouse G.Numerical analysis of tunnel dynamic response to earth motions[J].Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,2000,15(3):249-258
[84]谢和平.岩石混凝土损伤力学[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,1990
[85]唐春安.岩石破裂过程中的灾变[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,1993
[86]Tang C A,Th am L G,Lee P K K,et al.Numerical tests on micro-macro relationship of rock failure under uniaxial compression[J].Int.J.Rock Mech.Min.Sci.,2000,37:555-569
[87]李夕兵,古德生.岩石冲击动力学[M].长沙:中南工业大学出版社,1994
[88]Li X B,Lok T S,Zhao J,et al.Oscillation elimination in the Hopkinson bar apparatus and resultant complete dynamic stress-strain curves for rocks[J].Int.J.Rock Mech Min.Sci.,2000,37(7):1055-1060
[89]李夕兵,古德生.深井坚硬矿岩开采中高应力的灾害控制与碎裂诱变[A].见:香山科学会议编.科学前沿与未来(第六集)[C].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2002,101-108
[90]Z.T.Bieniawski著.吴立新等译.工程岩体分类[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,1993
[91]陆家梁.软岩巷道支护技术[M].吉林科学技术出版社,1994
[92]何修仁.深井施工的几个问题[J].冶金矿山设计与建设,1991,12(3):27-32
[93]朱效嘉.膨胀性软岩[J].矿业科学技术,1987,7(4):15-19
[94]曾小泉.深井软岩分类细则[J].建井技术,1989,14(3):26-31
[95]林育梁.软岩工程力学若干理论问题的探讨[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1999,18(6):690-693
[96]董方庭.围岩松动圈支护理论[A].第三届国际采矿科学技术讨论会文集[C],1991,127-132
[97]鹿守敏,宋宏伟.巷道支护松动圈围岩分类方法[J].光爆锚喷通讯,1991,8(3):21-25
[98]何满潮.中国煤矿软岩工程地质力学研究进展[J].煤,2000,9(1):6-11
[99]何满潮,景海河,孙晓明.软岩工程地质力学研究进展[J].工程地质学报,2000,8(1):45-62
[100]工程岩体分级标准编制组.中华人民共和国国家标准,工程岩体分级标准,2001
[101]李华晔.地下洞室围岩稳定性分析[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,1999
[102]陈昌彦,王贵荣.各类岩体质量评价方法的相关性探讨[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2002,21(12):2-5
[103]Barton N.Some new Q-value correlations to assist in site characterisation and tunnel design[J].International.Journal of Rock Mechanics &Mining Sciences,1982,39(6):185 - 216
[104]Bieniawski Z T.Geomechanics classification of rockmasses and its application in tunneling[A].In:Proc.3th Int.Cong.on Rock,Mechanics (ISRM)[C],Denver.1974:[s.n.],4:27-32
[105]Bieniawski Z T.Rock mass classification in rock engineering[A].In:Proc.Symposium for rock engineering[C].Johannesburg:[s.n.],1976,1:97-106
[106]Barton N,Grimsta E.Rockmass conditions dictate choice between NMT and NATM[J].Tunnels and Tunneling,1994,(1):14-17
[107]Barton N.Analysis of rock mass quality and support practice in tunneling and a guide for estimating support requirements[J].Rock Mechanics,1974,6(4):189-236
[108]Barton N.Rock mass classification and tunnel reinforcment selection using the Q-system[A].In:Proc.Symp.Rock Class.Eng.Purp.,ASTM Special Technical Publiction 984[C].Philidellphia:[s.n.],1988,59-88
[109]谷德振.岩体工程地质力学基础[M].北京:科学出版社,1979
[110]林韵梅,王维纲.岩体工程稳定性分级的研究[J].东北工学院学报,1983, 12(1):8-13
[111]黄建安,王思敬.岩体特性和岩体应力推算的回归分析[J].地质科学,1984,6(2):16-20
[112]周创兵.围岩质量分级的判别函数及其应用[J].水文地质工程地质,1991,22(2):25-29
