摘要
近几十年来,由于大功率电力电子装置的广泛应用,使公用电网受到谐波电流和谐波电压的污染日益严重,功率因数低,电能利用率低。为了抑制电网的谐波,提高功率因数,人们通常采用无功补偿、有源、无源滤波器等对电网环境进行改善。近年来,功率因数校正技术作为抑制谐波电流,提高功率因数的行之有效的方法,备受人们的关注。
本文在参阅国内外大量文献的基础上,综述了近年来国内外功率因数校正的发展状况,简要分析了无源功率因数与有源功率因数的优、缺点,并详细分析了有源功率因数校正的基本原理和控制方法。在通过对主电路拓扑与控制方法的优、缺点比较后,选择BOOST变换器作为主电路拓扑,采用基于平均电流控制的UC3854控制器,设计了容量为300W的两级有源功率因数校正电路的前一级电路,计算了主电路与控制电路的元件参数。根据此参数,基于MATLAB环境下对功率因数校正前、后的电路进行了仿真,通过仿真波形的分析。最后搭建实验电路进行实验,采集实验波形,对实验结果进行分析,进一步验证了本设计参数的正确性与准确性。
本文功率因数校正电路的设计,使电路的功率因数得到了明显的改善,达到了设计要求,同时电路的总谐波畸变因数控制在了一定的范围,减少了对电网的污染。并且电路的输出电压稳定,为后一级的电路设计奠定了基础。
The harmonic for voltage and current, lower power factor and lower power efficiency of public power system is serious increasingly because of much big power electronic equipment in resent years. Usually, reactive compensation, filters for active and reactive were used to improved power system in order to control harmonic and improve power factor of power system. But the power factor correction technique is research because it is an effective method to control harmonic and improve power factor by recent years.
The development for power factor correction both here and abroad in recent years is summarized and the good and bad characteristics for reactive and active power factor correction is analyzed briefly and the basic principle and control methods of active power factor correction is analyzed detailed after read a mass of literatures both here and abroad. The main BOOST converter and UC3854 controller which based on CCM control are selected and a 300W first stage circuit of two-stage active power factor correction is designed and elements of main and control circuit were accounted after topologies of main circuit and control methods were compared. The circuit was simulated based on MATLAB according to these parameters and correctness of the design is proved firstly after used compare simulation waves. At last, the experiment circuit is founded, the correctness and veracity is proved more after compare experiment waves.
The power factor of circuit is improved obviously and satisfied design require after power factor correction and the total harmonic distortion for current is controlled in a band, so the harmonic for voltage and current is reduced. At the same time, the output voltage is steady in this circuit, so the next circuit is design conveniently.
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