摘要
黄酒源于中国,与啤酒、葡萄酒并称世界三大古酒。黄酒酒性柔顺,酒体丰满,酒味醇、营养丰富,在世界酿造史上独树一帜。黄酒因原料、工艺不同分为浙派黄酒、海派黄酒及闽派黄酒。福建闽派黄酒采用红曲发酵,是中国黄酒中的一支奇葩。但新酿制的黄酒口感粗糙、香味不足,需经较长时间的陈化;同时,黄酒杀菌多采用巴氏杀菌,风味劣变严重;其次,闽派黄酒长期饮用易使人产生燥热感。本论文拟将膜技术应用于闽派黄酒加工工艺中,研究卷式中空纤维膜物理加速黄酒陈化工艺、钛合金膜超滤系统除菌工艺及黄酒燥热特性动物试验,建立高品质黄酒生产工艺规程。主要结论如下:
(1)通过比较纤维素膜、聚砜膜、聚氯乙烯膜和聚醚砜膜加速黄酒陈化效果,优选出黄酒物理陈化最适膜材质--卷式中空纤维膜。以黄酒主要成分(杂醇油、总醛、总酯、氨基态氮和总酸)为指标,确定该膜过滤加速黄酒陈化最佳工艺参数:膜孔径10kDa,操作压力0.25MPa,过滤温度30℃。该工艺条件可使黄酒陶坛陈化时间由3年缩短至半年,大大提高了黄酒生产效率。
(2)采用钛合金膜过滤系统,替代传统热杀菌工序。在单因素试验基础上,选取操作压力、工作流速和工作温度作为3因素,以膜通量和黄酒透光率为响应值,采用中心组合试验设计,系统研究了操作压力、工作流速和工作温度对膜通量和黄酒透光率的影响。通过响应面分析法,确定钛合金膜最佳除菌工艺为:压力0.7MPa,流速1.3m/s,温度32℃。与传统热杀菌工艺相比,钛合金膜除菌工艺可最大程度的保留黄酒原有营养成分和特征香气,从而提高黄酒的产品质量。
(3)通过动物试验研究了传统酿造所制黄酒、纤维素膜过滤黄酒和钛合金膜除菌黄酒的寒热性。以灌胃蒸馏水和附子干姜肉桂煎熬剂作为阴、阳对照组。灌喂造模28天,考察5-羟色胺(5-HT)、促甲状腺激素(TSH)、孕酮(PROG)、三碘甲状腺原氨酸(T_3)和甲状腺素(T_4)水平,以确定各酒样的寒热性。结果表明:热症组大鼠有明显的热症表现,传统酿造的黄酒属热性食品,纤维素膜过滤和钛合金膜除菌能显著降低黄酒的燥热特性。
(4)在黄酒传统酿制工艺中镶入纤维素膜过滤和钛合金膜除菌工艺,明确各工段操作要点,制定传统半干型黄酒产品质量标准,为高品质黄酒生产提供技术支持与保障。
Rice wine originated from China, with beer, wine and said the world's three ancient wine. Rice wine of supple, full-bodied, the wine pure taste, nutrient-rich, unique in the history of brewing in the world. Rice wine for raw materials, process different cent is zhejiang sent yellow wine, Shanghai Rice wine and rice wine min faction. In Fujian, the fermentation of red kojic rice sent Rice wine is the Chinese rice wine in a crowd. But new made from rice wine taste, smell is insufficient, rough need to the longer the Maturing; At the same time, Rice wine is used more sterilization pasteurizing, flavor and severe losses; Second, Fujian sent Rice wine drinking long-term is hot and dry and produce feeling. This paper will be proposed to the application of membrane technology in Fujian sent Rice wine in the processing technology, the roll type hollow fiber membrane physics acceleration, aging process, titanium alloy membranes Rice wine ultrafiltration system aseptic technique and Rice wine is hot and dry characteristics animal experiments, establish a high quality rice wine production procedure. The main conclusions are as follows:
(1) By comparing cellulose film, film, PVC film were together and polyether sulphone membrane accelerated aging Rice wine, method and effect of Rice wine physical Maturing optimal membrane materials-roll type hollow fiber membrane. Main ingredients with Rice wine (fusel oil, total aldehyde, phytoesterase , amino nitrogen and total acid) as the index, and determine the membrane filtration of Rice wine accelerate the process parameters, aging: membrane aperture kDa 10, 0.25 MPa, operating pressure filtration temperature 30℃. The process conditions can make the altar by Maturing tao Rice wine time reduced to 3 years half a year, greatly improving the yellow wine production efficiency.
(2) The titanium alloy membrane filtration system, to replace the traditional heat sterilization process. In the single factor experiment, selected based on operating pressure, flow velocity and temperature as work work 3 factors, with the flux and yellow wine light transmittance response value for the center, combination experimental design, systematic study of the operating pressure, flow velocity and temperature on the work work flux and the influence of Rice wine light transmittance. Through the response surface methodology, to determine the best aseptic technique titanium alloy film for: 0.7 MPa pressure and flow velocity 1.3 m/s, temperature 32℃. Compared with the traditional heat sterilization process, titanium alloy membrane aseptic technique can maximum keep original nutrition composition and characteristics of Rice wine aroma, so as to improve the product quality rice wine.
(3)Through the animal testing the traditional brewing wine, cellulose ZhiHuang the membrane filtration membrane Rice wine and titanium alloy aseptic cold sex of Rice wine. To fill the stomach of radix aconiti distilled water and dried ginger cinnamon suffering as Yin and Yang agent in the control group. Feed mould filling made 28 days, to investigate the serotonin (5-HT) and testing for thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), progesterone (PROG), three iodine thyroid original acid (T3) and thyroxinet4 level, to determine the wine kind of cold sex. The results show that: fever rats have obvious fever performance, the traditional brew of hot food of Rice wine, cellulose membrane filtration membrane and titanium alloys except bacteria can significantly decrease of Rice wine in hot and dry characteristics.
(4) In rice wine made from traditional process inserting the cellulose membrane filtration membrane aseptic technique and titanium alloy, clear stages operation point, make traditional half dry type product quality standard, Rice wine for high quality rice wine production to provide technical support and guarantee.
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