[113]郑颖人,龚晓南.地下工程锚喷支护设计指南[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,1988
[114]重庆建筑工程学院,同济大学.岩体力学[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1981
[115]高磊.矿山岩体力学[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1988
[116]H.Kastner.Ostereich[J].Bauzeitischri $,1947(1):11-12
[117]米勒.L.新奥法的基本思想和主要原则[J].地下工程,1980,23(6):134-141
[118]董方庭,宋宏伟,郭志宏等.巷道围岩松动圈支护理论[J].煤炭学报,1994,19(1):21-33
[119]孙钧.岩土材料流变及其工程应用[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1999
[120]孙钧.岩石流变力学及其工程应用研究的若干进展[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(6):1081-1103
[121]杨圣奇.岩石流变力学特性研究及其工程应用[博士学位论文][D].南京:河海大学,2005
[122]万志军,周楚良,罗兵全等.软岩巷道围岩非线性流变数学力学模型[J].中国矿业大学学报,2004,33(4):468-472
[123]金丰年,范华林.岩石的非线性流变损伤模型及其应用研究[J].解放军理工大学学报,2000,1(3):1-5
[124]A kagi T,Ich ikaw a Y,Kuroda H,et al.Non-linear rheological analysis of deeply located tunnels[J].International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics,1984,8(5):457-471
[125]潘岳,王志强,王在泉.非线性硬化与软化的巷道围岩应力分布与工况研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(7):1341-1351
[126]Stille H,Holmbery M,Nord G.Support of weak rock with grouted bolts and shotcrete[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences and Geomechanics Abstracts,1989,26(1);99-113
[127]Pan Y,Dong J J.Time dependent tunnel convergence-Ⅱ.Advance rate and tunnel-support interaction[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences and Geomechanics Abstracts,1991,28(6):477-488
[128]范文,俞茂宏,陈立伟等.考虑剪胀及软化的洞室围岩弹塑性分析的统一解[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(19):3213-3220
[129]袁文伯,陈进.软化岩层中巷道的塑性区与破碎区[J].煤炭学报,1986,11(3):77-85
[130]王祥秋,杨林德,高文华.软弱围岩蠕变损伤机理及合理支护时间的反演分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(5):793-796
[131]秦跃平,王林,孙文标等.岩石损伤流变理论模型研究[J].岩石力学与工程学,2002,21(增2):2291-2295
[132]盛建龙,刘新波,尹东.损伤张量与巷道围岩变形分析[J].武汉科技大学学报,2002,25(2):111-123
[133]Bosasart P,Meier P M,Moeri A,et al.Geological and hydraulic characterization of the excavation disturbed zone in the Opalinus Clay of the Mont Terri Rock Laboratory[J].Engineering Geology,2002,66(1/2):19-38
[134]陈卫忠,李术才,邱祥波.断裂损伤耦合模型在围岩稳定性分析中的应用[J].岩土力学,2002,23(2):288-291
[135]朱维申,张强勇,李术才.三维弹塑性断裂损伤模型在裂隙岩体工程中的应用[J].固体力学学报,1999,20(2):164-170
[136]陈有亮,孙钧.岩石的流变断裂特性[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1996,15(4):323-327
[137]Ronaldo I,Borja FE.Modeling of strain localization in soft rock[J].Journal of geotechnical and geoenvironmental engineering,2000,15(4):335-343
[138]金济山.岩石扩容性质及其本构模型的研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1993,8(2):162-172
[139]朱珍德,张爱军,邢福东.红山窑膨胀岩的膨胀和软化特性及模型研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(3):389-393
[140]Wittke J.Foundations for the design and construction of runnels in swelling rock[A].In:Proceedings of the 4th International Congress on Rock Mechanics[C].Switzerlang:[s.n.],1979,719-729
[141]Gysel M.Design methods for structure in swelling rock[J].ISRM,1988,22(4):377-381
