化学物质对调控蔬菜硝酸盐积累的效应研究
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摘要
蔬菜中过多的硝酸盐对人体健康的潜在危害已成为社会广泛关注的问题,但是,目前对有机基质栽培蔬菜的硝酸盐调控途径及机理的研究报道却不多。为了有效控制蔬菜中的硝酸盐积累,本论文以菜心等为材料,研究了施用双氰胺(DCD)、硫代硫酸钠(STS)、6-苄基氨基嘌呤(6-BA)、柠檬酸(CA)等4种化学物质调控甘蔗渣基质培蔬菜的硝酸盐积累的效果、DCD适宜的施用时期和用量、DCD减少硝酸盐积累的机理。研究结果表明,施用相当于施N量20%的DCD、1.5g.kg~(-1)基质的STS、喷施0.1μg·L~(-1)的6-BA和0.1mmol·L~(-1)的CA使菜心可食部分硝酸盐含量分别降低了31.08%、2.09%、12.72%、13.40%,其中DCD效果最好。于收获前10天和20天施用相当于施N量10%~25%的DCD可显著地减少基质亚硝酸细菌数、NO_3~--N含量,降低基质中NO_3~--N/NH_4~+-N比值,且效果随着DCD用量的增加而增加。菜心硝酸盐积累量随着基质中NO_3~--N含量和NO_3~--N/NH_4~+-N比值的减少而减少,表明DCD降低菜心硝酸盐的积累是由于DCD抑制栽培基质中的硝化作用、降低其NO_3~--N含量所致。收获前20天施用相当于施N量20%的DCD显著减少菜心、菠菜、生菜、大白菜4种蔬菜的硝酸盐积累,使可食部分硝酸盐含量分别降低了24.9%、27.1%、39.1和41.6%,但对产量、维生素C、可溶性糖、叶绿素含量无显著不良影响,甚至
    
    广西大学硕士学位论文化学物质时调控蔬菜峭酸盐积累的效应研究
    显著提高大白菜维生素C含量,表明收获前20天施用相当于施N量
    20%的DCD是有效控制蔬菜硝酸盐的积累、维持和提高蔬菜产量和品
    质的有效措施。
Potential harm of excessive nitrate in vegetables to human bodies has been deeply concerned by the public. However, studies on the measures to regulate nitrate accumulation in vegetables cultivated with organic substrates and corresponded mechanisms were limited. In this thesis, the effects of dicyandiamide (DCD), sodium thiosulfate (STS), 6-benzyladynine (6-BA) and citric acid (CA) applied on the regulation of nitrate accumulation in vegetables such as flowering Chinese cabbage cultivated with bagasse substrates, appropriate quantity and period of DCD applied, a mechanism responsible for the regulation of nitrate accumulation in vegetables were studied to efficiently reduce nitrate accumulation in vegetables. The results indicated that nitrate content in the edible part of flowering Chinese cabbage treated by DCD (equal to 20% total N applied), STS (1.5g-kg-1dry substrates), 6-BA (0.1g-L-1), CA (0.1mmol-L-1) reduced by 31.08%, 2.09%, 12.72%, 13.40%
    
    
    respectively. Application of DCD equal to 10%~25% total N applied at 20 days before harvest reduced the number of Nitrosomonas, the amount of NO3--N and the ratio of NO3--N/NH4+-N in culture substrates, moreover the effect increased with the increasing in apply quantity of DCD. The accumulation of nitrate in flowering Chinese Cabbage decreased with the decrease of the NO3~-N amount and NO3"-N/NH/-N ratio in the substrates after application of DCD, indicating that the decrease of nitrate accumulation in vegetables treated by DCD was resulted from the inhibition of nitrification by DCD applied. Application of DCD equal to 20% total N applied at 20 days before harvest reduced nitrate content by 24.9%, 27.1%, 39.1%, and 41.6%, in flowering Chinese cabbage, spinach, lettuce and Chinese cabbage, respectively, while the yield and the content of vitamin C, water-soluble sugar, chlorophyll of the vegetables were not affected significantly. Moreover, the application of DCD could elevate the level of vitamin C in Chine
    se cabbage. These results indicated that application of DCD equal to 20% total N applied at 20 days before harvest was an appropriate measure to regulate the accumulation of nitrate in vegetables and maintain yield and quality of vegetables.
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