摘要
赤潮灾害是我国主要海洋灾害之一,而浙江沿海是我国赤潮灾害最严重的海域。赤潮发生不仅与海域内水体理化环境和气象条件有关,还与沿岸上升流等物理海洋过程密切相关。本论文针对浙江沿岸上升流及海域内发生的赤潮灾害,研究浙江沿岸上升流遥感信息提取技术,提取了浙江沿岸上升流时空分布特征和变化规律;在收集多年赤潮记录资料基础上,统计分析了浙江沿海赤潮的时空分布特征;最后从遥感角度研究了浙江沿岸上升流与赤潮灾害间的时空关系,探讨了浙江沿岸上升流对赤潮灾害的影响与作用。
在上升流遥感信息提取技术研究方面,提取了上升流卫星遥感数据的可见光和热红外图像特征。基于上升流在卫星热红外遥感数据中的图像特征,建立了基于动态温度阈值的浙江沿岸上升流遥感信息提取模型。针对业务化运行的EOS MODIS卫星遥感数据,实现了浙江沿岸上升流遥感信息提取方法。
利用所建立的浙江沿岸上升流遥感信息提取方法,提取了2007~2009年浙江沿岸上升流的遥感信息。统计分析了浙江沿岸上升流的物理特征和时时空分布,得到了浙江沿岸上升流的短期和季节变化规律。明确了浙江沿岸上升流核心区与海底斜坡间的空间关系,揭示了浙江沿岸上升流时空分布的年度差异,探讨了浙江沿岸上升流的形成过程和影响因素。
在浙江沿海赤潮灾害统计分析方面,通过收集2000~2009年间的赤潮事件数据与资料,开展了浙江沿海赤潮的统计分析,获取了浙江沿海赤潮的时间分布特征,进行了浙江沿海赤潮类型的时间划分。明确了浙江沿海赤潮多发区的空间位置及其与海底斜坡间的空间关系,发现了赤潮多发区赤潮空间分布的年际波动特征。
在浙江沿岸上升流与赤潮灾害间关系研究方面,利用所获取的浙江沿岸上升流遥感信息,结合浙江沿海赤潮灾害统计结果,采用多尺度时空分析方法,建立了浙江沿岸上升流核心区与赤潮多发区间的空间关系,赤潮多发区赤潮空间分布年度变化与浙江沿岸上升流强度年度差异间的关系。分析了浙江沿岸上升流对赤潮灾害的影响,探讨了上升流等物理海洋过程在浙江沿海赤潮形成过程中的作用。
Red tide is one of the several marine disaters, and the Zhejiang Coastal Waters (ZCW) is the worst and major area of red tide disaster in China. There exist significant upwelling phenomena in the ZCW. Red tides and physical processes are closely related. This paper systematically carried out four research efforts about remote sensing technique of upwelling, temporal and spatial characteristics of the Zhejiang Coastal Upwelling (ZCU), statistical analysis of red tides occurred in the ZCW, and relationships between ZCU and red tides occurred in the ZCW.
This study has collected a large number of EOS MODIS visible and thermal infrared data from 2007 to 2009 year, and the image features of ZCU are extracted from above remote sensing data sets. Based on the upwelling features in sea surface themperature images, a dynamic temperature threshold model is proposed and established to measure the ZCU, and then attributes of the ZCU are calculated. A semi-automatic method is achieved to obtain the ZCU information for the operational EOS MODIS satellite remote sensing data.
With the established upwelling measure model, remote sensing information of the ZCU are extracted and then statistically analyzed with EOS MODIS data durring 2007~2009. Temporal characteristics of the ZCU are obtained, and development periods of the ZCU are proposed. Spatial distribution and variation of the ZCU are discussed. The variation discipline of spatial distribution of ZCUis set up, and position relationships between the ZCU and the submarine steep slope along the Zhejiang coast are also established. The development processes of the ZCU and its factors are investigated.
By collecting red tide events’data from 2000 to 2009, the red tides in the ZCW are statistically analyzed. Temporal characteristics of red tides in the ZCW are obtained and two temporal types of red tide are classified. Based on the spatial distribution of red tide, location of the red tide-prone regions is pointed out and its position relationship with the submarine steep slope along the Zhejiang coast is cleared out. The annual characteristics of spatial distribution of red tides in the ZCW are also found.
By applying multi-scale temporal-spactial analysis method, the relationship between ZCU and red tides in the ZCW are carried out and established. There exists a high degree of correlation in space, time and intensity distribution between ZCU and red tides occurred in the ZCW. The effects of the ZCU on red tides about time, scale and postion in the ZCW are analyzed. The roles of ZCU in the development processes of red tide in the ZCW are also discussed.
引文
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