摘要
为探讨蛋壳颜色、成分和结构与蛋壳质量的关系,试验选用新扬州鸡所产正常鸡蛋98枚,先进行蛋壳的质量性状测定;然后用QCR蛋壳颜色测定仪测定蛋壳颜色,探索蛋壳色素的沉积规律。而后用同批蛋壳进行蛋壳成分的测定,最后按照蛋壳强度高低分成强、中、弱3组,每组取5枚蛋壳进行微观构造和晶体结构的观察。试验结果表明:83.673%的新扬州鸡鸡蛋为浅褐色;褐色蛋壳重最重,为5.87±0.22g,蛋壳重占蛋重的比例最高,为12.77±1.34,蛋重最重,为49.20±4.59g,厚度也高于其他组颜色的蛋,为0.340±0.027mm;蛋壳率为12.30±1.15%;蛋壳厚度为0.306±0.033 mm;蛋形指数为0.762±0.039;哈氏单位为81.35±10.88。蛋壳强度与蛋壳厚度、壳重、蛋壳率、单位面积蛋壳重有强的正相关(P<0.01),其中以厚度与蛋壳强度的相关系数最大,为0.717。蛋重与蛋壳强度有显著的负相关(P<0.01)。蛋壳色素的沉积规律:蛋壳中胆绿素Ⅸ和原卟啉Ⅸ都是在蛋壳形成的最后阶段达到了最大的分泌量,它们可能受同样的因素调控。蛋壳颜色与蛋重、蛋壳强度、蛋壳厚度和哈氏单位有一定的关系。蛋壳颜色为45~50的蛋重与其他各组差异显著(P<0.05)。蛋壳颜色为30~35的强度显著大于其他各组的蛋壳强度(P<0.05)。蛋壳颜色为30~35和35~40的厚度与蛋壳颜色为40~45和45~50的厚度存在显著差异(P<0.05)。蛋壳颜色为45~50的哈氏单位与前三组存在显著差异(P<0.05)。对蛋壳成分含量的测定结果表明,不同强度蛋壳钙含量差异不显著(P>0.05)。不同强度组磷、碳、氧、氮等相对含量均差异不显著(P>0.05)。蛋白质含量测定结果虽然各组差异不显著(P>0.05),但是蛋壳强度和厚度随着蛋白质含量的增加均呈先上升再下降的趋势。蛋壳糖醛酸和酸性氨基葡聚糖浓度与蛋壳强度呈显著的负相关(P<0.01),壳膜内糖醛酸浓度与强度有较弱的正相关,酸性氨基葡聚糖浓度与强度有显著的正相关(P<0.01)。超微结构观察表明,高强度组乳突层有效厚度和乳突间隙分别比中强度组低32.43% (P<0.01)和26.93% (P<0.05)、比低强度组低71.71% (P<0.01)和36.08% (P<0.05)。通过衍射试验得到了新扬州鸡蛋壳的衍射图谱。不同强度组蛋壳间的面间距和衍射强度基本相同。
In order to explore the relationship between eggshell quality and eggshell color, composition and structure, choose 98 eggs laid by New Yangzhou chickens, eggshell quality traits was first determinated. Then eggshell color was determinated by QCR eggshell color instruments to explore the deposition of eggshell pigment. Then collect the eggshell in test one to determinate shell composition, final select five eggshells in accordance with intensity to observate microstructure and crystal structure. The results showed that: 83.673 percent of New Yangzhou chicken eggs were light brown. Eggshell weight of brown eggs was 5.87±0.22 g, was the highest, the proportion of eggshell weight in egg weight of brown eggs was 12.77±1.34, was the highest, egg weight of brown eggs was 49.20±4.59 g, was also the highest, shell thickness of brown eggs was 0.340±0.027 mm, was also thicker than other groups; Eggshell rate was 12.30±1.15%; Eggshell thickness was 0.306±0.033 mm; Egg shape index was 0.762±0.039; Harrington Unit was 81.35±10.88. The eggshell strength had a very high significant positive correlation (P<0.01) with eggshell thickness, shell weight, shell ratio, shell weight per unit area, the eggshell thickness and strength had a bigest correlation coefficient 0.717. Egg weight and eggshell strength had significantly negative correlation (P<0.01). Pigment deposition in eggshell: biliverdinⅨand protoporphyrinⅨwere reached the largest secretion efficiency in final stage of eggshell forming, they may be subject to the same control factors. There were certain relationships between eggshell color and egg weight, eggshell strength, eggshell thickness and Harrington units. Egg weight of shell color 45~50 had significant difference with other groups(P<0.05). Eggshell strength of color 30~35 was significantly higher than other groups(P<0.05). Eggshell thickness of color 30~35 and 35~40 and eggshell thickness of color 40~45 and 45~50 had significant difference(P<0.05). Eggshell Harrington units of color 45~50 had significant difference with the first three groups (P<0.05). The determination of eggshell components results showed that: There was not significant difference between calcium content of different strength in eggshell(P>0.05). Phosphorus, carbon, oxygen, nitrogen relative content of different intensity were not significant (P>0.05). Protein determination results showed: Also the difference was not significant (P>0.05),but eggshell strength and thickness were first increased and then declined increased with the protein content. Concentrations of uronic acid and sulfated GAGs were negatively correlated with eggshell strength in calcified shell (P<0.01), concentrations of uronic acid was weak positively correlated with eggshell strength in shell membrane,concentrations of sulfated GAGs was positively correlated with eggshell strength in shell membrane(P<0.01). Ultrastructural observation showed that: The effective thickness of mastoid layer and mastoid gap of high intensity treatment were lower than middle intensity and low intensity treatments by 32.43%(P<0.01) and 26.93%(P<0.05), 71.71%(P<0.01) and 36.08%(P<0.05), respectively. Obtain New Yangzhou chicken eggshell diffraction patterns by diffraction experiment. Spacing and diffraction intensity of different eggshell strength groups were similar.
引文
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