摘要
本篇论文主要通过试验对比分析了汉语拼音/ou/和英语双元音/(?)/的不同和相似之处,并且基于ICE-GB和SECCL语料库指出了不同的音节结构对中介语双元音/(?)/的影响。与传统研究方法不同,本文的研究是建立语料库及数据运算的基础上的语音实证研究。在试验中,笔者借助Adobe Audition提取语音文件中的单音,利用Praat语音软件得出语音样本语音图谱和共振峰数据,并用Excel对数据进行计算整合,最后画出相应的声学元音图,计算机程序和各种先进软件的运用极大地方便了本文的研究,并保证了其信度和效度。
本试验得出以下几个结论。首先,本文通过对汉语双元音/ou/和国际音标中的双元音/(?)/共振峰斜率和离差的对比分析发现,两个音存在很多差异其中最本质的差异在于两个音的时频协变结构不同。其次,通过对于ICE-GB和SECCL中样本的分析发现,不同的音节结构对于英语母语者双元音/(?)/的发音影响很细微,但是不同的音节结构对于中国学习者双元音/(?)/的发音有很大影响。由于汉语中的/ou/只出现于开音节中,所以在开音节的英语单词中,中国学生得益于母语正迁移的影响,大部分学习者可以发准双元音/(?)/,相反在闭音节的英语单词中,中国英语学习者常常会由于母语负迁移的影响发错双元音/(?)/。最后本文结合相关理论分析了造成此种差异和偏误的原因,并为中国的外语教学提出了一些建议。
This paper focuses on the contrastive analysis of the similarities and differences between the pronunciation of pinyin/ou/and English diphthong/(?)/; meanwhile it figures out the influence of different syllable structures on the interlanguage/(?)/ based on ICE-GB and SECCL. Different from traditional methods, this research is an empirical corpus-based and statistically driven study. The Adobe Audition is applied to extract the mono sound from sound files and Praat software is the main tool to get the spectrograms and frequency data of each sample respectively. Office Excel is used to calculate the data and draw the acoustic vowel diagram correspondingly with certain formula. The use of computer programs and advanced software facilitates the study and assures the reliability and validity.
The final findings of the experiment can be summarized as follows. Firstly, through the comparative analysis of the gliding rate (R) and the deviation (D) of F1, F2 movements, many differences between two sounds are found, among which the essential one lies in their different temporal distribution. Secondly, through the analysis of the samples chosen from ICE-GB and SECCL, it is found that for native language speakers, different syllable structures exert frail influence on the pronunciation of the diphthong/(?)/however different syllable structures have great influence on the correct pronunciation of the diphthong/(?)/of Chinese learners. Since the Chinese/ou/only appears in open syllables, most Chinese students can pronounce/(?)/correctly thanks to the positive transfer of the first language in open-syllable English words. On the contrary, in closed-syllable English words, few students can manage to pronounce/(?)/correctly due to the negative transfer of the first language. Finally, in accordance with relative theories, the reasons of these phenomena are discussed and analyzed; meanwhile some suggestions are put forward to the foreign language teaching.
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