[142]JC.施坦库斯.锚杆支护新进展[J].中国煤炭,1997,6(2):23-27
[143]陈玉祥,王霞,刘少伟.锚杆支护理论现状及发展趋势探讨[J].西部探矿工程,2004,11(10):155-157
[144]A.哈依斯,等.岩层控制技术的发展现状[C].国外锚杆支护技术译文集,煤炭科学研究总院北京开采所,1997
[145]李常文,周景林.组合拱理论在软岩巷道锚喷设计中应用[J].辽宁工程技术大学学报(自然科学版),2004,13(5):32-36
[146]希罗科夫,等.锚杆支护手册[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,1992
[147]王梦恕.全长锚固锚杆机理的探讨[J].煤炭学报,1983,4(1):27-32
[148]候朝炯,勾攀峰.巷道锚杆支护围岩强度强化机理研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2000,19(3):342-345
[149]陆士良,汤雷,杨新安.锚杆锚固力与锚固技术[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,1998
[150]林崇德,赵歌今.困难条件下煤巷锚杆支护技术[J].中国煤炭,1997,23(6):36-38
[151]Gunnar Wijk.A Theoretical Remark on the stress Field around Prestresse Bolts[J].Int.J.Rock Mech,Min.SCI.& Genomech.Abstr,1978,24(15):289-294
[152]林世胜.锚杆对洞周粘弹性岩体应力状态的影响[J].岩土工程学报,1983,5(3):12-27
[153]A.P.S.Sesasdurai.some Results concerning the viscoelasic Relaxition of Prestress in a surface Rock Anchor[J].Int.J.Rock Mech.Min.SCI.&Genomech.Abstr,1979,(16):1307-1310
[154]H.Still,M.Holmberg,Support of weak Rock with Grouted Bolts and shotcrete[J].Int.J.Rock Mech.Min.SCI.& Genomech.Abstr,1989,26(1):99-133
[155]B.Indraratna,P.K.Kaiser.Design for Grouted Rock Bolts on the convergence control method[J].Int.J.Rock Mech.Min.SCI.& Genomech.Abstr,1990,27(4):269-281
[156]汤伯森.弹型性围岩砂浆锚杆支护问题的结算法[J].岩土工程学报,1999,13(6):42-51
[157]张玉军.地下圆形洞室锚固区按环向各异性体计算的弹性解[C].武汉:中国青年者岩土工程力学与应用讨论会论文集[A],1994,12:686-689
[158]P.P.Oreste,D.Peila.Radial Passive Rock Boliting in Tunnelling Design with a New Covergence-Confinement Model[J].Int.J.Rock Mech.Min.SCI.& Genomech.Abstr.1996,33(5):443-454
[159]徐恩虎,李贵民.巷道锚杆各向异性作用结果的是指分析[J].山东矿业 学院学报,1999,8(3):11-12
[160]程良奎.喷射混凝土[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1990
[161]高丹盈,赵军,朱海堂.钢纤维混凝土设计与应用[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2002:38-51
[162]黄承逵.纤维混凝土结构[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2004:52-78
[163]赵国藩.钢纤维混凝土的性能和应用[J].工业建筑,1989,18(2):15-19
[164]关丽秋.钢纤维混凝土在单向拉伸时的增强机理与破坏形态的分析[J].水利学报,1986,9:34-43
[165]李源泉,申兰江.井巷与硐室工程中钢纤维混凝土研究与开发[J].矿冶,2006,15(2):5-8
[166]陈晓东.钢纤维混凝土在隧洞加固处理中的应用[J].现代隧道技术,2002,39(1):61-64
[167]韩志军.钢纤维喷射混凝土支护软岩巷道[J].煤炭科学技术,1993,12:34-36
[168]周宏伟,谢和平,董正亮,等.深部软岩巷道喷射钢纤维混凝土支护技术[J].工程地质学报,2001,9(4):392-398
[169]姜耀东,赵毅鑫,刘文岗等.深部开采中巷道底鼓问题的研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(14):2396-2401
[170]陆士良,姜耀东.巷道底鼓的机理与防治[J].中国煤炭,1995,8:12-17
[171]康红普.软岩巷道底鼓机理及防治[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,1993
[172]王卫军,黄成光,侯朝炯等.综放沿空掘巷底鼓的受力变形分析[J].煤炭学报,2002,27(1):26-30
[173]Staakus JC,PengS S.Floor bolting for control of mine floor heave[J].Mining Engineering,1994,46(9):1099-1102
[174]谢卫红,陆士良,张玉祥.挠曲褶皱性巷道底臌机理分析及防治对策研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2001,20(1):57-60
[175]李树清,冯涛,王从陆等.葛泉矿软岩大巷底鼓机理及控制研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(8):1450-1455
