摘要
微小孔在工程领域中大量被使用,微小孔的加工工艺一直是研究的热点。采用电解加工方法进行微小孔加工具有加工效率高、表面质量好的优点,因而广泛受到人们的关注。
电液束加工是电解加工中的一种。它是将电解液压入导电的密封头内,经小孔高速射向被加工工件待加工部位,在工件阳极与电极阴极之间加上高压直流电,根据阳极电化学溶解原理实现“切削”加工的。本文进行了电液束加工微小孔技术的研究,论文完成的主要工作如下:
(1)在微细电解加工机床上构建了毛细管电液束加工微小孔的加工系统,设计了一套适合于毛细管电极装夹的专用夹具,搭建了电解液系统,包括电解液循环系统和电解液温控系统,并设计了电液束加工对刀系统。
(2)利用Ansys分析软件对毛细管电极电液束加工微小孔进行建模,分析了工件表面被加工区域的电流密度的分布情况和加工凹坑的形貌,对后续试验提供理论指导依据。
(3)开展了毛细管电极电液束加工微小孔的试验,研究了初始加工间隙、加工电压、电解液压力和进给速度对小孔加工时间和加工直径的影响。
(4)研究了加工深度对加工小孔的效率和加工精度的影响,分析了硝酸钠盐溶液加工小孔存在的问题和原因。
The metal sheets with micro holes are widely used in many engineering fields; Micro-hole drilling technology has been an interesting research. Electrochemical machining (ECM), famous for its high efficiency and good surface quality, has been used for micro holes machined.
Electrostream Drilling (ESD), which belongs to ECM technology, is a versatile process for drilling micro holes. In the process the electrolytic current is supplied between the anodic workpiece and the catholic nozzle via the electrolyte which is ejected from the minute nozzle. In this paper, micro holes are machined by ESD and the main work has been finished as follows:
(1) The processing system of capillary electrodes electrolyte jet machining micro holes is constructed. A set of fixture available for capillary tubing is designed. Electrolyte systems is built, including electrolyte circulatory system and electrolyte temperature control system. Finally, a tool presetting system is designed for electrosteam drilling process.
(2) The electrosteam drilling modeling is established by Ansys software. The current density of processed zone of workpiece surface in the machining of micro hole by the capillary electrodes electrolyte jet machining is analyzed, which can guide the following process tests.
(3) The effect of process parameters such as applied voltage, inlet electrolyte pressure, feed rate and initial electrode gap on the productivity and the quality of the micro hole are investigated.
(4) The impact of the depth of the hole on the process efficiency and machining precision is studied. The problems existing in the process is given and the solution is proposed.
引文
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