摘要
超空泡减阻技术能够使水下航行体的摩擦阻力减小90%,从而实现较高的航行速度,是未来水下航行体减阻技术发展的必然趋势。自然超空泡射弹是利用超空泡减阻技术研制的新一代水下兵器,对于未来海战中的近距离防御具有重要意义。自然超空泡射弹在水下航行过程中,周围流场环境对空泡形态和流体动力具有重要的影响,本文采用商业流体软件Fluent对自然超空泡射弹的流体动力特性进行了三维数值模拟,分析了流场参数对空泡形态和射弹流体动力系数的影响,具体内容如下:
阐述分析超空泡流动的控制方程组,对不同的湍流模型和空化模型的特点及适用范围进行了对比分析,经比较选择k-ε湍流模型和全空泡模型,之后分析控制方程组的离散求解方法及计算边界条件选择方法。
选取文献中已知模型为研究对象,分别采用二维轴对称和三维方法建模,并相应地采用二维求解器和三维求解器对自然超空泡射弹在不同空泡数、零攻角条件下的空泡形态和射弹流体动力特性进行模拟,并与经验公式进行对比,分析了不同求解器对数值模拟结果的影响,结果表明三维数值模拟精度较高。
对不同流场参数条件下的自然超空泡射弹流体动力特性进行了三维数值模拟,分析了空化数、弗劳德数、雷诺数等流场参数以及攻角对空泡形态和射弹流体动力系数的影响。结果表明弗劳德数对空泡形态和射弹流体动力系数均无明显影响,雷诺数对射弹流体动力系数有一定影响,空化数和攻角对空泡形态和射弹流体动力系数均有明显影响。
Supercavitation technology can reduce 90% the frictional resistance for underwater vehicles to achieve high speed, which is the inevitable trend of technological development for underwater vehicles in the future.
Natural supercavitating projectile is a new generation of underwater weapons which is developed in using supercavitation technology. For the naval warfare in the future ,it is great sence of close defense.
For natural Supercavitating projectile underwater navigation, the flow field around the environment has great impact on the shape and the fluid dynamic characteristics of the projectile. In this paper, the three- dimensional numerical simulations are carried out to hydrodynamic of the natural supercavitating projectile by mainly commercial software Fluent. The impact of cavitating flow field parameters on the projectile shape and hydrodynamic coefficients is analyzed, as follows:
The control equations of supercavitation flow are described. For the different turbulence model and the characteristics of cavitation, there is comparative analysis. After the k ?εturbulence model and the entire cavitation mode are chosen in this paper, the discrete of the control equations and the choose methods of the boundary conditions are described.
The known model in literature is selected for the study .the models are built by two-dimensional axisymmetric modeling methods and three-dimensional modeling methods and solved by the corresponding two-dimensional and three-dimensional solver to simulate the cavitation shape and characteristics of fluid dynamics about the natural supercavitating projectile in different cavitation number and zero angle of attack , and compared with the empirical formula, an analysis on the impact in different numerical simulation solver for the results .the numerical simulation results show that three-dimensional result has higher accuracy.
The three-dimensional numerical simulation of hydrodynamic characteristics on the natural supercavitating projectile are carried out .and analysis the impact of cavitation number, Froude number, Reynolds number, angle of attack, flow field parameters for the cavitation shape and hydrodynamic coefficient. The results show that the Froude number has no significant effecttion on cavitation shape and hydrodynamic coefficient of the supercavitating projectile. The Reynolds number has a certain influence on the hydrodynamic of supercavitating projectile.
Cavitation number and angle of attack have a significant effect on cavitation shape and hydrodynamic coefficients of the projectile.
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