[176]翁汉民.地下工程测量与试验[M].成都:西南交通大学出版社,1989
[177]余贤斌,杨锦灿,李汉宜.乔后盐矿巷道变形收敛的观测及结果分析[J].昆明工学院学报,1994,19(5):11-15
[178]靳晓光,王兰生,李晓红.地下工程围岩二次应力场的现场测试与监测[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2002,21(5):651-653
[179]谢和平,刘夕才,王金安.关于21世纪岩石力学发展战略的思考[J].岩 土工程学报,1996,18(4):98-102
[180]朱维申,何满潮.复杂条件下围岩稳定性与岩体动态施工力学[M].北京:科学出版社,1996
[181]Gurtunca R G,Keynote lecture:Mining below 3000 m and challenges for the South African gold mining industry[M],In:Rossmanith H Ped,Proc.Mech.of Jointed and Fractured Rock.Rotterdam:A A.Bulkema,1998
[182]Zhu W,Wu B,Lin S.Optimum non-Linear analysis on reasonable excavating order and anchoring treatment of large sized rock chambers[J].Int.Syra.On large rock caverns,Helsinki,1986
[183]Gencer M.Progressive failure in stratified and jionted rock mass[J].Rock Mech.1988,18(2):267-292
[184]徐光辉,刘彦佩,程侃.运等学基础手册[M],北京:科学出版社,1999
[185]Ge-mai Chen,Jin-hong You.Iterative weighted semiparametric least squares estimation in repeated measurement partially linear regression models[J].Acta Mathematicae Applicatae Sinica,English Series,2005,21(2):177-192
[186]黄维彬.近代平差理论及其应用[M].北京:解放军出版社,1992
[187]李明峰,陶本藻.平差系统模型误差补偿的配置法[J].大地测量与地球动力,2004(3):11-14
[188]Fischer B,Hegland M.Collocation filtering and nonparametric regression[J].ZfV,1999(1):17-23
[189]Green P J,Silverman B W.Nonparametric regression and generalized linear models[M].London:Chapman and Hall,1994
[190]王仁宏.数值逼近方法[M].北京:高教出版社,2000
[191]王正明,易东之.测量数据建模与参数估计[M].长沙:国防科技大学出版社,1996
[192]张国芹,朱长青,王光霞.GIS数据误差处理的阻尼最小二乘算法[J].测绘学院学报,2004,21(1):8-10
[193]Dermains A and Sanso F.Nonlinear estimation problems for nonlinear models[J].Manu,Geod.1995,20(2):110-122
[194]范东明.非线性最小二乘参数平差迭代算法[J].测绘学院学报,2001,18(3):173-175
[195]王穗辉.遗传算法在非线性最小二乘平差中的应用[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2006,26(2):95-98
[196]Liu Guo-lin.Nonlinear least squares theory and survey adjustment[M].Bejing: Publishing House of Surveying andMapping,2002,(in Chinese)
[197]余学祥,张华海,吕伟才等.Kalman滤波在GPS监测网中的应用[J].工程勘察,2000,9(4):33-36
[198]崔希璋,於宗俦,陶本藻等.广义测量平差[M].北京:测绘出版社,1992
[199]张双成.GPS动态导航数据处理中函数模型的研究及其应用[博士学位论文][D].西安:长安大学,2005
[200]许国辉,刘跃.卡尔曼滤波的精度评定[J].广州大学学报(自然科学版),2002,1(5):58-59
[201]P.J.Green and B.W.Silverman.Nonparametric regression and generalized linear models[M].Londen:Chapman&Hall,1995,63-86
[202]李恒杨,李明峰,汪洋.半参数法在基坑深层水平位移数据处理中的应用[J].南京工业大学学报,2007,29(1):78-80
[203]吴庆忠,金继读,赵长胜.半参数回归分析及其在测绘数据处理中的应用[J].辽宁工程技术大学学报,2003(6):756-759
[204]潘岳,王志强.应变非线性软化的圆形硐室围岩-位移关系研究[J].岩土力学,2004,25(10):1515-1521
[205]秦四清,张倬元,王士天.非线性工程地质学导论[M].西安:西安交通大学出版社,1993
[206]凌复华.突变理论及其应用[M].上海:上海交通大学出版社,1988
[207]刘军,秦四清,张倬元.缓倾角层状岩体失稳的尖点突变模型研究[J].岩土工程学报,2001,23(1):42-44
[208]王连国,缪协兴.基于尖点突变模型的矿柱失稳机理研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2006,23(2):137-140
[209]李术才,陈卫忠,朱维申等.加锚节理岩体裂纹扩展失稳的突变模型研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(10):1661-1666
