摘要
激光冷却俘获原子的实现使原子分子物理的研究焕发无限生机,尤其是近几年在超冷原子分子物理的研究中形成了若干有重要意义的新方向,如超冷极性分子。永久电偶极矩、易受外场操控、可调控的各向异性长程偶极-偶极作用等特点使其在精密测量、量子计算、多体问题和超冷化学等方面有着重要的应用。分子具有的多重振转能级结构为量子态的并行运算提供了条件,但也几乎排除了用激光冷却技术实现分子直接冷却的可能性。以超冷原子样品为基础,通过光场或者磁场的缔合是目前制备超冷分子的主要技术手段。本文建立了超冷铷铯原子的实验平台,在此基础上实现了超冷铷铯极性分子的制备,利用原子俘获损耗技术和光电离技术分别观测到了超冷激发态和超冷基态铷铯分子,测量了超冷铷铯分子的光缔合光谱和光电离,并对相关物理特性,如原子碰撞特性、分子转动常数和离心扭曲常数及分子的寿命、电偶极矩等进行了研究。
本文的主要创新性工作概括如下：
一、利用暗磁光阱技术,将磁光阱中冷原子密度增加了一个数量级：铯原子密度达到6×1011cm-3,铷原子密度达到3×1011cm-3,有效地降低了原子间的碰撞损失率,为制备超冷铷铯分子奠定了基础。
二、利用原子荧光调制解调和共振增强双光子电离,分别实现了超冷激发态铷铯分子和超冷基态铷铯分子的高灵敏探测。
三、采用无调制数字伺服系统锁频方法,实现了激光器频率覆盖范围内任意绝对频率的锁定,将缔合光激光器长期锁定在原子-分子跃迁频率上,为研究超冷基态分子的光电离光谱提供了必要的技术支持。
四、利用工作二和工作三中的高灵敏探测技术和稳频技术,观测到了短程态超冷铷铯分子的光缔合光谱和光电离光谱,为单步光缔合直接制备最低振转态超冷铷铯分子这一新机制奠定了实验基础。
Atomic and molecular physics develop rapidly in rencet years arsing from laser cooling and trapping for cold atom, resulting to some important research interests in ultracold atoms and molecules, such as ultracold polar molecules. Ultracold polar molecules are of particular interest because they have pement electronic dipole moments, which mean that they are easy to be contronlled by extral field. Their dipole-dipole intramolecular interactions are long-range, ani so tropic, and tunable, resulting to some important applications, such as precision measurement, quantum calculation, many body problem and ultracold chemistry. The complicated rovibrational molecular structures provide some conditions for paralled calculation of quantum states, but also exclude the possibility of direct molecule cooling by laser cooling and trapping. The main methods to produce ultracold molecules are to associate ultracold atoms by laser field or magnetic field. In this paper, we constitute an experimental setup for photoassociative production and detection of ultracold RbCs polar molecules baesed ultracold rubidium and cesium atoms, use the atom trap loss technique and ionization spectrum technique to get the Photoassociation spectrum and ionization spectrum, study some related physical properties, such as atom collision property, molecular rotational constant and distortion constant, and molecular electric dipole moment.
These are some innovative work in this thesis:
1. We use dark MOT technique to increase cold atomic density in MOT with one order: cesium atomic density increases to6×10cm-3while rubidium atomics increases to6×1011cm-3, at the same time the collison rate decreases to half.This provides a foundation for production of ultracold RbCs molecules.
2. We use modulation spectroscopy technique of atom fluorescence and resonant enhanced two photo ionization technique to realize the high sensitive detection of ultracold molecules in excited state and ground state, respectively.
3. By using a robust non-modulation digital servo system to lock the laser frequency to atom-molecule transition, or even any absolute frequency in the laser frequency range. This frequency stabilization provides necessary technical support for the photoionization spectrum of ultracold RbCs molecules in ground state.
4. Based on high sensitive dection and frequency stabilization of work two and three, we observed the photoassociation spectrum and photoionization spectrum of ultracold RbCs molecules at long range and short range. This work provide experimental basis to produce the lowest rovibrational state RbCs molecules by one step photoassociative laser, whch is a new mechanism to produce RbCs molecules in the X(V=0,J=0) state.
引文
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