摘要
随着世界能源与污染问题日益严重,风能作为绿色能源之一受到了空前的关注。由于风能具有随机性和不确定性,导致风能的利用率不是很理想。与水平轴风力机相比,垂直轴风力机调试方便,机构简单,而且不需要偏航系统。因此,垂直轴风力机逐渐成为小型风力发电机的首选,研究垂直轴风力机具有广泛的实际意义和良好的应用前景。
首先,本文介绍了风力机的种类以及国内外的发展状况,然后介绍了垂直轴风力发电系统的组成,以及风力机捕捉风能的过程。为了以最大能力捕捉风能,本文对最大功率跟踪( MPPT )方法进行了阐述,应用Matlab/Simulink仿真软件,对风力机、永磁同步电机及电池分别建模,编写S-函数作为MPPT控制器,对整个系统进行了仿真实验,仿真结果验证了该方法的可行性。在硬件设计中,为减小电压电流采样的干扰,对采样进行滤波,为防止MOSFET发热损毁的情况,使用了MOSFET并联的方式。在软件中,编写了过转速保护与过功率保护程序,防止输出异常,通过PI调节输出电流,以保证输出电流稳定,减少了硬件损坏的可能性。
最后,论文应用了功率因数校正技术。发电机输出三相电压经整流后对负载供电,导致功率因数较差,同样的功率导致发电机的容量比较大并且利用率低。因此,有必要对发电机输出三相电压进行功率因数校正,校正后的输出三相功率因数有较大改善,对减小电机容量,降低系统成本有着显著的效果。
As the problems of the world energy and pollution become more and more serious, it is unprecedented concerned for wind energy which is one of the green energy. Because the characteristic of wind is random and uncertainty, the utilization of wind energy is not ideal. Compared the Horizontal axis wind turbine and Vertical axis wind turbine(VAWT) , VAWT has its superiority. It is convenient and simple to debug and assemble. It does not need yaw mechanism. Therefore, VAWT gradually becomes the first choice of small-scale wind turbines. VAWT has wide applications and prospects.
At first, the article presents a view on the development of wind turbine at home and abroad. It describes the VAWT’s components and the tracking of the wind. In order to get the maximum power from wind, the theory of maximum power point tracking(MPPT) is introduced. The models of Wind turbine, permanent magnet synchronous generator and battery are built on Matlab/Simulink. Compile the S-function as system’s controller which realizes the function of MPPT. The results of simulation confirm the feasibility of MPPT. In the hardware, filter circuit is designed in order to avoid the interference on sampling signal of voltage and current. To prevent the MOSFET damaged by the heating, MOSFETs in parallel is used. To reduce the possibility of hardware damage, the software protections are designed. It includes the over rotate speed protection and over power protection. In order to prevent the output current abnormal, PI controller is used for the stability of output current.
Finally, this article uses the theory of power factor correction. The power factor after rectifier is low. The same power of generator results in large capacity and the poor operating ratio. Then it is necessary to use the power factor correction in three-phase generator output voltage. Corrected output of three-phase power factor is greatly improved, which reduces motor capacity and lowers the cost of the system.
引文
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