摘要
智能服装系统的信息感知功能离不开柔性传感器。本研究通过探讨基于信息纤维的柔性传感器的感知机理、输入输出关系和传感器参数取值范围,为面向智能服装的心电、呼吸、体温和压力等个人生理信息与状态的检测提供理论与物质基础。
首先,汇总了纤维形成模型、信息纤维和柔性传感器设计等相关领域的理论、技术和应用现状。
根据物理学定律,建立了时域纤维形成模型,分析了时域纤维形成模型与空间域纤维形成模型的关系。
设计了由导电弹性纤维组成的柔性机织电阻式应变传感器。建立了并联式应变传感器(PSS)和串联式应变传感器(SSS)的等效电路模型。在等效电路模型和物理学定律基础上推导了PSS和SSS的应变电阻关系和输入输出特性。分析了PSS和SSS的尺寸、纤维半径和电阻率等的参数域(有效取值范围)。结果表明,PSS和SSS的参数域为由一个曲面和五个平面所包围的三维空间；PSS可选用电阻率适中或较低的导电弹性纤维,理论上可适用于任意尺寸的应变检测;SSS只能选用电阻率较低的导电弹性纤维,仅适用于较小尺寸的应变检测。
设计了由导电纤维组成的柔性机织电阻式温度传感器。建立了并联式温度传感器(PTS)和串联式温度传感器(STS)的等效电路模型。在等效电路模型和物理学定律基础上推导了PTS和STS的温度电阻关系和输入输出特性。分析了PTS和STS的尺寸、纤维半径和电阻率等的参数域(有效取值范围)。结果表明,PTS和STS的参数域为由一个曲面和五个平面所包围的三维空间；PTS可选用电阻率适中或较低的导电纤维,理论上可适用于任意尺寸的温度检测；STS只能选用电阻率较低的导电纤维,仅适用于较小尺寸的温度检测。
设计了由导电纤维组成的柔性机织电阻式压力传感器。建立了并联式压力传感器(PPS)和串联式压力传感器(SPS)的等效电路模型。在等效电路模型和物理学定律基础上推导了PPS和SPS的压力电阻关系和输入输出特性。对压力随机分布条件下PPS和SPS的输出特性进行仿真；分析了压力检测范围；分析了PPS和SPS的尺寸、纤维半径和纤维电阻率等的参数域(有效取值范围)。仿真结果表明,可以忽略压力随机分布的影响作用；PPS比SPS具有更高的精确度。分析结果表明,PPS和SPS都适合工作于一个较小“压力范围”内,以及一个“较小压力”范围内；PPS和SPS的参数域为由一个曲线和三个直线所包围的二维区域;PPS的纬线可选用电阻率适中的导电纤维；SPS的纬线只能选用电阻率较低的导电纤维。
设计了由导电纤维组成的柔性机织电阻式穿透传感器及其信号转换电路。建立了穿透传感器的输入输出模型。分析了穿透传感器输入输出特性讨论了典型应用下由穿透传感器的输出状态来判断可能的输入状态的准则。
设计了由导电纤维组成的柔性机织电极。分别建立了机织电极的分布式等效电路模型和基于机织电极的心电信号检测模型。对心电信号检测模型的影响因素进行仿真；分析了机织电极的尺寸、纤维半径和电阻率等的参数域(有效取值范围)。仿真结果表明,机织电极电阻适中且接触电阻较小,或机织电极电阻和接触电阻都较小时,最有利于心电信号检测；存在
一个最佳位置使得心电信号最强,且该最佳位置和心电信号最大值都随着机织电极尺寸增大而变化。分析结果表明,机织电极的参数域为由一个曲面和五个平面所包围的三维空间；机织电极可选用电阻率适中或较低的导电纤维。
探讨了智能服装系统的组成,提出了柔性传感器在智能服装系统中应用的总体框架。从应用角度探讨了柔性机织电极、柔性电阻式应变传感器、柔性电阻式压力传感器、柔性电阻式温度传感器和柔性穿透传感器的技术方案。分别探讨了应用柔性机织电极、柔性电阻式应变传感器和柔性电阻式温度传感器的健康监护服装的技术方案；应用柔性电阻式温度传感器的电热服装的技术方案；应用柔性电阻式压力传感器的睡姿监护服装的技术方案；应用柔性穿透传感器的监护军服的技术方案。
最后,总结全文,从深度和广度两个方面展望下一步的研究工作
Flexible sensors are necessary to information sensing of intelligent clothes system. This research will investigate sensing mechanism, input-output relationship and parameters ranges of information fiber-based flexible sensors, which is benefit to ECG, respiration, temperature and pressure measurements for the intelligent clothes system.
Theory and technology of mathematical model of fiber formation, information fiber and flexible sensor design have been summarized.
