摘要
作为幼儿教育机构,幼儿园在学前教育阶段发挥着重要的作用。幼儿园室外游戏场地是幼儿园的重要组成部分之一,如何营造一个符合幼儿身心发展,集教学互动、游戏体验和文化展示于一体的复合型室外游戏场地,是研究的目的所在。
论文借助幼儿教育学、环境心理学及行为学和人体工程学等相关理论,总结幼儿的基本特征,运用行为样本分析法、单因子心理实验法和访谈法等研究方法,分析长沙市幼儿园室外游戏场地建设现状和室外游戏活动情况,发现场地存在的问题并总结幼儿游戏行为特征,提出长沙市幼儿园室外游戏场地的设计理论。其研究结论如下：
(1)在重点观察长沙市5所幼儿园室外开展活动的基础上,总结幼儿室外游戏特征为季节性、主题性、教育性、秩序性和多样性,并提出适合幼儿活动的7种空间类型,即开敞活动空间、科普教育空间、主题文化空间、自然趣味空间、挑战冒险空间、社会性空间和探索性空间。
(2)在总结相关学科知识和调查研究结果的基础上,提出长沙市幼儿园室外游戏场地设计原则：①安全性和适应性相结合；②活动空间丰富多样,实现场地的复合功能；③认知教育和体验教育相结合,满足场地教育功能；④主动性和被动性游戏设施相结合；⑤自然化和人工化相结合,营造自然趣味化的场地；⑥地域特色与文化展示相结合,突出场所感。
最后以湖南农业大学幼儿园为例,将论文的研究理论运用到实际的案例设计中。笔者希望本文的研究能对长沙市幼儿园室外游戏场地的建设有现实的指导意义,为今后幼儿园室外游戏场地设计提供可参考的理论基础。
As a early childhood education institution, Kindergarten plays an important role in pre-school education stage.Its Outdoor playground is one of the important component of the kindergarten. This paper is aimed to study how to build a mixed mode outdoor playground,which is appropriate to physical and mental development for young children, and to integrate teaching interaction, the gaming experience and cultural display
With early childhood education, environmental psychology, environmental behaviorist,body engineering and other related theories, the paper summarizes the basic characteristics of children. Using behavior sample analysis, single factor psychological experiment and the interview of research methods in changsha kindergarten, the author analyzes the construction situation and outdoot game features, and summarizes the problems of preschool game behavioral characteristic. On these basis of research and investigation, the theory on design of Changsha kindergarten outdoor playground is proposed.Its results are as follows:
(1)By observating outdoor activities in five kindergartens of Changsha, the author summarizes the characteristics of preschool outdoor games for seasonal, subjectivity, educational, exhibition, nurturance, order, and diversity,and puts forward seven activity space for infants, which is named open space types of activity space, popular science education space, theme culture space, natural gout space, challenge adventure space, social space and exploratory space;
(2) Based on summarizing the relevant knowledge and research results, this paper puts forward design principles on nursery outdoor playground in Changsha City:①The combination of security and adaptability;②To achieve mixed mode space by creating diverse activity space;③The combination of recognitional and experiential education is to meet the educational function space;④Combining initiative with passive game appliances;⑤Combining naturalization with artificialization creates a natural venue for entertaining;⑥To highlight the sense of place by combination of geographical features and culture display.
Finally, the research theory is applied to real case design,with an example of Hunan Agricultural University kindergarten outdoor playground.Based on this study,the author hopes the theories in this paper have practical guidance for construction of kindergarten outdoor playground in future, and provide the reference theoretical basis.
引文
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