摘要
随着科学技术的高速发展,制造业领域发生了根本的变化。数控技术的广泛应用大大提高了生产效率和产品质量,使得机械加工进入了柔性自动化时代。近十年来,我国数控技术的推广应用也进入了快速发展阶段,需要大量从事数控技术研究应用的人才。
目前我国在提供数控技术教学培训方面基本上以理论教学为主,往往缺少实践教学及实际操作培训这一环节。形成这种局面的主要原因是生产用数控机床价格昂贵,操作使用和维修费用高,难以用作教学培训设备。此外,纯仿真软件的真实感较差,不能达到很好的教学目的,跟据这种情况,针对实验教学的要求,开发研制集硬件、软件于一体的数控加工实验教学系统以满足相关教学、培训需要。
本系统按结构可分为硬件系统和系统软件。硬件结构按功能可分为控制信息的输入、输出系统模块和通信模块;系统软件按功能可分为NC程序译码模块、刀具轨迹计算模块、三维仿真模块和仿真系统界面模块。
建立了基于PIC单片机系统控制信息输入、输出模块和通信模块的硬件结构。
实现了G代码的编译,采用编译控制的译码方法,具体分析了译码的数据处理流程。并实现了直线和圆弧刀具轨迹算法。
研究了数控车削加工仿真的实现方法。重点介绍了基于三角网格划分法的建模概念,建立了毛坯的模型。并提出了刀具和毛坯求交计算的方法。
介绍了系统运行界面的功能,并通过编程实例完成了直线和圆弧刀具轨迹算法的仿真验证。
系统软件部分是在VC++6.0开发环境下开发的。系统中的NC代码符合通用数控系统的规范,实用性强,使用方便。
With the quick development of science and technology, there are radical changes in the field of mechanical manufacture. The productive efficiency and quality of the product are improved greatly, with the wide use of NC technology. And this make the mechanical manufacture go into the flexibility and roboticized epoch.
At present, the theory teaching plays an important role during the process of NC teaching and training in our country. There are few practice and operation training in NC course because of the high cost of the NC machine and the operation and the maintenance. Moreover, simplex NC simulation software is short of third dimension, so it can not meet the requirement of NC teaching well. For above reasons, we have developed a NC simulation system applying to NC teaching and training.
This system is divided into two parts by structure,one is hardware structure, the other is system software. By function, hardware is divided into control message input and output module and communication module, system software is divided to show module and background process, which is also subdivided into tool track calculating module, NC program coding module, NC process simulation module and system interface function module.
The hardware based on PIC single-chip are built, which contains inputting and outputting system control messages and communication module.
The G code translating method is actualized. The way of compiling control coding is adopted, and coding data process flow is analyzed detailedly, while some relevant problems such as modal instrument procession are introduced. The arithmetic of linear and arc tool track is actualized.
The implemental means of NC cutting procession simulation are researched. The conception of based on the triangular grids partition is introduced, and simplification calculation of the points of intersection between semi-finished material and cutting scanning body brings forward, which reduces calculation quantities in simulation, increases the speed of simulation and optimizes the effect of simulation.
The function of system interface is introduced, and linear and arc tool track arithmetic is validated by examples.
The developing platform of system is VC++6.0, and the NC codes in the system, which accord with standard NC system criterion is convenient and applied.
引文
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