摘要
组态软件是一种面向自动化现场工程师的工业控制软件。组态软件的目的是让用户在生成自己的应用系统时，不需要进行编程，只要用它提供的功能模块进行配置就能够满足要求。基于当前应用的现状和需求，本文提出了适用于电力系统的小型监控组态软件的解决方案。
本论文研究和分析了当前一些流行的组态软件所采用的先进技术，并且根据组态软件应用的特点，提出了基于组件技术来实现组态软件的思想。对组态软件的数据流进行分析，从逻辑结构上划分出了组态软件的基本子系统，并实现了基本功能。对图形子系统的软件结构、图形组件的设计、图形对象的管理、图形对象的动画连接等问题进行了深入的分析和实现，同时采用双缓冲和多线程技术，使绘图的稳定性和效率有了很大的提高；设计了一种实时数据库并给出了实现方法；提出了一种新的存储策略来解决具有不同存储周期的实时数据的存储问题；提出了一种利用图形组件实现报表组态的方法；设计了一种通讯组态存储结构，使通讯参数设置和数据报文的解析具有较强的灵活性；在串行通讯过程中采用了异步通讯机制，使通讯效率和可靠性有了很大的提高。
论文最后对组态软件的研究和开发工作进行了总结，并对进一步的工作提出了几个需要重点研究的问题。
Configurable software is an industry control software that is designed for automation engineers. It makes the users build their applications without programming. It can meet the requirements by configuring some functional modules provided by configurable software. Based on the current status and requirements of application, this dissertation puts forward a solution for small-scale supervision configurable software that is suitable for electric power system.
This dissertation investigates and analyzes some advanced technologies adopted by some popular products of configurable software. According to the characters of application, it also brings forward an idea that implementing configurable software based on component technology. The subsystems of configurable software are built through the analysis of data flow, and their basic functions have been realized. Some problems in graphic subsystem have been deeply analyzed and realized, include software framework, graphic component design, graphic object management and animation show. Double buffer mechanism and multi-thread technology are used to enhance the drawing stability and efficiency. A method to build and implement a real-time database is presented in this dissertation. We put forward a storage method to solve the problem that stores the real-time data in different storage cycle. A method that implementing report forms configuration by using graphic components is put forward. A storage structure is designed f
or communication configuration. It is propitious to enhance the flexibility in configuration of communication parameter and extracting data contained in the datagram. Asynchronous communication mechanism is adopted to improve the efficiency and reliability in serial communication.
In the end, the research and development of configurable software has been summarized. Several important issues need to be researched at next stage have been put forward in this dissertation.
引文
[1] 易异勋．工控系统组态软件的研究和设计．仪表技术与传感器，1998，(12)：23～27
[2] 张秋余，杨智．DCS监控级组态软件的开发．计算机工程与应用，1997，33(11)：55～58
[3] 潘琰，朱善安．小型集散控制系统组态监控软件及实现．机电工程，2002，19(4)：40～42
[4] 马国华．监控组态软件及其应用．北京：清华大学出版社，2001．1～12
[5] 冯永红，吉吟东，朱善君．电力调度系统组态软件的设计与实现．计算机工程与应用，2002，38(7)：226～228
[6] 鹿玲杰，解兴祥，韩建民，等．基于有向图遍历技术的组态软件的设计．大庆石油学院学报，2000，24(3)：57～59
[7] 张石，高麟．控制系统组态软件的现状与发展．工业控制计算机，1997，(5)：1～3，7
[8] 宋荣．组态软件之窗．http://www.teachersong.com/kingview/shouye.htm
[9] 欧金成，欧世乐，林德杰，等．组态软件的现状与发展．工业控制计算机，2002，15(4)：1～5
[10] Guy Eddon，Herry Eddon．COM+组件编程技术内幕(希望图书创作室)．北京：希望电子出版社，2000．5～20
[11] Jun Wang, Jianbo Su, Yugeng Xi. COM-based software architecture for multisensor fusion system. Information Fusion, 2001, 2 (4): 261～270
[12] Arturo I. Concepcion, Nathan Leach, Allan Knight. Algorithm 99: An experiment in reusability & component based software engineering. In: Boots Cassel, Association for Computing Machinery, Nell Dale, et al eds. Proceedings of the thirty-first SIGCSE technical symposium on Computer science education. New York: ACM Press,2000. 162～166
