降雨入渗对非饱和土边坡稳定性影响的研究
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摘要
降雨入渗是非饱和土边坡失稳的主要诱发因素,滑坡与降雨有着密切的关系。深入研究降雨条件下边坡失稳规律,并建立定量化的分析模型对于滑坡灾害的预防工作具有重要的意义。本论文研究降雨入渗条件下非饱和土边坡内水分分布规律以及由此而引起的边坡稳定性的变化。
     基于对非饱和土特性的认识,进行了基质吸力的试验研究,得到了基质吸力随含水量和密度的变化规律,试验揭示出:基质吸力随密度的变化是明显的,含水量越低,这一趋势越明显,在含水量相同的情况下,当砂土从疏松状态逐级变密时,吸力值经历变小、变大、又变小的过程,文中对造成这一现象的原因作了初步分析。
     基于非饱和土的土水势理论,本文推导了以体积含水率为因变量的二维非饱和土的水分运动方程,并给出了用有限差分法来求解此偏微分方程的方法,得到了考虑降雨入渗影响的土坡水分运动的计算程式。
     在有限差分法求得土坡水分分布的基础上,提出了用条分法计算土坡在降雨入渗各个时刻安全系数的思路:把水分分布场转化为边坡的基质吸力分布场(强度场)和重量场,用边坡的实际重量场和强度场来进行安全系数的计算。
     最后,本文对黄土地区的某一路堑开挖边坡进行了分析计算。
     1.编制了有限单元法程序,分析路堑边坡开挖后的稳定性,结果表明:开挖后坡脚处应力有明显的集中现象,但边坡中应力水平大于1.0的单元只有坡脚处很少的几个,此边坡在开挖后是稳定的。
     2.模拟一次降雨过程,通过确定初始条件和边界条件,用本文编制的有限差分法程序计算了降雨及雨后共128小时内不同时刻土坡的水分分布场,得到了坡体内水分分布随时间变化的规律。
     3.编制了条分法计算程序,根据不同时刻边坡内含水量的分布计算其安全系数,结果表明,土坡的安全系数在整个过程中的变化规律为:先减小,达到最小值后如果未破坏,则安全系数又会逐步增大。这是土坡中水分分布场变化的结果,文中对此作了分析说明。
Landslide is closely related to rainfall, and for unsaturated soil slope the rain infiltration is the most important one that results in landslide. It is of great significance for the precaution of landslide to make a deep study of the landslide law under rainfall and establish a quantitative model for analysis. The variation of water distribution in unsaturated slope and the slope stability due to rain infiltration is studied in this paper.
    Based on the knowledge of characteristic of unsaturated soils. The law of suction change with moisture content and density is got from suction experiment, which revealed that the matrix suction changes obviously with density especially in low moisture content, and with the same moisture content, if the density is gradually added, the value of matrix suction first is lowed, then added and finally lowed, this phenomenon is probed into in this paper.
    On the basis of the theory about water potential in soils, a partial differential equation of water movement in unsaturated soils is derived , which chose volumetric water content as the control variable. The numerical solution of the equation using finite difference method is discussed in this paper, and the modality to calculate water movement in slope considering rain infiltration.
    The field of water distribution is obtained by finite difference method, then it is transformed into weight field and strength field or the field of suction distribution. The safety factor of slope during the infiltration time is calculated by slice method according to the actual weigh field and strength field.
    Finally, an example is given and analyzed in detail.
    1. The program of finite element method is complied to analysis the safety of a slope after excavation, the result obtained from the program show that stress concentration occurred only at the spot near to slop foot, and there are only a few elements whose stress level has exceeded 1.0 in slop, that is to say the slope is safe after excavation.
    2. For a given rain, the initial condition and boundary condition is determined, then the distribution of water in the slope at difference moments is got from the result by the FDM program calculation, and variation law of water distribution during the whole course is also obtained.
    3. The slice method program is complied to calculate the safety factor of the slope at difference moments according to water distribution in the slope, and the change regularity of safety factors during the whole period is also obtained. The result revealed that the safety factor of the slope decreases during a long period, and reaches the lowest value at certain moment, then increases gradually. This phenomenon is due to the variation of water distribution in slope, and is given some explanation in this paper.
引文
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