[210]李文成.马路坪矿段深部开采地压及水泵房变形治理研究[硕士学位论文].长沙:中南大学,2003
[211]邓聚龙.灰理论基础[M].武汉:华中科技大学出版社,2002
[212]靳晓光,李晓红,亢会明.线性—非线性GM模型在地下工程围岩位移模拟预测中的应用[J].公路隧道,2001,22(4):24-27
[213]赵克勤.集对分析及其初步应用[J].大自然探索,1994,13(1):67-72
[214]赵克勤,宜爱理.集对论——一种新的不确定性理论方法与应用[J].系统工程,1996,14(1):18-23
[215]黄祥志,佘成学.基于可拓理论的围岩稳定性分类方法的研究[J].岩土力 学,2006,27(10):1800-1814
[216]刘沐宇,李新平.可拓识别方法在巷道围岩分类中的应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1999,18(增):1295-1297
[217]连建发,慎乃齐.,张杰坤.分形理论在岩体质量评价中的应用研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,200l,20(增):1695-1698
[218]王广月,刘健.围岩稳定性的模糊物元评价方法[J].水利学报,2004,22(5):20-24
[219]胡建华,王福寿,张世雄等.地下工程围岩稳定性的MBP神经网络识别[J].岩土工程界,2001,4(12):63-64
[220]李迎富,华心祝.回采巷道围岩稳定性模糊综合评判研究[J].采矿技术,2006,6(1):21-51
[221]岩小明,李夕兵,郭雷等.地下开采矿岩稳定性的模糊灰元评价[J].矿冶工程,2005,25(6):21-25
[222]王连国,吴士良,宋杨.煤层底板变形破坏过程中混沌动力学特征研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2001,20(增2):1392-1397
[223]谭云亮,宋杨.顶板运动过程中混沌分析[J].矿山压力与顶板管理,1997,(3-4):227-229
[224]蔡美峰,来兴平,李长洪.非线性地下岩土结构与工程安全监控新理论[J].金属矿山,2000,293(11):4-7
[225]王东生,曹磊.混沌、分形及其应用[M].合肥:中国科学技术出版社,1995
[226](美)E.N.洛仑兹,刘式达译.混沌的本质[M].北京:气象出版社,1997
[227]Lorenz.E.N.The essence of chaos[M].Washington:The University of Washington Press,1993
[228]LIT,York J A.Periods 3 implies chaos.Amer.Math.Monthly,1975,82:985-992
[229]Grassberger P,Procaecia.J.Dimensions and entropies of strange attractors from a fluctuating dynamics approach.Physica D,1984
[230]Cao,L.Practical Methods for determining the minimum embedding dimension of a scalar time series.Physica D,1993,110:43-50
[231]M.T.Rosenstein,J.J.Collins,C.J.De Luca.A Practical method for calculating largest Lyapunov Exponents from small data sets.Physica D,1993,(65):117-119
[232]D.Kuglumtzis,B.Lillekjendlie,n.Christophersen Chaotic time series l, Modeling,Identification and Control.1994
[233]D.Kuglumtzis,B.Lillekjendlie,n.Christophersen Chaotic time series 2,Modeling,Identification And Control.1994
[234]Takens F.Detecting Strange Attractors in Turbulence[M].//Rand D A,Young L S,eds.Dynamical Systems and Turbulence.Berlin:Spring-Verlag,1981,366-381
[235]Packard.Geometry from time Series[J].Phys.Rev Lett,1980,45(8):712-716
[236]Fraser A M,Swinney H L.Independent coordinates for strange attractors[J].Physical Review A,1986,33(2):1134-1140
[237]Kennel M B,Brown R,Abarbanel H D J.Determining embedding dimensions for phase 2 space chaotic data[J].Phys.Rev.A,1992,45(6):3403-3411
[238]Abarbanel H D J,Kennel M B.Local false nearest neighbors and dynamical dimensions from observed chaotic data[J].Phys.Rev.E,1993,47(5):3057-3068
[239]Graassberger P,Procacciaca I.Characterization of Strange Attractors[J].Physical Review Letters,1983,50(5):346-349
[240]ZHAI Xin-xian,LI Di-quan,SHAO Qiang,et al.Control over surrounding rocks deformation of soft floor and whole-coal gateways with trapezoidal supports[J].Journal of China University of Mining & Technology,2005,25(2):118-123