[13] Stuart M. Wheater, Mark C. Little. The design and implementation of a framework for configurable software. In: IEEE Computer Society, University of Maryland at College Park, eds. Proceedings of the IEEE Third International Conference on Configurable Distributed Systems. Washington: IEEE
Computer Society Press, 1996. 136～150
[14] 潘爱民．COM原理与应用．北京：清华大学出版社，1999．415～420
[15] J. Bosch. Superimposition: a component adaptation technique. Information and Software Technology, 41 (5): 257～273
[16] 何江，吴杏平，李立新，等．基于组件技术的电力系统实时数据库平台．电网技术，2002，26(3)：64～67
[17] Nigamanth Sridhar, Jason O. Hallstrom. Generating configurable containers for component-based software. In: Ivica Crnkovic, Heinz Schmidt, Judith Stafford, et al eds. Proceedings of the sixth ICSE Workshop on Component-Based Software Engineering: Automated Reasoning and Prediction. Washington: IEEE Computer Society Press, 2003.61～66
[18] Mark Michaelis．COM+编程指南(宋丽红，李二勇，杨超峰，等)．北京：机械工业出版社，2002．2～14
[19] Nasib S. Gill. Reusability issues in component-based Development. ACM SIGSOFT Software Engineering Notes,2003,28 (4): 1～5
[20] Jason Pritchard．COM与CORBA本质与互用(徐金梧，张晓彤，屈蓉，等)．北京：清华大学出版社，2002．13～18
[21] David Iseminger．COM+开发人员参考库，第3卷：COM技术(宋丽红，叶小松，钟大军，等)．北京：机械工业出版社，2002．45～48
[22] Eric Tall，Mark Ginsburg．ActiveX开发人员指南(章巍)．北京：机械工业出版社，1997．1～4
[23] 单广军，魏蛟龙．CORBA技术综述．计算机与数字工程，2002，30(5)：56～60
[24] 王义，周书峰．可复用的组件模型研究．淄博学院学报(自然科学与工程版)，2002，4(4)：84～89
[25] Viveca Asproth, Anita Hkansson, Peter R(?)vay. Dynamic information in GIS systems. Computers Environment and Urban Systems, 1995, 19 (2): 107～115
[26] 谢军．工控组态软件的功能分析和应用．交通与计算机，2000，18(3)：46～48
[27] 吴修国，贾智平．工控组态软件中图形组态子系统的设计与实现．工业控制计算机，2001，14(7)：31～33
[28] Jiannong Cao, Alvin Chan, Yudong Sun, et al. Dynamic configuration management in a graph-oriented distributed programming environment.
Science of Computer Programming, 2003, 48(1): 43～65
[29] 王荃，金海东，李福中．工控组态软件实时数据库系统的设计与实现．计算机应用，2000，27(3)：40～43
[30] W. Langley, M. B. Zaremba, I. Popescu. Graphics-oriented expert shell for the design and configuration of distributed control systems. Control Engineering Practice, 1995, 3(4): 555～559
[31] 周振红，周洞汝，杨国录．基于COM的软件组件．计算机应用，2001，21(3)：6～8
[32] F. Bellotti, A. De Gloria, M. Risso, et al. AutoGral: a Java 2D graphics libray for configurable automotive dashboards. Computers and Graphics, 2001, 25 (2): 259～268
[33] Corry，Mayfield，Cadman．COM／DCOM编程指南(刘云，孔雷)．北京：清华大学出版社，2000．45～51
[34] 刘耀，刘连浩．组态软件图形系统的设计与实现．企业技术开发，2004，23(1)：7～9
[35] H. Rebecca Callison. A time-sensitive object model for real-time systems. ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology, 1995,4(3): 287～317
[36] Richard J. Beach, John C. Beatty, Kellogg S. Booth, et al. The message is the medium: Multiprocess structuring of an interactive paint program. ACM SIGGRAPH Computer Graphics, 1982, 16 (3): 277～287
[37] 陈建春．Visual C++高级编程技术—开发实例剖析．北京：电子工业出版社，1999．344～355
[38] David J．Kruglinski．Visual C++技术内幕(第四版)(潘爱民，王国印)．北京：清华大学出版社，1998．215～224
[39] Ricardo Sanz, Mariano Alonso. Corba for control systems. Annual Reviews in Control, 2001,25:169～181
[40] Ben Kao, K.Y. Lain, Brad Adelberg, et al. Updates and view maintenance in soft real-time database systems. In: Gauch, Susan, Soong, et al eds. Proceedings of the eighth international conference on Information and knowledge management. New York: ACM Press, 1999. 300～307
[41] 白树忠，南新志．变电站综合自动化实时数据库管理系统的研究与开发．电力系统及其自动化学报，2002，14(3)：43～46
[42] 刘云生，吴绍春，李国徽，等．一种实时内存数据库组织与管理方法．计算机研究与发展，1998，35(5)：469～473
[43] 刘云生，许贵平．内存数据库的图论存取方法．计算机学报，2001，24(10)：1095～1101
[44] 阚宏进，刘希远，李翠玲．基于VC++工控组态软件实时数据库系统的设计．甘肃工业大学学报，2001，27(4)：73～76
[45] 柏洁，薛福珍，罗超．基于组件的报表组态软件的设计与实现．计算机工程，2002，28(5)：103～105