摘要
论文研究区域南以拉萨地体北部的措勤盆地为界，北以昆仑山为界的广大地区，地理分布范围为N30-36°，E80-95°，整个研究区的面积为3.0×10~5km~2。其中论文的重点研究部分为可可西里盐地的五道梁群，同时对羌北盆地和措勤盆地的唢呐湖组进行了对比研究。
论文选择青藏高原腹地研究程度最低的可可西里盆地、羌北盆地和措勤盆地的中新世陆相地层为研究对象，野外实测资料结合区域地质资料的收集，对青藏高原腹地中新世五道梁群和唢呐湖组的岩石学、岩石地层学、沉积相、沉积时代等方面作了比较深入的研究，旨在对青藏高原腹地中新世的沉积环境和气候特征及高原的隆升历史做尝试性探讨。
论文对可可西里盆地中新世五道梁群的典型剖面和特殊岩性剖面进行了分析，并以泥灰岩和生物碎屑灰岩作为五道梁群的标志层。对羌北盆地和措勤盆地中新世的唢呐湖组剖面作了综合对比，将内碎屑灰岩作为唢呐湖组的标志层。
根据火山岩年龄、化石年龄、ESR测年数据详细研究了青藏高原腹地中新世陆相地层沉积的时间序列。由火山岩和覆于其上的羌塘组的年龄限定五道梁群的沉积时间为20-5Ma，五道梁群中发现大量的孢粉和介形虫化石(以Eucypris为主)，分析认为它们都是中新世时期的典型分子，因此五道梁群的沉积时间为中新世是无疑的；唢呐湖组的ESR测年数据范围为9-2Ma，代表中新世晚期—上新世时期，孢粉和化石都具有中新世时期的特征。因此，论文认为五道梁群和唢呐湖组都是中新世时期的产物。
五道梁群以灰白色、灰黄色灰岩为主，含有砾岩、砂岩，夹有少量泥岩、油页岩和未固结砂泥沉积。唢呐湖组主要发育浅灰色、浅黄灰色碳酸盐岩、碎屑岩，少量泥岩和石膏岩沉积，以碳酸盐岩为主。
可可西里盆地五道梁群碳酸盐岩微相类型主要为泥灰岩相、泥晶灰岩相、泥(亮)晶粒屑灰岩相、粒屑泥晶灰岩相、白云岩相、叠层石灰岩相、核形石灰岩相等7种微相。羌北盆地唢呐湖组碳酸盐岩微相为内碎屑灰岩相、生物碎屑灰岩相、核形石灰岩相、含膏藻灰岩相、泥灰岩相和纯微晶灰岩相等6种微相。措勤盆地唢呐湖组碳酸盐岩微相由内碎屑灰岩相、生物碎屑灰岩相和泥灰岩相组成。
论文重点对青藏高原腹地中新世五道梁群和唢呐湖组的岩相和沉积环境进行了系统分析和研究。根据五道梁群沉积岩相特征及其组合，将五道梁沉积相划分为扇三角洲--湖泊相，以湖泊相为主。羌北盆地唢呐湖组沉积相划分为河流相和湖泊相，以湖泊相为主。措勤盆地唢呐湖组以陆湖泊相为主，划分为扇三角洲、
滨湖相和浅湖相。
由于五道梁群和琐呐湖组主要是一套内陆湖泊相生物碎屑灰岩沉积，因此论
文提出中新世青藏高原腹地为一个大湖泊，形成分布广泛的五道梁群和琐呐湖组
湖相沉积。
Research region of the thesis south to the Cuoqin basin, north to the Kunlun mountain, the geographical distribution scope is N30-36 , E80-95 and the studying area is 3.0 X 105 km2. The point part of thesis is Wudaoliang Group in the Hoh Xil basin, at the same time , the thesis studied Suonahu formation in the Northern Qiangtang basin and Cuoqin basin.
The Hoh Xil basin and the Northern Qiangtang basin and Cuoqin basin ,which lying in the hiterland of the Tibet Plateau, are the main subject of the research reported here. The Miocene Epoch continental facies stratum including Wudaoliang Group and Suonahu Formation, which are the research object. The lithostratigraphy, petrology, sedimentary facies, Epoch of sedimentary have been studied. The information aim at studying tentativly the sedimentary environment and climate characteristic of the Miocene Epoch in the hinterland and the uplift history of the Tibet Plateau.
The thesis analysises the typical model profile and the special rock profile of Wudaoliang Group of Miocene Epoch in Hoh Xil basin. And be used the biocalcarenite with the marl rock take the marker bed of Wudaoliang Group. Synthesizely contrasted the Suonahu Formation profile of the Northern Qiangtang basin and Cuoqin basin of Miocene Epoch, used the intraclast ash rock as the marker bed of the Suonahu Formation.
Based on the data of the volcanic rock age, fossil age and ESR age detailedly studies the time series of the accumulates of the Wudaoliang Group of the Miocene Epoch continental facies stratum in hinterland of the Tibet Plateau. The volcanic rock age and the age of the Qiangtang Formation determined the Wudaoliang group between 20-5Ma, discovering a flood of spore and pollen with ostracods fossils( regard Eucypris as principle), which are Miocene Epoches typical numerator, therefore Wudaoliang Group accumulate in Miocene Epoch is doubtless;9-2Ma are the age of the Suonahu Formation based on the data of the ESR, which were characteristic of later period in Miocene Epoch - Pliocene Epoch, spore and pollen with fossil all were Miocene Epoch period. Therefore, the thesis thinks Wudaoliang Group and Suonahu Formation are the outcome of the Miocene Epoch.
Wudaoliang Group is grayish-white, yellow- grey, dark-grey ash rock, which interbeded with the conglomerate, sandstone, a little amount mudstone, oil shale with unconsolidated sand mud rock. Light gray, light yellow gray carbonate rock, clastic rock, a little amount mudstone with the gypsum rock in Suonahu Formation, regarding carbonate rock as principle.
The microfacies of carbonate rock of the Wudaoliang Group in Hoh Xil basin is divided for marl lithofacies, micrite facies, micrite (spar) scraps ash lithofacies, grain scraps micrite facies, dolimite rock lithofacies, and the stromatolite ash lithofacies. The Northern Qiangtang basin Suonahu Formation microfacies of carbonate rock is divided for the intraclast ash lithofacies, biological detritus ash lithofacies, oncolite limestone lithofacies, contain the calcium and alga ash lithofacies, marl lithofacies and pure microlite limestone lithofacies. The microfacies characteristic of carbonate rock of Suonahu Formation in Cuoqinin basin constitutes with the marl lithofacies , the intraclast ash lithofacies, biological detritus ash lithofacies.
Analyses and researches systematically the facies and depositional environment of Miocene Epoch Wudaoliang Group in Hoh Xil basin in hinterland of the Tibet Plateau . Dividing the sedimentary facies as a delta- lacustrine facies according to Wudaoliang Group sedimentary rock facies and its combination, regarding lacustrine facies as principle; The Northern Qiangtang Suonahu Formation sedimentary facies was divided for fluvial facies and the lacustrine facies, regarding lacustrine facies as principle. The Cuoqin basin Suonahu Formation is lacustrine facies and been divided into fan-delta and shallow lagoon facies.
The thesis puts forward the Miocene Epoch of hinterland of Tibet plateau being a big lake, forming lacustrine facies of the Wudaolia
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