[241]Bronw E T,Hoek E.Trends in relationships between measured rock in situ stress and depth[J].Int Rock Mech Min Sci Geomech Abstr,1978,15(4):211-215
[242]何满潮,李春华,王树仁.大断面软岩硐室非线性开挖力学特性数值模拟[J].岩土工程学报,2002,24(4):483-486
[243]朱维申,刘建华,杨法玉.小浪底水利枢纽地下厂房岩体支护效果数值分析研究[J].岩土力学,2006,27(7):1087-1091
[244]刘建华,朱维申,李术才.岩土介质三维快速拉格朗日数值分析方法研究[J].岩土力学,2006,27(4):525-529
[245]Saaty T L.Modeling Unstructed Decision Problems-The Theory of Analytical Hierarchies Proceedings of the First International Conference on Mathematical Modeling,University of Missouri,Rolla,Missouri 1997
[246]陈新,杨强,何满潮等.考虑深部岩体各向异性强度的井壁稳定分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(16):2882-2888
[247]Palmstrom A.Characterizing Rock Masses by the Rmi for Use in Practical Rock Engineering Part 1:The development of the Rock Mass Index(Rmi)[J].Tunneling and Underground Space Technology,Vol.11(2).1996
[248]Sfille H.Nord G Support of weak rock with grouted bolts and shotcrete[J].Journal of Rock Mechanical in Mining Science and Geomechanics.Abstr,1989,26:99-113
[249]Pan Y W Dong J J.Time dependent tunnel convergence-Ⅱ.Advance rate and tunnel-support interaction[J].Journal of Rock mechanical in Mining Science and Geomechanics,1999,261-266
[250]Yamatomi J.Mogi G.Supporting effects tunnel face[A].Proceeding of the 8th Japan Symposium on Rock Mechanics,[s.l.]:[s.n.],1988
[251]潘岳,王志强.基于应变非线性软化的圆形硐室围岩的弹塑性分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(6):915-920
[252]郑雨天.岩石力学的弹塑粘性理论基础[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,1988
[253]过镇海,张秀琴.单调载荷作用下混凝土应力-应变全曲线的试验研究[A],科学报告集[C],北京:清华大学出版社,1987
[254]尤春安.全长粘结式锚杆受力分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2000,19(3):339-341
[255]方勇,何川.全长粘结式锚杆与隧道围岩相互作用研究[J].工程力学,2007,24(6):111-116
[256]黎良杰,钱鸣高,闻全等.底板岩体结构稳定性与突水关系的研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,1995,24(4):18-23
[257]薛顺勋.软岩巷道支护设计指南[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,2000
[258]李庶林,桑玉发.应力控制技术及其应用综述[J].岩土力学,1997,18(1):90-96
[259]黄承逵.纤维混凝土结构[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2004
[260]高丹盈.钢纤维混凝土设计与应用[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2002
[261]D.L.Grote,S.W.Park,M.Zhou.Dynamic behavior of concrete at high strain rates and pressures:Ⅰ[J].Experimental Characterization.International Journal Impact Engineering,2001,25:869-886
[262]Hart zhao.A Study on Testing Techniques for Concrete like Materials under Compressive Impact Loading[J].Cement and Concrete Composites 1998, 20:293-299
[263]胡时胜,王道荣,刘剑飞.混凝土材料动态力学性能的实验研究[J].工程力学,(18)5:115-120
[264]李夕兵,古德生.冲击载荷下岩石动态应力应变全图测试中的合理加载波形[J].爆炸与冲击,1993,13(2):125-131
[265]Li X.B.Lok T.S.and Zhao J.Dynamic characteristics of granite subjected to intermediate loading rate[J].Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering.2005,38(1):21-39