摘要
建筑与气候关系密切，探索我国气候与建筑的关系和适应气候的设计分析方法，对建筑能源的节约和地域性建筑的发展和延续有重要的作用。在建筑方案设计阶段，从人体生理舒适角度，正确分析和评价室外气候对建筑设计和室内热环境的影响，提出适宜的应对对策，是建筑设计的关键问题之—。
本文系统地进行了我国建筑气候设计分析方法和气候设计策略的研究。
依据世界气象组织(WMO)关于气象参数统计时段的规定，考虑到我国不同城市区域气候的特点，在建立室外气象参数分析模型的基础上，本文首次统计分析了我国18个城市最近30年(1970-2000)的主要气象参数，包括月平均温度、月最高温度、最低温度、以及对应的最小相对湿度和最大相对湿度，为建筑气候设计奠定了数据基础。
利用建筑气候设计原理，分析了室外气候条件与热舒适区的关系，建立了不同被动式设计方法的边界气候条件。考虑到我国气候的多样性以及本文的研究目的，在建立气候分析图时，提出了利用描述自然房间室内中性温度的线性回归关系式，作为确定热舒适区的依据。在实际测试问卷调查的基础上，首次建立了适合我国的中性温度和室外平均温度的关系式，并以此为依据给出了我国典型城市的建筑气候设计分析图。
利用建立的气候分析图，首次给出了以不舒适度指标综合评价室外气候，定量分析室外气候距离室内热舒适区的“偏离”程度。不舒适度指标共包括四个参数，它们是不舒适冷指数f_(uT)，不舒适热指数f_(oT)，不舒适湿指数f_(oH)和不舒适干燥指数f_(uH)。对四个不舒适度的阐述可以比较全面地分析地区气候的冷、热和干、湿状况，并以此作为分析室外气候和选择不同被动式设计方法的依据。
西安建筑科技大学博士学位论文
利用作者建立的气候分析图和气象数据统计结果，选择我国自然划明里区域内有人黄昏气候特
征和重要经济地理位置的城市（共18个），在分析各城市气候特点的基础上，提出了以创造室
内热舒适为目的建筑气候设计指导原则和适宜的被动式设计技术措施，主要包括太阳g里同援、
夏季自然通风和建筑蓄热降温、蒸发冷却和遮阳。在少D苗础上，得到了每列H成市的不同被动式
方式的有效时间利用率，使老办而可以该指标来选择合适的被动式设计方式。
从建筑设计过程中应考虑被动式设计的角度，本文利用分析得到的各城市不同被动式设计
方法的时间利用率数据，首次提出了被动式设计分区充法和依据，以及设计分区的区划指标。
依据建立的分区指标将我国初u分为9个设计区。并详细论述了各设计分区的气候设计原
则和每个原则指导下的具体措施。
本文着重从建筑群体关系、单体设计、局部构造三个层面上论述了各设计分区技术策略的
设计要点，包括布局、朝向、间距、防风、太阳g睬暖、建筑蓄热降温、自然通风等。最后本
文以西安为例，给出了建筑气候设计程序为气候分析—方案设计—方案评价三个主要过程，并对
一高层住宅建筑的气候适应性进行了分析和评价，提出了方案的修改建议。
本文系首次系统地研究我国建筑气候设计的分析方法，提出的适应我国气候特点的被动式
设计分区和相应的指导原则与设计策略，期望对我国建筑节能设计和生态建筑设计的理论和实
践研究的发明易区至懈极的作用。
Currently, to working with nature , creating friendly environment and healthy lifestyle have been paid attentions by human increasingly. Study on design method for responsive climate building has a meaningful inspiration and will be helpful for architectural sustainable development From thermal comfort point of view, exact analysis on how outdoor climate affects indoor thermal environment is a starting point of bio-climatic building design.
This dissertation studies systematically on the climatic analysis methods and architectural design strategies for bio-climatic building design.
According to the regulation of period time of average statistical climate by the World Meteorological Organization, and taking into account of our country's climate characteristics, statistically analyzes the basic weather data for 18 cities in China from 1970 to 2000. Weather data include maximum temperature and correspono, minimum relative humidity , minimum temperature and corresponding maximum relative humidity. This would be a preliminary database for responsive climate building design.
Using climatic building design principles, analyzes the relationship between outdoor climate and thermal comfort zone. Establishes the climate boundary condition of the different passive building design strategies. In view of our country's climate differences and research object is passive building, suggests that using the linear regression of neutral temperature to set up the bio-climatic building design chart (BBDC) for passive buildings. On the basis of field studies, puts forward the linear regression equation of neutral temperature that considers the climate adaptation. And then, brings forward BBDC firstly for every typical city.
Making use of BBDC set up by the dissertation puts forward integrated discomfort index (DCI) of outdoor climate. It could be used to evaluate the disparity between outdoor climate and indoor thermal comfort zone. The discomfort index include four parameters, they are discomfort cold index fuT discomfort hot indexf0T discomfort humid indexf0H and discomfort arid index. The integrated DCI could completely indicate the outdoor climate characteristics and can be used to choice the different passive design strategies.
Taking advantage of the author proposed BBDC and the updated weather data for 18 cities that have both typical climate characteristics and economic geography meanings, analyzes roundly each city's climate and proposes appropriate passive design strategies. Suggests rules of passive design guidelines, which include solar heating, natural ventilation, nocturnal ventilation and evaporative cooling system and shade. For the first time, this dissertation proposes the effective saving time of every passive design strategies and this would be helpful for architects to choice suitable design strategies during the conceptual phase.
Both of the passive design classification method as well as indexes of passive design classification have been suggested by author on the basis of above analyzed data of different strategies effective time saving of different cities. In accordance of the author proposed classification indexes classes our country climate into 9 passive design zones preliminarily. And circumstantiates the climate design guidelines and specific technology strategies for every passive design zone.
The main design points of passive design techniques have been dissertates by the numbers, from three aspects of building groups, single buildup and building parts, which include building group layout, orientation space between, wind protection solar heating, thermal mass and nocturnal cooling and natural ventilation etc. the dissertation also explains the whole climate design process is three stage of climate analysis, conceptual design stage and schematic design evaluation And at last, taking a high-rise residential building as an example case study, evaluates its climate adaptation strengths and limits, and then proposes the correctional advises for responsive to climate.
The integrated study on
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