摘要
准确地觉察微表情是理解别人真实情感的一种重要技能。然而，这种快速的表情往往是很难被察觉的。“解读”别人的能力对一般人来说是一种优势，然而对于特殊领域的人员，像临床工作者和安全人员来说，识别微表情有助于他们发现潜在的危险，所以提高个体识别微表情的能力有广泛是使用价值。有美国国家安全部门、防御部门以及卫生部门已经使用了基于网络平台上的微表情训练。现有发表过的研究可能影响微表情识别能力的因素包括选择最好的训练方法、呈现刺激的方式、动机因素以及训练的后效。检测这些导致训练的效果减退的因素是很重要的，有助于研究者确定地鉴别更加有效的训练方法。相对来说METT是测验这些差别的理想工具。当前大多数研究都在使用微表情训练工具提高认识能力，有一小部分研究在分析与技能提高有关的潜在因素。很多训练工具都已经被证实在识别表情方面有效果。但由于使用的刺激材料和干预的方式有差别，目前还不知道那种方法具有明显的提高和持续效果。本研究致力于训练范式、呈现刺激方式、动机水平、以及强化程度等因素对识别微表情能力的影响。本研究设计一个3（训练方式）×3（强化）×3（呈现方式）多因素混合实验，实验包含三个阶段，第一阶段为常规训练阶段，第二次强化训练阶段和第三次强化训练阶段。306名中学生作为被试参与实验，分别在训练刚结束、之后3个星期以及6个星期进行后测。研究结果表明训练有效地提高了被试认识微表情的能力，尤其当主试使用不同的训练方式，例如讲解、练习和反馈，效果更加明显。在本项研究中，一个可能重复的呈现效应已经被发现，未被训练的参加者未被训练就得到提高。不断的实践同样也提升了他们识别微表情的能力，这表明一个额外的时间训练将是有益的。本研究主要分为6个大的章节，包括引言、文献综述和问题提出、研究假设、研究设计、研究结果分析、讨论和结论。研究建议未来研究致力于把主试因素以及训练内容进行更好的组合进行研究，以及把识别能力与计算机编程有效结合起来，构造更加完美的识别为表情能力的工具和测验，使得微表情在安全领域、卫生健康、商业以及社会交际方面的得到广泛的推广和应用研究。
The ability to detect micro expressions is an important skill for understanding a person’strue emotional state, however, these quick expressions are often difficult to detect. Theability of "Reading" others to average people is an advantage, but for special fieldpersonnel, such as clinical workers and security workers, identify the expression will helpthem find the possible potential risk. The United States national security departments, thedefense department and the department of health has been used on the platform based onthe network of micro expression, which previously published training questions includingchoose the best training methods, the presents way, motivation factors and training lagged.Itis important to test these factors lead to the effects of training deterioration, which may helpresearchers to identify the determined most effective training method. METT is a ideal toolof test these differences. The mostly current studies are in the use of the expression trainingtools to enhance understanding ability, at the same time,there are a some study in analysisthe skills of the related potential factors. Many training tools have been confirmed that theeffect of recognition of facial expression ability . But because of the use of materials andthe stimulation of the intervention way are in different, it is unknow not yet which methodhas obvious increase and lasting effects. This is the first study to examine the effects ofboundary factors such as training format, exposure, motivation, and reinforcement on thedetection of micro expressions of emotion. A 3 (training type) by 3 (rein-forcement) fixedfactor design with three control groups was conducted, in which 306 participants weretrained and evaluated immediately after exposure and at 3 and 6 weeks post-training.Training improved the recognition of micro expressions and the greatest success was foundwhen a knowledgeable instructor facilitated the training and employed diverse trainingtechniques such as description, practice and feedback. In this study, a might be repeatedpresentation of the effects have been found, the untrained participants without training found that theability have been improved. Practice ascension their performance, this suggests that an extra timetraining will be beneficial. This research mainly divided into six big section, including the introduction,the literature review and questions, research hypotheses, research design, the result analysis, discussion and conclusions. Study suggests that future research shoud focuses on the main factors and trainingcontent try better combination for research, and effectively combined the ability to recognize andcomputer programming, to build more perfect tools and test of recognition for expression ability,Recommendations are offered for future training of micro expressions, which can be usedin security, health, business, and intercultural contexts.
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