摘要
本论文通过将5～28 wt%的正十八烷微胶囊添加在聚氨酯发泡体系中,制备了含有相变材料微胶囊(MicroPCMs)的聚氨酯泡沫。系统研究了不同粒度的正十八烷微胶囊对聚氨酯发泡体系的影响,及较高正十八烷微胶囊含量的聚氨酯泡洙制备。通过傅立叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、差示扫描量热仪(DSC)、热重分析仪(TG)等方法对制备的试样进行了测试分析,得到了如下主要研究结论:
1、要制备良好的含相变材料微胶囊的聚氨酯泡沫,需要调节各组分的用量。埋置于聚氨酯基体中的MicmPCMs呈球形,表面光滑,较好的保持了完整形态,说明MicroPCMs的囊壁材料与聚氨酯有较好的相容性。
2、当MicroPCMs粒度减小后(如粒度≤180μm),其比表面积增加,MicroPCMs表面吸附的制备过程残留添加剂量相对增多,对发泡影响较大,将其直接添加到聚氨酯发泡体系中,结果发现并泡、破泡、塌泡现象十分严重,不能形成泡沫,而最终得到固结物。
3、MicroPCMs进行热处理后,可以减小其对发泡的不利影响,调节发泡配方后,可以制成良好泡沫,MicroPCMs的热处理条件可选为130℃,30 min。
4、MicroPCMs粒度减小时,制得的聚氨酯泡沫泡孔较采用大粒度MicroPCMs制得的聚氨酯泡沫泡孔均匀,表现出较好的均一性,且可以减小其对聚氨酯泡沫物理力学性能的损失。
5、随着MicroPCMs在聚氨酯泡沫中含量的增加,其相变热也随之增加,相对于纯聚氨酯泡沫,具备了一定的储热功能,且MicroPCMs的加入不会降低聚氨酯基体的热稳定性。
6、随MicroPCMs的增加,混合体系粘度增加,适当降低体系粘度,有利于发泡的进行及MicroPCMs含量的提高。
Polyurethane foams containing 5～28 wt% microcapsules were fabricated by adding microencapsulated n-octadecane (MicroPCMs) in reactants. The effects of different congregated granularities of microencapsulated n-octadecane on polyurethane foams were also studied. Polyurethane foams containing relative high content of MicroPCMs were fabricated. The samples were investigated using Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electronic Microscopy (SEM), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TG) and so on. The results show that:
1. In order to improve the quality of the foam, the contents of additives should be adjusted. MicroPCMs are evenly inserted inside the foam and compatible well with polyurethane and the microcapsules are intact.
2. When relative low granularities of MicroPCMs were used as additives, the remnant water and formaldehyde on the surface of MicroPCMs have effects on the foam. It can not get qualified foam, when MicroPCMs were added into foaming system directly.
3. MicroPCMs had better being heat-treated which is helpful for fabricating qualified foam. The heat-treatment condition was selected as 130℃for 30 min.
4. The size of cells became average and the physical property were improved when reduce the granularities of MicroPCMs.
5. The higher the MicroPCMs content in the composite foam, the higher is the heat storage ability of the foam. MicroPCMs have no significant influence to the thermal stability of polyurethane foam. The viscosity would increase when MicroPCMs were added into foaming mixture.
6. Decreasing the viscosity of the mixture is helpful for enhancing the content of MicroPCMs.
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