摘要
作为资源的分配者、流动性和支付服务的提供者，银行对整个国民经济的运行和政治稳定产生着重要影响。但是，银行体系因为内在脆弱性又往往不稳定，银行危机时常发生。鉴于银行危机的频繁爆发以及对社会和经济造成的严重负面影响，世界各国越来越重视金融安全网的构建。本文共分6个部分。
第一章是导论，分析了银行危机和金融安全网理论的发展趋势，介绍了国内外有关文献研究情况，提出本文的研究角度和研究意义。
第二章对银行危机的理论进行了梳理和介绍。首先，解释了银行危机、货币危机与金融危机的概念，指出它们之间的联系和区别。同时从构成要素上对金融安全网概念进行了狭义和广义的界定。其次，对银行危机的传统理论进行了梳理，主要是介绍了“周期论”，“货币论”，“恐慌论”和“制度论”，这些理论分别从不同的角度出了银行危机的产生和传染的理论解释。最后，重点介绍了最新的“特许权价值”理论模型。它从一个崭新的角度，解释了在不完全竞争市场上，银行牌照和银行危机之间的关系及其政策意义。
第三章对银行危机的机理进行了深入的研究。首先，从银行的资产负债不对称、高负债经营、信息不对称和对资产价格波动的高度敏感性等行业特性角度对银行的内在不稳定性和银行危机的内在生成机理进行了研究，并结合国外银行危机的案例，对政府行为、公众行为和金融自由化等银行危机的一些主要外部诱发因素进行了探讨。其次，对银行危机所带来的经济紧缩效应、政策干扰效应、通货不稳定效应进行了深入研究。
第四章研究的是金融安全网的问题。对抑制危机发生和降低银行危机影响的金融安全网的三个组成要素—银行监管、中央银行最后贷款人制度以及存款保险进行了系统的分析，并对主要国家金融安全网的制度安排以及最新发展趋势进行了比较。
第五章分析了中国银行业潜在的银行危机与金融安全网的有效性问题。对中国银行业风险状况主要从四大国有商业银行的资产质量、资本充足率、贷款呆帐准备金规模和盈利能力等几个方面展开了系统分析。对中国金融安全网的有效性分析主要是从金融安全网的主要内容和存在的问题两方面进行分析。
第六章是研究如何完善中国金融安全网的制度安排问题。在上述分析的基础上，针对中国的金融安全网存在的问题，本文作者提出了“金融安全网边界”的概念，并对此进行了解释。在以“金融安全网边界”指导下，借鉴国外的成功的做法，本文作者提出准确把握中国的银行监管力度、构建有效的最后贷款人机制和建立中国的存款保险制度等政策建议。
As distributors of resources, suppliers of liquidity and payment service, banks are playing significant roles in the national economy and political stability. However, the banking system tens to be unstable and vulnerable to crisis. In light of the frequent crises and their negative impact on the society and economy, a so-called "safety net" has been widely established as a specific regulation measure. This thesis has carried on research to the crisis of the bank and financial safety net question of preventing and manages the crisis of the bank. This thesis consists 6 parts altogether
The first chapter is introduction. Through analyzing the trend and characteristics of banking crises, explaining and interpreting relevant research achievements home and aboard, the research orientation and its implications are raised.
The second chapter introduces the theories of the banking crisis. Firstly, This thesis explains the concepts of banking crisis , monetary crisis and financial crisis, and then points out the connection and difference between them. Then it carried on the narrow sense and broadly-defined definition to the financial safety net concept from forming the key element. Secondly, it has combed the traditional theory of banking crisis, mainly introducing " the cycle theory ", " the monetary theory", "the panic theory" and "the system theory". These theories have explained the outbreak and infection of banking crisis and from different angles separately. Finally, it introduces the latest " franchise value " theory model especially. The model explains in the imperfect market from a new angle, the relation between the license plate of bank and bank crisis and policy implication.
The third chapter has an in-depth research on the mechanism of banking crisis. Firstly, in order to provide a research framework for understanding the internal reasons to make the bank in crisis, such as maturity mismatch, high-ration liability operation, information asymmetry and high sensitiveness to the assets price fluctuation, a systemic study is conducted on its internal instabilities and mechanism. What's more, combining with case studies, it is discussed that how government intervention, public and financial liberalization, the external factors, are likely to cause banking crisis. Furthermore, systemic research is pursued on negative effects brought by banking crisis such as economic decline, policy intervention and currency instability.
The fourth chapter focuses on financial safety net. Financial safety net helps to
prevent crisis and mitigate their negative impact, namely banking supervision, role as a lender of last resort of the central bank and deposit insurance are analyzed. Secondly, the author conducts comparative studies on institutional arrangement of the financial safety net in other countries.
The fifth chapter is on analyzing the potential bank crisis of Chinese banking and validity question of the financial safety net. Risk profile and financial strength of Chinese four state-owned commercial banks in terms of asset quality, capital adequacy, bad loan reserves and profitability are analyzed in systematic way. Analysis on the validity of the financial safety net of China mainly is carried out from the respects of the main content of the financial safety net and existing problems.
The sixth chapter is on how to perfect the institutional arrangement of the financial safety net of China. Based on the above analysis, the author puts forward the concept of " financial safety net border ". According to " financial safety net border" and lessons from the foreign successful methods, the author proposes holding the bank supervision of China accurately, structuring effective mechanism of lender of last resort and establishing system of deposit insurance of China, etc. Finally, the author puts forward the corresponding policy recommendations.
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