Time-domain mathematical model of fiber formation has been fabricated based on physical laws. The relationship of time-domain mathematical model and frequency-domain mathematical model has been induced.
Flexible woven resistive strain sensors made of electrical conductive elastic fibers have been designed. The electrical equivalent circuit model of both parallel strain sensor (PSS) and series strain sensor (SSS) have been fabricated, where the weft of PSS are in parallel connection and that of SSS are in series connection. The strain-resistance relation and input-output properties of both PSS and SSS are deduced based on the electrical equivalent circuit model and physical laws. Parameters domains (sets of effective value) of size, fiber radius and resistivity have been investigated. Results indicate that the parameters domains of both PSS and SSS are of three-dimensional space limited by one surface and five planes. PSS is desired to be made of electrical conductive elastic fibers with a moderate or low resistivity and be applied to strain measurement for any scale objects theoretically, while SSS is desired to be made of electrical conductive elastic fibers with a low resistivity and be applied to strain measurement for small-scale objects only.
Flexible woven resistive temperature sensors made of electrical conductive fibers have been designed. The electrical equivalent circuit model of both parallel temperature sensor (PTS) and series temperature sensor (STS) have been fabricated, where the weft of PTS are in parallel connection and that of STS are in series connection. The temperature -resistance relation and input-output properties of both PTS and STS are deduced based on the electrical equivalent circuit model and physical laws. Parameters domains (sets of effective value) of size, fiber radius and resistivity have been investigated. Results indicate that the parameters domains of both PTS and STS are of three-dimensional space limited by one surface and five planes. PTS is desired to be made of electrical conductive fibers with a moderate or low resistivity and be applied to temperature measurement for any scale objects theoretically, while STS is desired to be made of electrical conductive fibers with a low resistivity and be applied to temperature measurement for small-scale objects only.
Flexible woven resistive pressure sensors made of electrical conductive fibers have been designed. The electrical equivalent circuit model of both parallel pressure sensor (PPS) and series pressure sensor (SPS) have been fabricated, where the weft of PPS are in parallel connection and that of SPS are in series connection. The pressure-resistance relation and input-output properties of both PPS and SPS are deduced based on the electrical equivalent circuit model and physical laws. The outputs of both PPS and SPS with random pressure distribution have been simulated. The range of pressure has been investigated; and parameters domains (sets of effective value) of size, fiber radius and resistivity have also been investigated. Results indicate that the effects of random pressure distribution can be neglected, and PPS has a better accuracy than SPS. Both PPS and SPS are desired to work in a relative 'small range'of pressure, and a range of relative'small pressure'. The parameters domains of both PPS and SPS are of two-dimensional plane limited by one curve and three lines. The weft of PPS is desired to be made of electrical conductive fibers with a moderate resistivity, while that of SPS is desired to be made of electrical conductive fibers with a low resistivity only.
Flexible woven resistive penetration sensor made of electrical conductive fibers and its signal conversion circuit has been designed. The input-output model of the penetration sensor has been fabricated. The input-output properties of the penetration sensor have been investigated. The general rules of input status determination based on output status in typical applications have also been investigated.
Flexible woven electrodes made of electrical conductive fibers have been designed. The distributive electrical equivalent circuit model of the woven electrodes and theirs mathematical model of ECG measurement have been fabricated, respectively. Effects of factors on ECG intensity have been simulated, and the parameters domains (sets of effective value) of size, fiber radius and resistivity have been investigated. Results indicate that it is more help to ECG measurement that the resistance of the woven electrodes is of moderate and that the contact resistance is of low, or both the resistance of the woven electrodes and the contact resistance are of low. There exists a best position where ECG intensity gets its maximum, while both the position and the maximum vary with the size of the woven electrodes. The design domain of the woven electrodes is of three-dimensional space limited by one surface and five planes. The woven electrodes are desired to be made of electrical conductive fibers with a moderate or low resistivity.
Configuration of intelligent clothes system has been discussed. The model of intelligent clothes system incorporated in flexible sensors has been fabricated. Technical solutions of flexible woven electrode, flexible resistive strain sensor, flexible resistive pressure sensor, flexible resistive temperature sensor and flexible resistive penetration sensor have been designed from application point of view. Furthermore, technical solution of health monitoring clothes with flexible woven electrode, flexible resistive strain sensor and flexible resistive temperature sensor, and technical solution of electric heating clothes with flexible resistive temperature sensor, and technical solution of sleep positions monitoring clothes with flexible resistive pressure sensor, and technical solution of health monitoring military uniform with flexible resistive penetration sensor have also been designed, respectively.
Finally, the conclusions are summarized and the next work of the research is prospected from great scope and depth point of view.
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